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Wu J, Chen Y. Unraveling the Connection: Extracellular Vesicles and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:8139-8157. [PMID: 39139506 PMCID: PMC11321355 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s477851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer vesicles released during cell activation, cellular damage, or apoptosis. They carry nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids facilitating intercellular communication and activate signaling pathways in target cells. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), EVs may contribute to tumor growth and metastasis by modulating immune responses, facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and promoting angiogenesis, while potentially contributing to resistance to chemotherapy drugs. EVs in liquid biopsies serve as non-invasive biomarkers for early cancer detection and diagnosis. Due to their small size, inherent molecular transport properties, and excellent biocompatibility, EVs also act as natural drug delivery vehicles in NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Karabay AZ, Ozkan T, Karadag Gurel A, Koc A, Hekmatshoar Y, Sunguroglu A, Aktan F, Buyukbingöl Z. Identification of exosomal microRNAs and related hub genes associated with imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03198-1. [PMID: 38916832 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is a major obstacle in cancer therapy, and identifying novel druggable targets to reverse this phenomenon is essential. The exosome-mediated transmittance of drug resistance has been shown in various cancer models including ovarian and prostate cancer models. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of exosomal miRNA transfer in chronic myeloid leukemia drug resistance. For this purpose, firstly exosomes were isolated from imatinib sensitive (K562S) and resistant (K562R) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells and named as Sexo and Rexo, respectively. Then, miRNA microarray was used to compare miRNA profiles of K562S, K562R, Sexo, Rexo, and Rexo-treated K562S cells. According to our results, miR-125b-5p and miR-99a-5p exhibited increased expression in resistant cells, their exosomes, and Rexo-treated sensitive cells compared to their sensitive counterparts. On the other hand, miR-210-3p and miR-193b-3p were determined to be the two miRNAs which exhibited decreased expression profile in resistant cells and their exosomes compared to their sensitive counterparts. Gene targets, signaling pathways, and enrichment analysis were performed for these miRNAs by TargetScan, KEGG, and DAVID. Potential interactions between gene candidates at the protein level were analyzed via STRING and Cytoscape software. Our findings revealed CCR5, GRK2, EDN1, ARRB1, P2RY2, LAMC2, PAK3, PAK4, and GIT2 as novel gene targets that may play roles in exosomal imatinib resistance transfer as well as mTOR, STAT3, MCL1, LAMC1, and KRAS which are already linked to imatinib resistance. MDR1 mRNA exhibited higher expression in Rexo compared to Sexo as well as in K562S cells treated with Rexo compared to K562S cells which may suggest exosomal transfer of MDR1 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Zeynep Karabay
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Tulin Ozkan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aynur Karadag Gurel
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Asli Koc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yalda Hekmatshoar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asuman Sunguroglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fugen Aktan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Buyukbingöl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Liang H, Zhang L, Zhao X, Rong J. The therapeutic potential of exosomes in lung cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1181-1212. [PMID: 37365450 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common malignancies globally. Besides early detection and surgical resection, there is currently no effective curative treatment for metastatic advanced LC. Exosomes are endogenous nano-extracellular vesicles produced by somatic cells that play an important role in the development and maintenance of normal physiology. Exosomes can carry proteins, peptides, lipids, nucleic acids, and various small molecules for intra- and intercellular material transport or signal transduction. LC cells can maintain their survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis, by producing or interacting with exosomes. Basic and clinical data also show that exosomes can be used to suppress LC cell proliferation and viability, induce apoptosis, and enhance treatment sensitivity. Due to the high stability and target specificity, good biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity of exosomes, they show promise as vehicles of LC therapy. CONCLUSION We have written this comprehensive review to communicate the LC treatment potential of exosomes and their underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that overall, LC cells can exchange substances or crosstalk with themselves or various other cells in the surrounding TME or distant organs through exosomes. Through this, they can modulate their survival, proliferation, stemness, migration, and invasion, EMT, metastasis, and apoptotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 210, BaiTa Street, Hunnan District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Khan NA, Asim M, Biswas KH, Alansari AN, Saman H, Sarwar MZ, Osmonaliev K, Uddin S. Exosome nanovesicles as potential biomarkers and immune checkpoint signaling modulators in lung cancer microenvironment: recent advances and emerging concepts. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:221. [PMID: 37641132 PMCID: PMC10463467 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, and the survival rate remains low despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. The progression of lung cancer is a multifaceted and dynamic phenomenon that encompasses interplays among cancerous cells and their microenvironment, which incorporates immune cells. Exosomes, which are small membrane-bound vesicles, are released by numerous cell types in normal and stressful situations to allow communication between cells. