1
|
Kato M, Takahashi F, Sato T, Mitsuishi Y, Tajima K, Ihara H, Nurwidya F, Baskoro H, Murakami A, Kobayashi I, Hidayat M, Shimada N, Sasaki S, Mineki R, Fujimura T, Kumasaka T, Niwa SI, Takahashi K. Tranilast Inhibits Pulmonary Fibrosis by Suppressing TGFβ/SMAD2 Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4593-4603. [PMID: 33149556 PMCID: PMC7605600 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s264715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in the lungs. Transforming growth factor (TGF) β-induced ECM protein synthesis contributes to the development of IPF. Tranilast, an anti-allergy drug, suppresses TGFβ expression and inhibits interstitial renal fibrosis in animal models. However, the beneficial effects of tranilast or its mechanism as a therapy for pulmonary fibrosis have not been clarified. Methods We investigated the in vitro effect of tranilast on ECM production and TGFβ/SMAD2 pathway in TGFβ2-stimulated A549 human alveolar epithelial cells, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. In vitro observations were validated in the lungs of a murine pulmonary fibrosis model, which we developed by intravenous injection of bleomycin. Results Treatment with tranilast suppressed the expression of ECM proteins, such as fibronectin and type IV collagen, and attenuated SMAD2 phosphorylation in TGFβ2-stimulated A549 cells. In addition, based on a wound healing assay in these cells, tranilast significantly inhibited cell motility, with foci formation that comprised of ECM proteins. Histological analyses revealed that the administration of tranilast significantly attenuated lung fibrosis in mice. Furthermore, tranilast treatment significantly reduced levels of TGFβ, collagen, fibronectin, and phosphorylated SMAD2 in pulmonary fibrotic tissues in mice. Conclusion These findings suggest that tranilast inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing TGFβ/SMAD2-mediated ECM protein production, presenting tranilast as a promising and novel anti-fibrotic agent for the treatment of IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Mitsuishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Tajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fariz Nurwidya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hario Baskoro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Murakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moulid Hidayat
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Shimada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Mineki
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujimura
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshio Kumasaka
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang F, Sun Y, Bai Y, Li S, Huang L, Li X. Asthma Promotes Choroidal Neovascularization via the Transforming Growth Factor beta1/Smad Signaling Pathway in a Mouse Model. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 65:14-29. [PMID: 32781454 DOI: 10.1159/000510778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and asthma is controversial. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which plays a critical role in asthma, has been extensively studied with regard to its function in choroidal neovascularization (CNV). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of TGF-β and the possible mechanism of CNV formation complicated with asthma and to explore the effect of a TGF-β inhibitor on CNV development in asthma mouse models. METHODS Laser-induced CNV and ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse models were divided into five groups: control group, acute asthma group, chronic asthma group, inhibitor-treated acute asthma group, and inhibitor-treated chronic asthma group. The gene expression patterns of angiogenic cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors and inflammasomes in the control group, acute asthma group and chronic asthma group were detected using a QuantiGene Plex 6.0 Reagent System. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and histology of CNV lesions stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) were performed to evaluate CNV formation. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to assess TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and VEGF expression and Smad2/3, AKT, p38 MAPK, and ERK1/2 signal transduction and phosphorylation in retinal and choroidal tissue from each group. RESULTS In this study, we verified that laser treatment led to more CNV and vascular leakage in asthmatic mice than that in control mice. The changes were particularly notable in the chronic asthma group. The respective TGF-β1, VEGF, and phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) mRNA and protein levels in retinal and choroidal tissue were significantly upregulated in both the acute and chronic asthma groups. After injection of a TGF-β inhibitor, a distinct decline in VEGF, TGF-β1, and p-Smad2/3 protein and mRNA levels was observed, and the mean CNV area also decreased. CONCLUSION We provide new evidence that asthma could be a risk factor for CNV development via the TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway. A TGF-β inhibitor can be applied as a useful, adjunctive therapeutic strategy for preventing CNV formation in asthmatic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital Affiliated Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University & Xiamen Eye Centre of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Magnolol inhibits myotube atrophy induced by cancer cachexia through myostatin signaling pathway in vitro. J Nat Med 2020; 74:741-749. [PMID: 32601830 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex and multifactorial syndrome that influences about 50-80% of cancer patients and may lead to 20% of cancer deaths and muscle atrophy is the key characteristic of the syndrome. Recent researches have shown that myostatin is a negative regulator in the growth and differentiation of skeletal muscle. Herein, C2C12 cancer cachexia model was established with C26 conditioned culture medium (CCM), then treated with magnolol to evaluate the pharmacological activity of magnolol in myotube atrophy. Our results demonstrated that magnolol inhibited the activity of myostatin promotor and the myostatin signaling pathway. In C2C12 cancer cachexia model, magnolol decreased myostatin expression, inhibited the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 activated by C26 conditioned culture medium (CCM), and elevated the phosphorylation of FOXO3a lowered by CCM. Myosin heavy chain (MyHC), myogenin (MyoG), and myogenic differentiation (MyoD), as three common myotube markers in C2C12 myotube, were decreased by CCM, which could be effectively reversed by magnolol via activation of AKT/mTOR-regulated protein synthesis and inhibition of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. This study reveals that magnolol inhibits myotube atrophy induced by CCM by increasing protein synthesis and decreasing ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, so that magnolol is a promising leading compound in treating muscle atrophy induced by cancer cachexia.