1
|
Li X, Guan J, Jiang Z, Cheng S, Hou W, Yao J, Wang Z. Microglial Exosome miR-7239-3p Promotes Glioma Progression by Regulating Circadian Genes. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:497-510. [PMID: 33528793 PMCID: PMC8055789 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma-associated microglial cells, a key component of the tumor microenvironment, play an important role in glioma progression. In this study, the mouse glioma cell line GL261 and the mouse microglia cell line BV2 were chosen. First, circadian gene expression in glioma cells co-cultured with either M1 or M2 microglia was assessed and the exosomes of M2-polarized and unpolarized BV-2 microglia were extracted. Subsequently, we labeled the exosomes with PKH67 and treated GL261 cells with them to investigate the exosome distribution. GL261 cell phenotypes and related protein expression were used to explore the role of M2 microglial exosomes in gliomas. Then a specific miR-7239-3p inhibitor was added to verify miR-7239-3p functions. Finally, the mouse subcutaneous tumorigenic model was used to verify the tumorigenic effect of M2 microglial exosomes in vivo. Our results showed that in gliomas co-cultured with M2 microglia, the expression of the BMAL1 protein was decreased (P < 0.01), while the expression of the CLOCK protein was increased (P < 0.05); opposite results were obtained in gliomas co-cultured with M1 microglia. After treatment with M2 microglial exosomes, the apoptosis of GL261 cells decreased (P < 0.001), while the viability, proliferation, and migration of GL261 cells increased. Increased expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin, and decreased E-cadherin expression occurred upon treatment with M2 microglial exosomes. Addition of an miR-7239-3p inhibitor to M2 microglial exosomes reversed these results. In summary, we found that miR-7239-3p in the glioma microenvironment is recruited to glioma cells by exosomes and inhibits Bmal1 expression. M2 microglial exosomes promote the proliferation and migration of gliomas by regulating tumor-related protein expression and reducing apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuepei Li
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Medical Simulation Center, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junwen Guan
- Neurosurgery Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuting Cheng
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wang Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 410000, China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De A, Beligala DH, Sharma VP, Burgos CA, Lee AM, Geusz ME. Cancer stem cell generation during epithelial-mesenchymal transition is temporally gated by intrinsic circadian clocks. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:617-635. [PMID: 32816185 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-020-10051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key event preceding tumor cell metastasis that increases cell invasiveness and cancer stem cell (CSC) populations. Studies suggest that genes used in generating circadian rhythms also serve in regulating EMT. To test the role of circadian clocks in cellular EMT events two cancer cell lines were compared, one that has a well-established circadian clock, C6 from rat glioma, and one that does not, MCF-7 from human breast tumor. MCF-7 tumorsphere cultures were tested for evidence of circadian rhythms because of previously reported circadian rhythm enhancement in C6 tumorspheres shown by elevated rhythm amplitude and increased expression of circadian clock gene Per2. Bioluminescence imaging of Per2 gene expression in MCF-7 tumorspheres revealed a previously unconfirmed circadian clock in this important cancer research model. Inducing CSC generation through EMT in C6 and MCF-7 monolayer cultures revealed circadian oscillations in the size of the post-EMT CSC population, confirming that circadian rhythms are additional processes controlling this stage of cancer progression. EMT was verified by distinct cellular morphological changes and expression of stem cell proteins OCT4, nestin, MSI1, and CD133 along with EMT-related proteins ZEB1, vimentin, and TWIST. Quantifying single-cell events and behaviors through time-lapse imaging indicated the post-EMT population size was determined largely by circadian rhythms in epithelial-like cancer cells undergoing EMT. We then identified a specific phase of the circadian rhythm in Per2 gene activation as a potential target for therapeutic treatments that may suppress EMT, minimize CSCs, and limit metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan De
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, 217 Life Science Bldg., Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dilshan H Beligala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, 217 Life Science Bldg., Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Vishal P Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, 217 Life Science Bldg., Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
- Celsee, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Christian A Burgos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, 217 Life Science Bldg., Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Angelia M Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, 217 Life Science Bldg., Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Michael E Geusz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, 217 Life Science Bldg., Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ilan Y. Overcoming Compensatory Mechanisms toward Chronic Drug Administration to Ensure Long-Term, Sustainable Beneficial Effects. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:335-344. [PMID: 32671136 PMCID: PMC7341037 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic administration of drugs leads to the activation of compensatory mechanisms that may inhibit some of their activity and induce unwanted toxicity. These mechanisms are an obstacle for maintaining a sustainable effect for many chronic medications. Pathways that adapt to the burden induced by chronic drugs, whether or not related to the underlying disease, can lead to a partial or complete loss of effect. Variability characterizes many biological systems and manifests itself as large intra- and inter-individual differences in the response to drugs. Circadian rhythm-based chronotherapy is further associated with variability in responses noted among patients. This paper reviews current knowledge regarding the loss of effect of chronic medications and the range of variabilities that have been described in responses and loss of responses. Establishment of a personalized platform for overcoming these prohibitive mechanisms is presented as a model for ensuring long-term sustained medication effects. This novel platform implements personalized variability signatures and individualized circadian rhythms for preventing and opposing the prohibitive effect of the compensatory mechanisms induced by chronic drug administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, IL91120 Jerusalem, Israel
- Corresponding author: Yaron Ilan, MD, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, POB 1200, IL91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|