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) possess diverse neo-antigens and cargoes such as proteins, RNA, and DNA and have a unique molecular makeup reflecting tumor genetic complexity. TEXs contain both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory factors and may play a role in immunomodulation by influencing innate and adaptive immune components. Moreover, they transmit signals that contribute to the progression of lung cancer by promoting metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. This makes them a valuable resource for investigating the immune environment of tumors, which could pave the way for the development of non-invasive biomarkers that could aid in the prognosis, diagnosis, and immunotherapy of lung cancer. While immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy has shown promising results in treating initial-stage cancers, most patients eventually develop adaptive resistance over time. Emerging evidence demonstrates that TEXs could serve as a prognostic biomarker for immunotherapeutic response and have a significant impact on both systemic immune suppression and tumor advancement. Therefore, understanding TEXs and their role in lung cancer tumorigenesis and their response to immunotherapies is an exciting research area and needs further investigation. This review highlights the role of TEXs as key contributors to the advancement of lung cancer and their clinical significance in lung immune-oncology, including their possible use as biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and prognosis, as well as emerging shreds of evidence regarding the possibility of using exosomes as targets to improve lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, 3050, Doha, Qatar.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ala-Too International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kabir H Biswas
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amani N Alansari
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Harman Saman
- Department of Medicine, Hazm Maubrairek Hospital, Al-Rayyan, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | | | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute & Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar.
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, UP, India.
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Cheng D, Wang B, Wu L, Chen R, Zhao W, Fang C, Ji M. Exosomal non-coding RNAs-mediated EGFR-TKIs resistance in NSCLC with EGFR mutation. Med Oncol 2023; 40:254. [PMID: 37505345 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The advent of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has significantly improved survival rates of patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, as with other antitumor drugs, resistance to EGFR-TKIs is inevitably develops over time. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a 30-150 nm diameter, have emerged as vital mediators of intercellular communication. Recent studies revealed that exosomes carry non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which contribute to the development of EGFR-TKIs resistance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current research on exosomal ncRNAs mediating EGFR-TKIs resistance in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. In the future, detecting exosome ncRNAs can be used to monitor targeted therapy for NSCLC. Meanwhile, developing therapeutic regimens targeting these resistance mechanisms may provide additional clinical benefits to patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoan Cheng
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China
| | - Banglu Wang
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China
| | - Lige Wu
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China
| | - Weiqing Zhao
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China.
| | - Mei Ji
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China.
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Wei SL, Ye JJ, Sun L, Hu L, Wei YY, Zhang DW, Xu MM, Fei GH. Exosome-derived circKIF20B suppresses gefitinib resistance and cell proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:129. [PMID: 37394466 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gefitinib resistance mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear, albeit exosomal circular RNA (circRNA) is known to possibly play a vital role in it. METHODS We employed high-throughput sequencing techniques to detect the expressions of exosomal circRNA both in gefitinib-resistant and gefitinib-sensitive cells in this study. The circKIF20B expression was determined in serum exosomes and tissues of patients by qRT-PCR. The structure, stability, and intracellular localization of circKIF20B were verified by Sanger sequencing, Ribonuclease R (RNase R)/actinomycin D (ACTD) treatments, and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The functions of circKIF20B were investigated by 5-Ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and xenograft model. Co-culture experiments were performed to explore the potential ability of exosomal circKIF20B in treating gefitinib resistance. The downstream targets of circKIF20B were determined by luciferase assay, RNA pulldown, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). RESULTS We found that circKIF20B was poorly expressed in the serum exosomes of gefitinib-resistant patients (n = 24) and the tumor tissues of patients with NSCLC (n = 85). CircKIF20B was negatively correlated with tumor size and tumor stage. Decreasing circKIF20B was found to promote gefitinib resistance by accelerating the cell cycle, inhibiting apoptosis, and enhancing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas increasing circKIF20B was found to restore gefitinib sensitivity. Mechanistically, circKIF20B is bound to miR-615-3p for regulating the MEF2A and then altering the cell cycle, apoptosis, and mitochondrial OXPHOS. Overexpressing circKIF20B parental cells can restore sensitivity to gefitinib in the recipient cells by upregulating the exosomal circKIF20B expression. