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Mabasa L, Kotze A, Shabalala S, Kimani C, Gabuza K, Johnson R, Sangweni NF, Maharaj V, Muller CJF. Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) Extract Inhibits Hepatic Steatosis in db/db Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3782. [PMID: 35409465 PMCID: PMC8998011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of hepatic metabolic perturbations ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, lifestyle modifications to reduce weight gain are considered the most effective means of preventing and treating the disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the therapeutic benefit of Sclerocarya birrea (Marula leaf extract, MLE) on hepatic steatosis. Obese db/db mice were randomly stratified into the obese control, metformin (MET) or MLE-treated groups. Mice were treated daily for 29 days, at which point all mice were euthanized and liver samples were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological assessment of the liver sections, while qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine hepatic mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Thereafter, the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Mthfr a key enzyme in one-carbon metabolism and DNA-methylation-induced regulation of gene transcription) and lipogenic genes was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Mice treated with MLE presented with significantly lower body and liver weights as compared with the obese control and MET-treated mice (p ≤ 0.05). Further, MLE treatment significantly inhibited hepatic steatosis as compared with the obese control and MET-treated mice (p ≤ 0.05). The reduced lipid accumulation was associated with low expression of fatty acid synthase (Cpt1; p ≤ 0.05) and an upregulation of the fatty acid oxidation gene, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (Cpt1; p ≤ 0.01), as compared with the obese control mice. Interestingly, MLE treatment improved the correlation between Mthfr and Cpt1 mRNA expression (r = 0.72, p ≤ 0.01). Taken together, the results suggest that Marula leaf extracts may inhibit hepatic steatosis by influencing the association between Mthfr and genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. Further studies are warranted to assess DNA methylation changes in lipid metabolism genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Mabasa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Anri Kotze
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Samukelisiwe Shabalala
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory-Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Clare Kimani
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Institute of Primate Research, P.O. Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Kwazi Gabuza
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Nonhlakanipho F Sangweni
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Vinesh Maharaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3880, South Africa
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Dong Z, Liao Z, He Y, Wu C, Meng Z, Qin B, Xu G, Li Z, Sun T, Wen Y, Li G. Advances in the Biological Functions and Mechanisms of miRNAs in the Development of Osteosarcoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221117386. [PMID: 35950243 PMCID: PMC9379803 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221117386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant bone tumors, mainly
occurring in children and adolescents, and is characterized by high morbidity
and poor prognosis. MicroRNAs, a class of noncoding RNAs consisting of 19 to 25
nucleotides, are involved in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and
apoptosis to regulate the development and progression of osteosarcoma. Studies
have found that microRNAs are closely related to the diagnosis, treatment, and
prognosis of osteosarcoma patients and have an important role in improving drug
resistance in osteosarcoma. This paper reviews the role of microRNAs in the
pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and their clinical value, aiming to provide a new
research direction for diagnosing and treating osteosarcoma and achieving a
better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Dong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhipeng Liao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yonglin He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chengye Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zixiang Meng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Baolong Qin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ge Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tianxin Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuyan Wen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, 12426Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangjie Li
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Wang K, Chen X. Autophagic tumor-associated macrophages promote the endothelial mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinomas through the FUT4/p-ezrin pathway. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:5973-5985. [PMID: 34795945 PMCID: PMC8575842 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality, but the effect of Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on lung adenocarcinoma has not been studied clearly now. Methods In this study, TAMs were stably transfected with Atg5 silence or overexpression lentiviral vectors to inhibit or induce autophagy of TAMs. In addition, the expression of fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) or Ezrin were interfered in TAMs with autophagy. The above treated TAMs were then co-cultured with A549 or H1299 cells. The expressions of genes were detected by qPCR, western blotting, cell immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Transwell assay and wound healing assay. Furthermore, the effects of TAMs with autophagy were explored in lung adenocarcinoma xenograft model of mice. Results The results showed that overexpression of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) induced autophagy in TAMs, which increased the expression of FUT4, TGF-β1, and p-ezrin, and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung adenocarcinoma cells. However, FUT4 silencing partially reversed the effects of TAM autophagy, specifically, the expression of TGF-β1 and p-ezrin was inhibited and EMT in lung adenocarcinoma cells was suppressed. Notably, ezrin deletion in autophagic TAMs induced by rapamycin reduced TGF-β1 expression and suppressed EMT in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Consistently, in vivo experiments also revealed that autophagic TAMs increased the expression of FUT4, TGF-β1, and p-ezrin, and promoted EMT in lung adenocarcinomas. Similarly, FUT4 silencing partially reversed the effects of autophagic TAMs on EMT in lung adenocarcinomas. Conclusions In conclusion, autophagic TAMs promoted TGF-β1 secretion through the FUT4/p-ezrin pathway and induced EMT in co-cultured lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Siontis BL, McHugh JB, Roberts E, Zhao L, Thomas DG, Owen D, Baker LH, Biermann JS, Schuetze SM, Chugh R. Differential Outcomes and Biologic Markers of Radiation-Associated vs. Sporadic Osteosarcoma: A Single-Institution Experience. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1523. [PMID: 32039013 PMCID: PMC6987384 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiation-associated osteosarcoma (RAO) is a rare, life-threatening complication from radiation. Many physicians presume RAO has a worse prognosis than sporadic osteosarcoma (SO), although limited objective data exist. We conducted a retrospective study comparing these entities. Methods: We identified adults treated at our institution with osteosarcoma (1990-2016) and categorized tumors as SO or RAO based on location within a prior radiation field. We extracted data on demographics, treatment and primary malignancy and examined available tumor samples for MTA-1 and ezrin using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Of 159 identified patients, 28 had RAO, diagnosed at a median interval from radiation of 11.5 years (1.5-28 years). Median follow-up was 2.8 years (0.1-19.6 years). Median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not significantly different in the small population of patients with metastases, SO (n = 20) vs. RAO (n = 6): PFS 10.3 months vs. 4.8 months (p = 0.45) and OS 15.6 months vs. 6.1 months (p = 0.96), respectively. For the larger group with localized disease, median relapse-free survival (RFS) and OS were significantly different, NR vs. 12.2 months (p < 0.001) and NR vs. 27.6 months (p = 0.001) in SO (n = 111) vs. RAO (n = 22), respectively. On IHC, there were significant differences in distribution of high, intermediate or low MTA-1 (p = 0.015) and ezrin (p = 0.002) between RAO and SO tumors. Conclusions: Patients with metastases at diagnosis fared poorly irrespective of prior radiation. RAO patients with localized disease had worse outcomes without detectable differences in therapy rendered or treatment effect in resected specimens. Higher expression of MTA-1 in RAO patients may suggest an underlying difference in tumor biology to explain differences in outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Siontis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jonathan B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Emily Roberts
- Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lily Zhao
- Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dafydd G Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dawn Owen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Laurence H Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J Sybil Biermann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Scott M Schuetze
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rashmi Chugh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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