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Patil D, Raut S, Joshi M, Bhatt P, Bhatt LK. PAQR4 oncogene: a novel target for cancer therapy. Med Oncol 2024; 41:161. [PMID: 38767705 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite decades of basic and clinical research and trials of promising new therapies, cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to the emergence of drug resistance to anticancer drugs. These resistance events have a very well-understood underlying mechanism, and their therapeutic relevance has long been recognized. Thus, drug resistance continues to be a major obstacle to providing cancer patients with the intended "cure". PAQR4 (Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor Family Member 4) gene is a recently identified novel protein-coding gene associated with various human cancers and acts through different signaling pathways. PAQR4 has a significant influence on multiple proteins that may regulate various gene expressions and may develop chemoresistance. This review discusses the roles of PAQR4 in tumor immunity, carcinogenesis, and chemoresistance. This paper is the first review, discussing PAQR4 in the pathogenesis of cancer. The review further explores the PAQR4 as a potential target in various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Swapnil Raut
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Mitesh Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be University), Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
| | - Purvi Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be University), Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Patterns of Immunohistochemical Expression of P53, BCL2, PTEN, and HER2/neu Tumor Markers in Specific Breast Cancer Lesions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2026284. [PMID: 36299777 PMCID: PMC9592210 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2026284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to associate the expression of P53, BCL2, PTEN, and HER2/neu tumor markers in specific breast cancer lesions. Methods This study analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of P53, BCL2, PTEN, and HER2/neu tumor markers for 306 patients who presented with lesions. Tissue blocks and patients' identification data were retrieved from the department of pathology, AL Madinah Almonwarah hospital, Al Madinah, UAE. Results Of the 306 patients, 104 had benign lesions and 202 had malignancy (including 194 females and 6 males). Most females were presented with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), followed by infiltrating ductal carcinoma, and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), representing 70%, 23.2%, and 3.7%, respectively. Positive P53, BCL2, PTEN, and HER2 were identified in 20.8%, 11.9%, 91%, and 18.3%, respectively. Conclusion : The expression of P53, BCL2, PTEN, and HER2/neu tumor markers among Saudi patients with breast cancer is relatively similar in many parts of the world.
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Eugin Simon S, Ahmed U, Saad SM, Anwar A, Khan KM, Tan EW, Tan KO. New synthetic phenylquinazoline derivatives induce apoptosis by targeting the pro-survival members of the BCL-2 family. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 67:128731. [PMID: 35421577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chemo-resistant cancer cells acquire robust growth potential through cell signaling mechanisms such as the down-regulation of tumor suppressors and the up-regulation of pro-survival proteins, respectively. To overcome chemo-resistance of cancer, small molecule drugs that interact with the cell signaling proteins to enhance sensitization of cancer cells toward cancer therapies are likely to be effective for the treatment of chemo-drug resistant cancer. To identify high potency small molecules, a series of ten novel phenylquinazoline derivatives were synthesized to determine their cellular effects in MCF-7 and MCF-7- cisplatin-resistant (CR) human breast cancer cells which led to the identification of two bioactive compounds, SMS-IV-20 and SMS-IV-40, that exhibited an elevated level of cytotoxicity against the human breast cancer cells and spheroid cells. In addition, both compounds enhanced chemo-sensitization of the human breast cancer cells that were genetically engineered to express the tumor suppressor and pro-apoptotic proteins, MOAP-1, Bax, and RASSF1a (MBR), suggesting that the compounds interact with the MBR signaling pathway. Furthermore, when MCF-7-CR cells were treated with SMS-IV-20 and SMS-IV-40 in the presence of ABT-737, a BCL-XL and BCL-2 inhibitor, enhanced chemo-sensitization was observed, suggesting SMS-IV-20 and SMS-IV-40 exert antagonistic activity to regulate the functional activity of BCL-2 and BCL-XL. Western blot analysis showed that both SMS-IV-20 and SMS-IV-40 induced down-regulation of BCL-2 or both BCl-2 and BCL-XL expression, respectively while promoting the release of mitochondrial Cytochrome C. Taken together, the data showed that SMS-IV-20 and SMS-IV-40 are potent activators of apoptosis that enhance chemo-sensitization through their antagonistic actions on the pro-survival activity of the BCl-2 family in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Eugin Simon