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pezzuto A, Citarella F, Croghan I, Tonini G. The effects of cigarette smoking extracts on cell cycle and tumor spread: novel evidence. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO394. [PMID: 31205749 PMCID: PMC6556819 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major preventable risk factor for lung cancer, contributing to lung cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, cigarette smoking correlates with increased metastasis frequency of pancreatic, breast and bladder cancer. The aim of this review was to examine the role of cigarette smoke extract in cell cycle and cancer progression. Clinical impact and the effects of cigarette smoke extract on carcinogenesis are discussed. 98 of the over 5000 chemicals in tobacco smoke are known carcinogens that can act on cancer genes such as K-RAS and p53. Through various mechanisms these compounds can activate molecules involved in the cell cycle, such as cyclins, and molecules involved in apoptosis and autophagy, such as Beclin-1 or LC3B. A search of the literature, including in vitro and in vivo studies, was carried out and the results summarized. There is evidence of cancerogenic effects of cigarette smoke compounds. Cigarette smoke extract is a tobacco condensate obtained by filtration processes. Studies have shown that it can modify the cell cycle, inducing uncontrolled cell proliferation. This effect occurs through activation of genetic and epigenetic pathways and increasing the expression of proteins involved in inflammation. The pathways activated by cigarette smoke extract open up opportunities for researchers to develop new targeted therapies toward the specific molecules involved. Furthermore, the effects exerted by cigarette smoke extract on normal epithelial cells hold potential for use in the development of prevention medicine and early cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Pezzuto
- Cardiovascular & Thoracic Department, AOU Sant'Andrea, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Ivana Croghan
- Department of Medicine Clinical Research Office & Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Almutairi M, Mohammad Alhadeq A, Almeer R, Almutairi M, Alzahrani M, Semlali A. Effect of the thymine-DNA glycosylase rs4135050 variant on Saudi smoker population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00590. [PMID: 30779328 PMCID: PMC6465727 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thymine‐DNA glycosylase (TDG) is an essential DNA‐repair enzyme which works in both epigenetic regulation and genome maintenance. It is also responsible for efficient correction of multiple endogenous DNA lesions which occur commonly in mammalian genomes. Research of genetic variants such as SNPs, resulting in disease, is predicted to yield clinical advancements through the identification of sensitive genetic markers and the development of disease prevention and therapy. To that end, the main objective of the present study is to identify the possible interactions between cigarette smoking and the rs4135050 variant of the TDG gene, situated in the intron position, among Saudi individuals. Methods TDG rs4135050 (A/T) was investigated by genotyping 239, and 235 blood specimens were obtained from nonsmokers and smokers of cigarette respectively. Results T allele frequency was found which showed a significant protective effect on Saudi male smokers (OR = 0.64, p = 0.0187) compared to nonsmoking subjects, but not in female smokers. Furthermore, smokers aged less than 29 years, the AT and AT+TT genotypes decreased more than four times the risk of initiation of smoking related‐diseases compare to the ancestral AA homozygous genotype. Paradoxically, the AT (OR = 3.88, p = 0.0169) and AT+TT (OR = 2.86, p = 0.0420) genotypes were present at a higher frequency in smoking patients aged more than 29 years as compared to nonsmokers at the same ages. Conclusion Depending on the gender and age of patients, TDG rs4135050 may provide a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis and prevention of several diseases caused by cigarette smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhlid Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rafa Almeer
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alzahrani
- Biology Department, College of Science, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pectolinarigenin inhibits non‑small cell lung cancer progression by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:3458-3468. [PMID: 30542737 PMCID: PMC6196644 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the principal cause of cancer-associated mortality. Pectolinarigenin (Pec) reportedly has effective antitumor activity against certain cancer types. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a well-known tumor suppressor and serves a vital role in cancer progression. However, the effect of Pec on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation and metastasis, and the underlying mechanism, has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, it was demonstrated that Pec inhibited the proliferation of A549 and Calu-3 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. The apoptosis rate significantly increased with increasing doses of Pec. Apoptosis-associated protein expression was additionally altered by Pec exposure. Pec was able to suppress the metastasis of NSCLC cells; it upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin, and downregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of vimentin. Additionally, Pec was able to activate PTEN and subsequently downregulate the PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. In summary, Pec was able to inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis and suppress metastasis in NSCLC cells through the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, indicating that Pec is a potential agent for NSCLC therapy.
Collapse
|