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a novel mechanism of circKIF20B/miR-615-3p/MEF2A signaling axis involving progression of gefitinib resistance in NSCLC. Exosomal circKIF20B is expected to be an easily accessible and alternative liquid biopsy candidate and potential therapeutic target in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC. The schematic diagram of mechanism in this study. Exosomal circKIF20B inhibits gefitinib resistance and cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle, promoting apoptosis, and reducing OXPHOS via circKIF20B/miR-615-3p/MEF2A axis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Liang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jing-Jing Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Meng Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Guang-He Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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Paramanantham A, Asfiya R, Das S, McCully G, Srivastava A. Extracellular Vesicle (EVs) Associated Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Cancer and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13637. [PMID: 36362424 PMCID: PMC9655370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, with a very high mortality rate. The precise pathophysiology of lung cancer is not well understood, and pertinent information regarding the initiation and progression of lung cancer is currently a crucial area of scientific investigation. Enhanced knowledge about the disease will lead to the development of potent therapeutic interventions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound heterogeneous populations of cellular entities that are abundantly produced by all cells in the human body, including the tumor cells. A defined class of EVs called small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs or exosomes) carries key biomolecules such as RNA, DNA, Proteins and Lipids. Exosomes, therefore, mediate physiological activities and intracellular communication between various cells, including constituent cells of the tumor microenvironment, namely stromal cells, immunological cells, and tumor cells. In recent years, a surge in studying tumor-associated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been observed. Subsequently, studies have also reported that exosomes abundantly carry different species of ncRNAs and these exosomal ncRNAs are functionally involved in cancer initiation and progression. Here, we discuss the function of exosomal ncRNAs, such as miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in the pathophysiology of lung tumors. Further, the future application of exosomal-ncRNAs in clinics as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer is also discussed due to the multifaceted influence of exosomes on cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjugam Paramanantham
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Rahmat Asfiya
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Siddharth Das
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Grace McCully
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Molecular Docking and Intracellular Translocation of Extracellular Vesicles for Efficient Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112971. [PMID: 36361760 PMCID: PMC9659046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, mediate intercellular communication by delivering their contents, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, to distant target cells. EVs play a role in the progression of several diseases. In particular, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels in exosomes are associated with cancer progression. Furthermore, exosomes are being used for new drug-delivery systems by modifying their membrane peptides to promote their intracellular transduction via micropinocytosis. In this review, we aim to show that an efficient drug-delivery system and a useful therapeutic strategy can be established by controlling the molecular docking and intracellular translocation of exosomes. We summarise the mechanisms of molecular docking of exosomes, the biological effects of exosomes transmitted into target cells, and the current state of exosomes as drug delivery systems.
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Duréndez-Sáez E, Torres-Martinez S, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Meri-Abad M, Ferrero-Gimeno M, Camps C. Exosomal microRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:3128-3139. [PMID: 35116621 PMCID: PMC8798604 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the highest incidence cancer types worldwide and one with the lowest 5-year survival rate of all cancer types. Despite recent insights into lung cancer pathobiology, including novel biomarker-targeted therapies and immunotherapies, most of lung patients are diagnosed at late stages with limited and ineffective treatments. Therefore, more approaches are needed to eradicate lung cancer. In the last years, small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by tumor cells have been gaining relevance. These intercellular signal mediators, called exosomes, contain a huge range of biological elements, including lipids, nucleic acids and miRNAs, among others, that carry relevant information. The role of exosomes in cancer progression is dependent on cancer type, molecular characteristics and stage. MicroRNAs molecules are a big part of the content of exosomes cargo and probably the most studied ones. Due to the regulatory role in gene expression, miRNAs may provide information of the molecular characteristics of the tumor and be also able to reprogram distant target cells. Exosomal miRNAs can modulate different biological processes in cancer such as growth, progression, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance; playing a critical role in modifying the microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, they can act by regulating tumor resistance and also be useful to monitoring the response/relapse to targeted therapies. In this work, we summarize the relevant advances on the potential role of exosomal miRNAs in NSCLC pathobiogenesis, highlighting the clinical utility of exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers for the NSCLC diagnosis, prognosis, drug resistance and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Duréndez-Sáez
