1
|
Wu S, Yang Y, Zhang M, Khan AU, Dai J, Ouyang J. Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 2 in physiology and pathology: recent advancements. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1334931. [PMID: 38469181 PMCID: PMC10927012 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1334931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are the most numerous and widespread multifunctional protease inhibitor superfamily and are expressed by all eukaryotes. Serpin E2 (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 2), a member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily is a potent endogenous thrombin inhibitor, mainly found in the extracellular matrix and platelets, and expressed in numerous organs and secreted by many cell types. The multiple functions of serpin E2 are mainly mediated through regulating urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA, also known as PLAU), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA, also known as PLAT), and matrix metalloproteinase activity, and include hemostasis, cell adhesion, and promotion of tumor metastasis. The importance serpin E2 is clear from its involvement in numerous physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we summarize the structural characteristics of the Serpin E2 gene and protein, as well as its roles physiology and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, National Virtual & Reality Experimental Education Center for Medical Morphology (Southern Medical University), National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Xinjin Branch of Chengdu Municipal Public Security Bureau, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, National Virtual & Reality Experimental Education Center for Medical Morphology (Southern Medical University), National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Yue Bei People’s Hospital Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Chengdu Municipal Public Security Bureau Wenjiang Branch, Chengdu, China
| | - Asmat Ullah Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, National Virtual & Reality Experimental Education Center for Medical Morphology (Southern Medical University), National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, National Virtual & Reality Experimental Education Center for Medical Morphology (Southern Medical University), National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, National Virtual & Reality Experimental Education Center for Medical Morphology (Southern Medical University), National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie B, Olalekan S, Back R, Ashitey NA, Eckart H, Basu A. Exploring the tumor micro-environment in primary and metastatic tumors of different ovarian cancer histotypes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1297219. [PMID: 38328306 PMCID: PMC10847324 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1297219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease consisting of at least five different histological subtypes with varying clinical features, cells of origin, molecular composition, risk factors, and treatments. While most single-cell studies have focused on High grade serous ovarian cancer, a comprehensive landscape of the constituent cell types and their interactions within the tumor microenvironment are yet to be established in the different ovarian cancer histotypes. Further characterization of tumor progression, metastasis, and various histotypes are also needed to connect molecular signatures to pathological grading for personalized diagnosis and tailored treatment. In this study, we leveraged high-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing technology to elucidate the cellular compositions on 21 solid tumor samples collected from 12 patients with six ovarian cancer histotypes and both primary (ovaries) and metastatic (omentum, rectum) sites. The diverse collection allowed us to deconstruct the histotypes and tumor site-specific expression patterns of cells in the tumor, and identify key marker genes and ligand-receptor pairs that are active in the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Our findings can be used in improving precision disease stratification and optimizing treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Xie
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Anindita Basu
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chuang HW, Lin LH, Ji DD, Fu TY, Lee HS, Yang YF, Tseng HC, Hsia KT. Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 2 is associated with malignant progression and clinical prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:70-78. [PMID: 38303830 PMCID: PMC10829680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 2 (SERPINE2), is upregulated in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and urothelial carcinoma; however, limited information exists regarding its expression in oral cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the association between SERPINE2 expression and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) outcomes. Materials and methods SERPINE2 mRNA and protein expression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and OSCC were investigated using online databases and tissue-array analysis. Its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics, OSCC prognosis and its biological function in OSCC cells were explored. Results Analysis using online databases revealed higher SERPINE2 expression in tumor tissues and its role as a prognostic factor. High SERPINE2 protein levels were significantly correlated with adverse pathological parameters, including advanced clinical stage and tumor status (P < 0.001), lymph nodes (P = 0.014), and distant metastases (P = 0.013). High SERPINE2 expression was associated with worse overall survival (P < 0.001) and was identified as an independent prognostic factor for OSCC. In vitro studies revealed that SERPINE2 knockdown significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in OSCC cell lines. Conclusion This study suggests that SERPINE2 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Chuang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Der Ji
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ying Fu
- Department of Pathology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Herng-Sheng Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Cheng Tseng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kan-Tai Hsia
- Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
AbdelHafez FF, Klausen C, Zhu H, Yi Y, Leung PCK. Growth differentiation factor myostatin regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes and enhances invasion by increasing serine protease inhibitors E1 and E2 in human trophoblast cells. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23204. [PMID: 37738042 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300740r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Placental insufficiency disorders, including preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, are major obstetric complications that can have devastating effects on both the mother and the fetus. These syndromes have underlying poor placental trophoblast cell invasion into uterine tissues. Placental invasion is controlled by many hormones and growth factors. Myostatin (MSTN) is a transforming growth factor-β superfamily member recognized for its important role in muscle growth control. MSTN has also been shown to be secreted and functioning in the placenta, and its serum and/or placental levels were found to be upregulated in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Considering that the mechanistic role of MSTN in placentation remains poorly understood, we hypothesized that MSTN uses ALK4/5-SMAD2/3/4 signaling to increase human trophoblast invasion through a group of epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes including SERPINE2, PAI-1, and SOX4. mRNA sequencing of control and MSTN-treated primary human trophoblast cells (n = 5) yielded a total of 610 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate <0.05) of which 380 genes were upregulated and 230 were downregulated. These differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes, and a subset including SERPINE2, PAI-1, and SOX4 was investigated for its role in MSTN-induced trophoblast cell invasion. We found that MSTN induced upregulation of SERPINE2 via ALK4/5-SMAD2/3/4 signaling; however, SMAD2 was not involved in MSTN-induced PAI-1 upregulation. SOX4 was involved in MSTN-induced upregulation of SERPINE2, but not PAI-1. Collectively, this study discovers novel molecular mechanisms of MSTN-induced human trophoblast cell invasion and provides insight into the functional consequences of its dysregulation in placental insufficiency disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faten F AbdelHafez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut School of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuyin Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Humphreys SJ, Whyte CS, Mutch NJ. "Super" SERPINs-A stabilizing force against fibrinolysis in thromboinflammatory conditions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1146833. [PMID: 37153474 PMCID: PMC10155837 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1146833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs) are a class of inhibitors that utilise a dynamic conformational change to trap and inhibit their target enzymes. Their powerful nature lends itself well to regulation of complex physiological enzymatic cascades, such as the haemostatic, inflammatory and complement pathways. The SERPINs α2-antiplasmin, plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1, plasminogen-activator inhibitor-2, protease nexin-1, and C1-inhibitor play crucial inhibitory roles in regulation of the fibrinolytic system and inflammation. Elevated levels of these SERPINs are associated with increased risk of thrombotic complications, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Conversely, deficiencies of these SERPINs have been linked to hyperfibrinolysis with bleeding and angioedema. In recent years SERPINs have been implicated in the modulation of the immune response and various thromboinflammatory conditions, such as sepsis and COVID-19. Here, we highlight the current understanding of the physiological role of SERPINs in haemostasis and inflammatory disease progression, with emphasis on the fibrinolytic pathway, and how this becomes dysregulated during disease. Finally, we consider the role of these SERPINs as potential biomarkers of disease progression and therapeutic targets for thromboinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
6
|
Upregulation of SERPINE2 Results in Poor Prognosis of Hepatoblastoma via Promoting Invasion Abilities. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2283541. [PMID: 36505099 PMCID: PMC9734000 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2283541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in children. High-risk patients, especially those with tumor metastasis, have poor prognosis. Serpin family E member 2 (SERPINE2) is overexpressed in a variety of tumors, especially adenocarcinoma, and promotes tumor invasion and metastasis. The function and mechanism of SERPINE2 in HB are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential clinical prognostic value and molecular mechanism of SERPINE2 in HB. Methods We performed bioinformatics analyses on HB microarray data GSE131329 to study the role of SERPINE2. The expression level of SERPINE2 in HB and its clinical significance were further analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. After constructing the SERPINE2 overexpression and knockdown in HepG2 and HUH6 cells, the 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, wound healing assay, Transwell experiment, and apoptosis assay were performed to explore the role of SERPINE2 in HB progress. Results Upregulation of SERPINE2 was found in HB tissues and was associated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, the SERPINE2 expression was related to tumor size, vascular invasion, and tumor metastasis. The Cox regressions show that high SERPINE2 expression is an independent risk factor for HB. SERPINE2 overexpression remarkably enhanced HB cell migration and invasion and suppressed apoptosis, while knockdown of SERPINE2 exerted the opposite effect. In addition, SERPINE2 facilitated the epithelial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT) phenotype of HB cells in vitro. Conclusion Our findings indicated that SERPINE2 accelerates HB progression, suggesting that SERPINE2 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and an underlying therapeutic target for HB.