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Usman Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ee Wern Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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García-García VA, Alameda JP, Page A, Mérida-García A, Navarro M, Tejero A, Paramio JM, García-Fernández RA, Casanova ML. IKKα Induces Epithelial–Mesenchymal Changes in Mouse Skin Carcinoma Cells That Can Be Partially Reversed by Apigenin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031375. [PMID: 35163299 PMCID: PMC8836221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NMSC (non-melanoma skin cancer) is a common tumor in the Caucasian population, accounting for 90% of skin cancers. Among them, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) can metastasize and, due to its high incidence, constitute a severe health problem. It has been suggested that cutaneous SCCs with more risk to metastasize express high levels of nuclear IKKα. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to this enhanced aggressiveness are largely unknown. To understand in depth the influence of nuclear IKKα in skin SCC progression, we have generated murine PDVC57 skin carcinoma cells expressing exogenous IKKα either in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm to further distinguish the tumor properties of IKKα in both localizations. Our results show that IKKα promotes changes in both subcellular compartments, resembling EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition), which are more pronounced when IKKα is in the nucleus of these tumor cells. These EMT-related changes include a shift toward a migratory phenotype and induction of the expression of proteins involved in cell matrix degradation, cell survival and resistance to apoptosis. Additionally, we have found that apigenin, a flavonoid with anti-cancer properties, inhibits the expression of IKKα and attenuates most of the pro-tumoral EMT changes induced by IKKα in mouse tumor keratinocytes. Nevertheless, we have found that apigenin only inhibits the expression of the IKKα protein when it is localized in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica A. García-García
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.G.-G.); (J.P.A.); (A.P.); (A.M.-G.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (J.M.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefa P. Alameda
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.G.-G.); (J.P.A.); (A.P.); (A.M.-G.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (J.M.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angustias Page
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.G.-G.); (J.P.A.); (A.P.); (A.M.-G.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (J.M.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Mérida-García
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.G.-G.); (J.P.A.); (A.P.); (A.M.-G.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (J.M.P.)
- Complejo Asistencial de Zamora, 49022 Zamora, Spain
| | - Manuel Navarro
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.G.-G.); (J.P.A.); (A.P.); (A.M.-G.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (J.M.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Tejero
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.G.-G.); (J.P.A.); (A.P.); (A.M.-G.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Jesús M. Paramio
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.G.-G.); (J.P.A.); (A.P.); (A.M.-G.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (J.M.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa A. García-Fernández
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Facultad de Veterinaria, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - M. Llanos Casanova
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.G.-G.); (J.P.A.); (A.P.); (A.M.-G.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (J.M.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Making Sense of Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Targeting Bcl-2. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010097. [PMID: 35056993 PMCID: PMC8778715 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family, comprised of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, regulates the delicate balance between programmed cell death and cell survival. The Bcl-2 family is essential in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, but also a key culprit in tumorigenesis. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, the founding member of this family, was discovered due to its dysregulated expression in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Bcl-2 is a central protagonist in a wide range of human cancers, promoting cell survival, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance; this has prompted the development of Bcl-2-targeting drugs. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) are highly specific nucleic acid polymers used to modulate target gene expression. Over the past 25 years several Bcl-2 ASO have been developed in preclinical studies and explored in clinical trials. This review will describe the history and development of Bcl-2-targeted ASO; from initial attempts, optimizations, clinical trials undertaken and the promising candidates at hand.
