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Zhu X, Zhang L, Feng D, Jiang L, Sun P, Zhao C, Zhang X, Xu J. A LY6E-PHB1-TRIM21 assembly degrades CD14 protein to mitigate LPS-induced inflammatory response. iScience 2023; 26:106808. [PMID: 37250795 PMCID: PMC10209397 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A major theme of host against invading pathogens lies in multiple regulatory nodes that ensure sufficient signals for protection while avoiding excessive signals toward over-inflammation. The TLR4/MD-2/CD14 complex receptor-mediated response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) represents a paradigm for understanding the proper control of anti-pathogen innate immunity. In this study, we studied the mechanism by which the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked LY6E protein constrains LPS response via downregulating CD14. We first showed that LY6E downregulated CD14 via ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. The subsequent profiling of LY6E protein interactome led to the revelation that the degradation of CD14 by LY6E requires PHB1, which interacts with CD14 in a LY6E-dependent manner. Finally, we identified the PHB1-interacting TRIM21 as the major ubiquitin E3 ligase for the LY6E-mediated ubiquitination of CD14. Together, our study elucidated the molecular basis of LY6E-mediated governance of LPS response, alongside providing new insights to regulatory mechanisms controlling the homeostasis of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China
| | - Linxia Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China
| | - Daobin Feng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China
- Clinical Center of Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Tritschler H, Fischer K, Seissler J, Fiedler J, Halbgebauer R, Huber-Lang M, Schnieke A, Brenner RE. New Insights into Xenotransplantation for Cartilage Repair: Porcine Multi-Genetically Modified Chondrocytes as a Promising Cell Source. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082152. [PMID: 34440921 PMCID: PMC8394410 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of xenogenic porcine chondrocytes could represent a future strategy for the treatment of human articular cartilage defects. Major obstacles are humoral and cellular rejection processes triggered by xenogenic epitopes like α-1,3-Gal and Neu5Gc. Besides knockout (KO) of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of respective epitopes (GGTA1 and CMAH), transgenic expression of human complement inhibitors and anti-apoptotic as well as anti-inflammatory factors (CD46, CD55, CD59, TNFAIP3 and HMOX1) could synergistically prevent hyperacute xenograft rejection. Therefore, chondrocytes from different strains of single- or multi-genetically modified pigs were characterized concerning their protection from xenogeneic complement activation. Articular chondrocytes were isolated from the knee joints of WT, GalTKO, GalT/CMAH-KO, human CD59/CD55//CD46/TNFAIP3/HMOX1-transgenic (TG), GalTKO/TG and GalT/CMAHKO/TG pigs. The tissue-specific effectiveness of the genetic modifications was tested on gene, protein and epitope expression level or by functional assays. After exposure to 20% and 40% normal human serum (NHS), deposition of C3b/iC3b/C3c and formation of the terminal complement complex (TCC, C5b-9) was quantified by specific cell ELISAs, and generation of the anaphylatoxin C5a by ELISA. Chondrocyte lysis was analyzed by Trypan Blue Exclusion Assay. In all respective KO variants, the absence of α -1,3-Gal and Neu5Gc epitope was verified by FACS analysis. In chondrocytes derived from TG animals, expression of CD55 and CD59 could be confirmed on gene and protein level, TNFAIP3 on gene expression level as well as by functional assays and CD46 only on gene expression level whereas transgenic HMOX1 expression was not evident. Complement activation in the presence of NHS indicated mainly effective although incomplete protection against C3b/iC3b/C3c deposition, C5a-generation and C5b-9 formation being lowest in single GalTKO. Chondrocyte viability under exposure to NHS was significantly improved even by single GalTKO and completely preserved by all other variants including TG chondrocytes without KO of xenoepitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tritschler
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (H.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Konrad Fischer
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; (K.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum—Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 München, Germany;
| | - Jörg Fiedler
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (H.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Rebecca Halbgebauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.H.); (M.H.-L.)
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.H.); (M.H.-L.)