Collapse
|
7
|
Venisse L, François D, Madjène C, Brouwers E, de Raucourt E, Boulaftali Y, Declerck P, Arocas V, Bouton MC. Novel ELISA for the specific detection of protease NEXIN-1 in human biological samples. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12756. [PMID: 35865733 PMCID: PMC9294866 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Serpin E2 or protease nexin‐1 (PN‐1) is a glycoprotein belonging to the serpin superfamily, whose function is closely linked to its ability to inhibit thrombin and proteases of the plasminergic system. Objectives In the absence of specific quantitative methods, an ELISA for the quantification of human PN‐1 was characterized and used in biological fluids. Methods The ELISA for human PN‐1 was developed using two monoclonal antibodies raised against human recombinant PN‐1. PN‐1 was quantified in plasma, serum, platelet secretion from controls and patients with hemophilia A and in conditioned medium of aortic tissue. Results A linear dose–response curve was observed between 2 and 35 ng/mL human PN‐1. Intra‐ and interassay coefficients of variation were 6.2% and 11.1%, respectively. Assay recoveries of PN‐1 added to biological samples were ≈95% in plasma, ≈97% in platelet reaction buffer, and ≈93% in RPMI cell culture medium. Levels of PN‐1 secreted from activated human platelets from controls was similar to that of patients with hemophilia A. PN‐1 could be detected in conditioned media of aneurysmal aorta but not in that of control aorta. Conclusion This is the first fully characterized ELISA for human serpin E2 level in biological fluids. It may constitute a relevant novel tool for further investigations on the pathophysiological role of serpin E2 in a variety of clinical studies. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Venisse
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148-LVTS Paris France
| | - Déborah François
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148-LVTS Paris France
| | - Célina Madjène
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148-LVTS Paris France
| | - Els Brouwers
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Emmanuelle de Raucourt
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148-LVTS Paris France.,Département d'Hématologie Hôpital Beaujon Clichy France.,Centre de Traitement de l'Hémophilie Hôpital Mignot Le Chesnay France
| | - Yacine Boulaftali
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148-LVTS Paris France
| | - Paul Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Véronique Arocas
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148-LVTS Paris France
| | - Marie-Christine Bouton
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148-LVTS Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sivasudhan E, Blake N, Lu ZL, Meng J, Rong R. Dynamics of m6A RNA Methylome on the Hallmarks of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642443. [PMID: 33869193 PMCID: PMC8047153 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data consistently rank hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, often posing severe economic burden on health care. While the molecular etiopathogenesis associated with genetic and epigenetic modifications has been extensively explored, the biological influence of the emerging field of epitranscriptomics and its associated aberrant RNA modifications on tumorigenesis is a largely unexplored territory with immense potential for discovering new therapeutic approaches. In particular, the underlying cellular mechanisms of different hallmarks of hepatocarcinogenesis that are governed by the complex dynamics of m6A RNA methylation demand further investigation. In this review, we reveal the up-to-date knowledge on the mechanistic and functional link between m6A RNA methylation and pathogenesis of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enakshi Sivasudhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Blake
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zhi-Liang Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rong Rong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
High expression level of serpin peptidase inhibitor clade E member 2 is associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Respir Res 2020; 21:331. [PMID: 33317533 PMCID: PMC7737331 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have revealed that serpin peptidase inhibitor clade E member 2 (SERPINE2) is associated with tumorigenesis. However, SERPINE2 expression and its role in lung adenocarcinomas are still unknown. Methods The expression levels of SERPINE2 in 74 consecutively resected lung adenocarcinomas were analyzed by using immunostaining. Inhibition of SERPINE2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) was detected by quantitative PCR. Cell number assays and cell apoptosis assays were performed to clarify the cell-autonomous function of SERPINE2 in A549 and PC9 lung cancer cells. Results The overall survival of patients with high SERPINE2 expression was significantly worse than that of patients with low SERPINE2 expression (P = 0.0172). Multivariate analysis revealed that SERPINE2 expression was an independent factor associated with poor prognosis (P = 0.03237). The interference of SERPINE2 decreased cell number and increased apoptosis in A549 and PC9 cells Conclusion These results suggest that SERPINE2 can be used as a novel prognostic marker of lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ward Rashidi MR, Mehta P, Bregenzer M, Raghavan S, Fleck EM, Horst EN, Harissa Z, Ravikumar V, Brady S, Bild A, Rao A, Buckanovich RJ, Mehta G. Engineered 3D Model of Cancer Stem Cell Enrichment and Chemoresistance. Neoplasia 2019; 21:822-836. [PMID: 31299607 PMCID: PMC6624324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal dissemination of ovarian cancers is preceded by the development of chemoresistant tumors with malignant ascites. Despite the high levels of chemoresistance and relapse observed in ovarian cancers, there are no in vitro models to understand the development of chemoresistance in situ. Method: We describe a highly integrated approach to establish an in vitro