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Matasariu DR, Lozneanu L, Dumitraşcu I, Grigore M, Cristofor AE, Mandici CE, Bujor IE, Ursache A, Brăila AD, Bauşic A, Micu R. Hormonal, apoptotic, proliferative and inflammatory markers' expression in Desogestrel-treated women with ovarian endometriosis. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2022; 63:137-144. [PMID: 36074677 PMCID: PMC9593118 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.63.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a relatively frequent pathology in gynecological practice. We performed an analysis to demonstrate the molecular changes that occur in endometriosis synthetic progestin-treated patients, hoping to sketch a possible pathophysiological pathway that will help us to better understand and treat this debilitating disease. We conducted a prospective study that included a group of 40 women, evaluated in our hospital between 2020-2021. We evaluated immunohistochemical tissue expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein, Ki-67, and serum levels of osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with ovarian endometrioma with and without progestin treatment. Our study revealed that Desogestrel treatment increases OPN serum levels, PR and Bcl-2 tissue expression and reduces VEGF serum levels and Ki-67 tissue expression. The results we have obtained are very interesting because the serum levels of OPN seem to be more influenced by progestin treatment, than by endometriosis itself. The study we have conducted gives a molecular complex view of what endometriosis represents and on how Desogestrel treatment works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela-Roxana Matasariu
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Ludmila Lozneanu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I – Histology, Pathology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Sf. Spiridon Emergency County Hospital, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Irina Dumitraşcu
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Grigore
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Elena Cristofor
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Cristina Elena Mandici
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Iuliana-Elena Bujor
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ursache
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Anca Daniela Brăila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital, Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandra Bauşic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prof. Dr. Panait Sîrbu Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Romeo Micu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regina Maria Maternity, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Therapeutic Silencing of BCL-2 Using NK Cell-Derived Exosomes as a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102397. [PMID: 34063475 PMCID: PMC8156181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 is correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression in breast cancer and plays an important role for disease pathophysiology. Here, we conceptualized a novel treatment strategy by targeting ER+ breast cancer with NK cell-derived exosomes used as a carrier for BCL-2 targeted siRNAs. With this new approach, we successfully enhanced killing ability of NK cell derived exosomes by silencing of BCL-2 overexpression. Abstract Overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 is frequently observed in multiple malignancies, including about 85% of patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. Besides being studied as a prognostic marker, BCL-2 is investigated as a therapeutic target in ER+ breast cancer. Here, we introduce a new exosome-based strategy to target BCL-2 using genetically modified natural killer (NK) cells. The NK cell line NK92MI was lentivirally transduced to express and load BCL-2 siRNAs (siBCL-2) into exosomes (NKExos) and then evaluated for its potential to treat ER+ breast cancer. Transfected NK92MI cells produced substantial levels of BCL-2 siRNAs, without substantially affecting NK cell viability or effector function and led to loading of siBCL-2 in NKExos. Remarkably, targeting BCL-2 via siBCL-2 NKExos led to enhanced intrinsic apoptosis in breast cancer cells, without affecting non-malignant cells. Together, our prototypical results for BCL-2 in breast cancer provide proof of concept for a novel strategy to utilize NKExos as a natural delivery vector for siRNA targeting of oncogenes.
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Torres-Martinez Z, Delgado Y, Ferrer-Acosta Y, Suarez-Arroyo IJ, Joaquín-Ovalle FM, Delinois LJ, Griebenow K. Key genes and drug delivery systems to improve the efficiency of chemotherapy. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:163-191. [PMID: 34142021 PMCID: PMC8208690 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can develop resistance to anticancer drugs, thereby becoming tolerant to treatment through different mechanisms. The biological mechanisms leading to the generation of anticancer treatment resistance include alterations in transmembrane proteins, DNA damage and repair mechanisms, alterations in target molecules, and genetic responses, among others. The most common anti-cancer drugs reported to develop resistance to cancer cells include cisplatin, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and fluorouracil. These anticancer drugs have different mechanisms of action, and specific cancer types can be affected by different genes. The development of drug resistance is a cellular response which uses differential gene expression, to enable adaptation and survival of the cell to diverse threatening environmental agents. In this review, we briefly look at the key regulatory genes, their expression, as well as the responses and regulation of cancer cells when exposed to anticancer drugs, along with the incorporation of alternative nanocarriers as treatments to overcome anticancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zally Torres-Martinez
- Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico- Rio Piedras campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Yamixa Delgado
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR 00726, USA
| | - Yancy Ferrer-Acosta
- Neuroscience Department, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00956, USA
| | | | - Freisa M Joaquín-Ovalle
- Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico- Rio Piedras campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Louis J Delinois
- Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico- Rio Piedras campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Kai Griebenow
- Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico- Rio Piedras campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
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Co-Chaperone Bag-1 Plays a Role in the Autophagy-Dependent Cell Survival through Beclin 1 Interaction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040854. [PMID: 33561998 PMCID: PMC7914623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression levels of the major mammalian autophagy regulator Beclin 1 and its interaction with Bcl-2 regulate the switch between autophagic cell survival and apoptotic cell death pathways. However, some of the regulators and the precise mechanisms of these processes still remain elusive. Bag-1 (Bcl-2 associated athanogene-1), a member of BAG family proteins, is a multifunctional pro-survival molecule that possesses critical functions in vital cellular pathways. Herein, we report the role of Bag-1 on Bcl-2/Beclin 1 crosstalk through indirectly interacting with Beclin 1. Pull-down experiments suggested a molecular interaction between Bag-1 and Beclin 1 in breast cancer cell lines. On the other hand, in vitro binding assays showed that Bag-1/Beclin 1 interaction does not occur directly but occurs through a mediator molecule. Bag-1 interaction with p-Beclin 1 (T119), indicator of early autophagy, is increased during nutrient starvation suggesting involvement of Bag-1 in the autophagic regulation. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Bag-1 knock-out in MCF-7 cells hampered cell survival and proliferation and resulted in decreased levels of total LC3 under starvation. Collectively, we suggest that Bag-1 modulates cell survival/death decision through maintaining macroautophagy as a component of Beclin 1-associated complexes.
