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Han W, Guan W. Valproic Acid: A Promising Therapeutic Agent in Glioma Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:687362. [PMID: 34568018 PMCID: PMC8461314 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.687362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, characterized by infiltrative growth and treatment resistance, is regarded as the most prevalent intracranial malignant tumor. Due to its poor prognosis, accumulating investigation has been performed for improvement of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in glioma patients. Valproic acid (VPA), one of the most common histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), has been detected to directly or synergistically exert inhibitory effects on glioma in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we generalize the latest advances of VPA in treating glioma and its underlying mechanisms and clinical implications, providing a clearer profile for clinical application of VPA as a therapeutic agent for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Xia Q, Liu L, Li Y, Zhang P, Han D, Dong L. Therapeutic Perspective of Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma Treatment. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:627-644. [PMID: 34254870 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1952595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most lethal form of primary brain neoplasm. TMZ is the first-line standard treatment, but the strong resistance constrains the efficacy in clinical use. GB contains glioma stem cells (GSCs), which contribute to TMZ resistance, promote cell survival evolvement, and repopulate the tumor mass. This review summarizes the TMZ-resistance mechanisms and discusses several potential therapies from the conservative opinion of GSC-targeted therapy orientation to the current view of TMZ resistance-aimed efficacy, which will provide an understanding of the role of heterogeneity in drug resistance and improve therapeutic efficacy in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xia
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Da Han
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Valor LM, Hervás-Corpión I. The Epigenetics of Glioma Stem Cells: A Brief Overview. Front Oncol 2020; 10:602378. [PMID: 33344253 PMCID: PMC7738619 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are crucial in the formation, perpetuation and recurrence of glioblastomas (GBs) due to their self-renewal and proliferation properties. Although GSCs share cellular and molecular characteristics with neural stem cells (NSCs), GSCs show unique transcriptional and epigenetic features that may explain their relevant role in GB and may constitute druggable targets for novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we will summarize the most important findings in GSCs concerning epigenetic-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Valor
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Irati Hervás-Corpión
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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Was H, Krol SK, Rotili D, Mai A, Wojtas B, Kaminska B, Maleszewska M. Histone deacetylase inhibitors exert anti-tumor effects on human adherent and stem-like glioma cells. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:11. [PMID: 30654849 PMCID: PMC6337817 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM), a most aggressive primary brain tumor with a median survival of 14.6 months, carries a dismal prognosis. GBMs are characterized by numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations, affecting patient survival and treatment response. Epigenetic mechanisms are deregulated in GBM as a result of aberrant expression/activity of epigenetic enzymes, including histone deacetylases (HDAC) which remove acetyl groups from histones regulating chromatin accessibility. Nevertheless, the impact of class/isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) on glioma cells, including glioma stem cells, had not been systematically determined. Results Comprehensive analysis of the public TCGA dataset revealed the increased expression of HDAC 1, 2, 3, and 7 in malignant gliomas. Knockdown of HDAC 1 and 2 in human GBM cells significantly decreased cell proliferation. We tested the activity of 2 new and 3 previously described HDACi with different class/isoform selectivity on human GBM cells. All tested compounds exerted antiproliferative properties on glioma cells. However, the HDACi 1 and 4 blocked proliferation of glioblastoma cells leading to G2/M growth arrest without affecting astrocyte survival. Moreover, 1 and 4 at low micromolar concentrations displayed cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on sphere cultures enriched in glioma stem cells. Conclusions We identified two selective HDAC inhibitors that blocked proliferation of glioblastoma cells, but did not affect astrocyte survival. These new and highly effective inhibitors should be considered as promising candidates for further investigation in preclinical GBM models. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0598-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Was
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Str, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserow Str, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia K Krol
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Str, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Bartosz Wojtas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Str, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Str, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Maleszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Str, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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