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; (K.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Rolf E. Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (H.T.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-63280
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Shaw SM, Middleton J, Wigglesworth K, Charlemagne A, Schulz O, Glossop MS, Whalen GF, Old R, Westby M, Pickford C, Tabakman R, Carmi-Levy I, Vainstein A, Sorani E, Zur AA, Kristian SA. AGI-134: a fully synthetic α-Gal glycolipid that converts tumors into in situ autologous vaccines, induces anti-tumor immunity and is synergistic with an anti-PD-1 antibody in mouse melanoma models. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:346. [PMID: 31889898 PMCID: PMC6923872 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatments that generate T cell-mediated immunity to a patient’s unique neoantigens are the current holy grail of cancer immunotherapy. In particular, treatments that do not require cumbersome and individualized ex vivo processing or manufacturing processes are especially sought after. Here we report that AGI-134, a glycolipid-like small molecule, can be used for coating tumor cells with the xenoantigen Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc (α-Gal) in situ leading to opsonization with pre-existing natural anti-α-Gal antibodies (in short anti-Gal), which triggers immune cascades resulting in T cell mediated anti-tumor immunity. Methods Various immunological effects of coating tumor cells with α-Gal via AGI-134 in vitro were measured by flow cytometry: (1) opsonization with anti-Gal and complement, (2) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by NK cells, and (3) phagocytosis and antigen cross-presentation by antigen presenting cells (APCs). A viability kit was used to test AGI-134 mediated complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in cancer cells. The anti-tumoral activity of AGI-134 alone or in combination with an anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) antibody was tested in melanoma models in anti-Gal expressing galactosyltransferase knockout (α1,3GT−/−) mice. CDC and phagocytosis data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, ADCC results by paired t-test, distal tumor growth by Mantel–Cox test, C5a data by Mann–Whitney test, and single tumor regression by repeated measures analysis. Results In vitro, α-Gal labelling of tumor cells via AGI-134 incorporation into the cell membrane leads to anti-Gal binding and complement activation. Through the effects of complement and ADCC, tumor cells are lysed and tumor antigen uptake by APCs increased. Antigen associated with lysed cells is cross-presented by CD8α+ dendritic cells leading to activation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. In B16-F10 or JB/RH melanoma models in α1,3GT−/− mice, intratumoral AGI-134 administration leads to primary tumor regression and has a robust abscopal effect, i.e., it protects from the development of distal, uninjected lesions. Combinations of AGI-134 and anti-PD-1 antibody shows a synergistic benefit in protection from secondary tumor growth. Conclusions We have identified AGI-134 as an immunotherapeutic drug candidate, which could be an excellent combination partner for anti-PD-1 therapy, by facilitating tumor antigen processing and increasing the repertoire of tumor-specific T cells prior to anti-PD-1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Shaw
- Agalimmune Ltd., Sandwich, Kent, UK.,BioLineRx Ltd, Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut, Israel
| | - Jenny Middleton
- Agalimmune Ltd., Sandwich, Kent, UK.,BioLineRx Ltd, Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut, Israel
| | - Kim Wigglesworth
- 3Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | | | - Oliver Schulz
- 4Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Giles F Whalen
- 3Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA.,5Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Robert Old
- 6Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ella Sorani
- BioLineRx Ltd, Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut, Israel
| | - Arik A Zur
- BioLineRx Ltd, Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut, Israel
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Zhang F, Ren L, Zhou S, Duan P, Xue J, Chen H, Feng Y, Yue X, Yuan P, Liu Q, Yang P, Lei Y. Role of B-Cell Lymphoma 2 Ovarian Killer (BOK) in Acute Toxicity of Human Lung Epithelial Cells Caused by Cadmium Chloride. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5356-5368. [PMID: 31323016 PMCID: PMC6660808 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) ovarian killer (BOK) is a Bcl-2 family member with sequence homology to pro-apoptotic BAX and BAK, but its physiological and pathological roles remain largely unclear. Exposure of cells to cadmium may cause DNA damage, decrease DNA repair capacity, and increase genomic instability. Material/Methods The present study investigated the effects of BOK on the toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) to human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. We constructed BOK over-expressing (16HBE-BOK) cells and BOK knockdown (16HBE-shBOK) cells using the BOK-ORF plasmid and BOK-siRNA. qRT-PCR for BOK mRNA expression. We used Trypan blue exclusion assay for cell growth, MTT colorimetric assays for cells inhibition rate, and Comet assays for detecting damaged DNA. Results CdCl2, at various concentrations and exposure times, increased BOK mRNA. 16HBE-BOK cells (BOK over-expressing) proliferated more than 16HBE cells after 72 h; 16HBE-shBOK (BOK knockdown) cells proliferated less. In addition, BOK deficiency enhanced cell death induced by CdCl2. Similarly, CdCl2- and H2O2-induced DNA damage was greater in BOK-deficient cells. Conclusions These findings support a role for BOK in CdCl2-induced DNA damage and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Liang Ren
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Peng Duan
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Junchao Xue
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Haiqin Chen
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yufeng Feng
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoxuan Yue
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Piaofan Yuan
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Yang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yixiong Lei
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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