model of chemoresistance and stemness in ovarian cancer, using the 3D hanging drop spheroid platform. The model was established by serially passaging non-adherent spheroids. At each passage, the effectiveness of the model was evaluated via measures of proliferation, response to treatment with cisplatin and a novel ALDH1A inhibitor. Concomitantly, the expression and tumor initiating capacity of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) was analyzed. RNA-seq was used to establish gene signatures associated with the evolution of tumorigenicity, and chemoresistance. Lastly, a mathematical model was developed to predict the emergence of CSCs during serial passaging of ovarian cancer spheroids. Results: Our serial passage model demonstrated increased cellular proliferation, enriched CSCs, and emergence of a platinum resistant phenotype. In vivo tumor xenograft assays indicated that later passage spheroids were significantly more tumorigenic with higher CSCs, compared to early passage spheroids. RNA-seq revealed several gene signatures supporting the emergence of CSCs, chemoresistance, and malignant phenotypes, with links to poor clinical prognosis. Our mathematical model predicted the emergence of CSC populations within serially passaged spheroids, concurring with experimentally observed data. Conclusion: Our integrated approach illustrates the utility of the serial passage spheroid model for examining the emergence and development of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer in a controllable and reproducible format.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Ward Rashidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Bregenzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elyse M Fleck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric N Horst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zainab Harissa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Visweswaran Ravikumar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Brady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrea Bild
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Cancer Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Director of Ovarian Cancer Research, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA..
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sher AA, Glover KKM, Coombs KM. Zika Virus Infection Disrupts Astrocytic Proteins Involved in Synapse Control and Axon Guidance. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:596. [PMID: 30984137 PMCID: PMC6448030 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The first human Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak was reported in Micronesia in 2007, followed by one in Brazil in 2015. Recent studies have reported cases in Europe, Oceania and Latin America. In 2016, ZIKV transmission was also reported in the US and the World Health Organization declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Because various neurological conditions are associated with ZIKV, such as microcephaly, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and other disorders of both the central and peripheral nervous systems, including encephalopathy, (meningo)encephalitis and myelitis, and because of the lack of reliable patient diagnosis, numerous ongoing studies seek to understand molecular mechanisms underlying ZIKV pathogenesis. Astrocytes are one of the most abundant cells in the CNS. They control axonal guidance, synaptic signaling, neurotransmitter trafficking and maintenance of neurons, and are targeted by ZIKV. In this study, we used a newly developed multiplexed aptamer-based technique (SOMAScan) to examine > 1300 human astrocyte cell proteins. We identified almost 300 astrocyte proteins significantly dysregulated by ZIKV infection that span diverse functions and signaling pathways, including protein translation, synaptic control, cell migration and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Affan A Sher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kathleen K M Glover
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kevin M Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kjeldsen E. A Novel Acquired t(2;4)(q36.1;q24) with a Concurrent Submicroscopic del(4)(q23q24) in An Adult with Polycythemia Vera. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070214. [PMID: 29941837 PMCID: PMC6071118 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycythemia vera (PV) is a clonal myeloid stem cell disease characterized by a growth-factor independent erythroid proliferation with an inherent tendency to transform into overt acute myeloid malignancy. Approximately 95% of the PV patients harbor the JAK2V617F mutation while less than 35% of the patients harbor cytogenetic abnormalities at the time of diagnosis. Methods and Results: Here we present a JAK2V617F positive PV patient where G-banding revealed an apparently balanced t(2;4)(q35;q21), which was confirmed by 24-color karyotyping. Oligonucleotide array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) analysis revealed an interstitial 5.4 Mb large deletion at 4q23q24. Locus-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses confirmed the mono-allelic 4q deletion and that it was located on der(4)t(2;4). Additional locus-specific bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) probes and mBanding refined the breakpoint on chromosome 2. With these methods the karyotype was revised to 46,XX,t(2;4)(q36.1;q24)[18]/46,XX[7]. Conclusions: This is the first report on a PV patient associated with an acquired novel t(2;4)(q36.1;q24) and a concurrent submicroscopic deletion del(4)(q23q24). The study also underscores the benefit of combined usage of FISH and oligo-based aCGH analysis in characterizing chromosomal abnormalities. The present findings provide additional clues to unravel important molecular pathways in PV to obtain the full spectrum of acquired chromosomal and genomic aberrations, which eventually may improve treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eigil Kjeldsen
- Cancer Cytogenetic Section, HemoDiagnostic Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|