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Afshari H, Nourbakhsh M, Salehi N, Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Zarghi A, Noori S. STAT3-mediated Apoptotic-enhancing Function of Sclareol Against Breast Cancer Cells and Cell Sensitization to Cyclophosphamide. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 19:398-412. [PMID: 32922496 PMCID: PMC7462487 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112587.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sclareol is an organic compound with potential anti-tumor effects against various cancer types. However, its precise molecular mechanism in the suppression of tumor growth has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of sclareol with cyclophosphamide were investigated in breast cancer cells and the involvement of the JAK/STAT pathway was evaluated. For this purpose, MCF-7 breast cancer cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of sclareol to determine its IC50. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of annexin V binding. Gene and protein expression were examined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The activity of caspase enzymes was also measured. The results showed that sclareol significantly reduced cell viability and triggered cell death and its co-administration with cyclophosphamide enhanced its anti-cancer properties. Additionally, sclareol up-regulated the expression of p53 and BAX and reduced the expression of Bcl-2. Docking studies indicated an interaction between sclareol and STAT3 which was proved by attenuation of STAT3 phosphorylation after treatment of the cells with sclareol. Sclareol was also capable of suppressing the function of IL-6 in modulating the expression of apoptosis-associated genes. Altogether these data suggest the potential of sclareol as an anti-cancer agent and demonstrate that a combination of sclareol with cyclophosphamide might serve as an effective chemotherapeutic approach resulting in improvements in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Afshari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Salehi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahboubi-Rabbani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu L, Yang L, Chang H, Chen YN, Zhang F, Feng S, Peng J, Ren CC, Zhang XA. CP‑31398 attenuates endometrial cancer cell invasion, metastasis and resistance to apoptosis by downregulating MDM2 expression. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:942-954. [PMID: 30628640 PMCID: PMC6365028 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies of the female reproductive system, and metastasis is a major cause of mortality. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of CP-31398 in the migration, invasion and apoptosis of EC cells by its regulation of the expression of the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) gene. For this purpose, EC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected, and the positive expression rate of MDM2 in these tissues was assessed. Subsequently, the cellular 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of CP-31398 was measured. The EC RL95-2 and KLE cell lines had a higher MDM2 expression and were thus selected for use in subsequent experiments. The EC cells were then treated with CP-31398 (2 µg/ml), and were transfected with siRNA against MDM2 or an MDM2 overexpression plasmid in order to examine the effects of CP-31398 and MDM2 on EC cell activities. The expression of p53, p21, Bad, Bax, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cytochrome c (Cyt-c), caspase-3, Cox-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 was measured to further confirm the effects of CP-31398 on cell migration, invasion and apoptosis. Our results indicated that MDM2 was highly expressed in EC tissues. Notably, EC cell viability decreased with the increasing concentrations of CP-31398. The EC cells treated with CP-31398 or siRNA against MDM2 exhibited an increased apoptosis and a suppressed migration and invasion, corresponding to an increased expression of p53, p21, Bad, Bax, Cyt-c and caspase-3, as well as to a decreased expression of Bcl-2, Cox-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, treatment with CP-31398 and siRNA against MDM2 further enhanced these effects. Taken together, the findings of this study indicate that the CP-31398-mediated downregulation of MDM2 may suppress EC progression via its inhibitory role in EC cell migration, invasion and resistance to apoptosis. Therefore, treatment with CP-31398 may prove to be possible therapeutic strategy for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chang
- Laboratory of Tumor Precision Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Nan Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Chen Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-An Zhang
- Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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