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Torres-Martinez
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Meri-Abad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Macarena Ferrero-Gimeno
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Bi H, Ren D, Zhang J, Wang H. [Advances in Exosomes in the Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 23:589-596. [PMID: 32702793 PMCID: PMC7406446 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.104.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of lung cancer is high worldwide, and lung cancer is the leading cause of death from malignant tumors in both men and women. Early diagnosis of lung cancer can significantly improve the patient's prognosis. Therefore, searching for specific markers to assist in the early diagnosis of lung cancer is urgent question. Exosomes are nano-sized microvesicles and contain various biomaterial, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes are important carriers of these biomaterial, serve important roles in intracellular communications and signal transduction among tissues. Due to its unique enrichment mechanism, it has the stability and specificity as a biomarker. Exosomes are not only involved in the formation of tumor microenvironment and new blood vessels in lung cancer, but also involved in chemotherapy, targeted therapy response and prognosis assessment. Many research advances bring new hope for prolonging the survival of lung cancer patients. This article reviews the value of exosome specific protein and microRNA (miRNA) in lung cancer in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Bi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medcine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Dunqiang Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medcine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medcine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medcine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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Hisakane K, Seike M, Sugano T, Yoshikawa A, Matsuda K, Takano N, Takahashi S, Noro R, Gemma A. Exosome-derived miR-210 involved in resistance to osimertinib and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer cells. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1690-1698. [PMID: 33939301 PMCID: PMC8169289 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osimertinib is a third‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) approved for the treatment of patients with EGFR‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanisms of acquired drug resistance to osimertinib have not as yet been clarified. Exosomes and microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in carcinogenesis and drug resistance in human cancers. Methods We used previously established osimertinib‐resistant HCC827 (HCC827‐OR) and PC‐9 (PC‐9‐OR) cells. We evaluated the profiles of exosomal miRNA associated with resistance to osimertinib in EGFR‐mutant NSCLC cells. Results Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon was observed in HCC827‐OR and PC‐9‐OR cells. Microarray and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that miR‐210‐3p was co‐upregulated in exosomes isolated from HCC827‐OR and PC‐9‐OR cells compared with those isolated from parental HCC827 and PC‐9 cells. HCC827‐OR cell‐derived exosomes induced EMT changes and resistance to osimertinib in HCC827 cells. Subsequently, the induction of miR‐210‐3p directly promoted the EMT phenomenon and resistance to osimertinib in HCC827 cells. Conclusions Exosomal miR‐210‐3p may play a crucial role in resistance to osimertinib in the tumor microenvironment of EGFR‐mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakeru Hisakane
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Sugano
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshikawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniko Matsuda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Takano
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rintaro Noro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Wong SHD, Xu X, Chen X, Xin Y, Xu L, Lai CHN, Oh J, Wong WKR, Wang X, Han S, You W, Shuai X, Wong N, Tan Y, Duan L, Bian L. Manipulation of the Nanoscale Presentation of Integrin Ligand Produces Cancer Cells with Enhanced Stemness and Robust Tumorigenicity. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3225-3236. [PMID: 33764789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing strategies for efficient expansion of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in vitro will help investigate the mechanism underlying tumorigenesis and cancer recurrence. Herein, we report a dynamic culture substrate tethered with integrin ligand-bearing magnetic nanoparticles via a flexible polymeric linker to enable magnetic manipulation of the nanoscale ligand tether mobility. The cancer cells cultured on the substrate with high ligand tether mobility develop into large semispherical colonies with CSCs features, which can be abrogated by magnetically restricting the ligand tether mobility. Mechanistically, the substrate with high ligand tether mobility suppresses integrin-mediated mechanotransduction and histone-related methylation, thereby enhancing cancer cell stemness. The culture-derived high-stemness cells can generate tumors both locally and at the distant lung and uterus much more efficiently than the low-stemness cells. We believe that this magnetic nanoplatform provides a promising strategy for investigating the dynamic interaction between CSCs and the microenvironment and establishing a cost-effective tumor spheroid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Hong Dexter Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Chun Him Nathanael Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiwon Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wai Ki Ricky Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shisong Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wenxing You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Surgery at Sir Y. K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Nathalie Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Surgery at Sir Y. K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Youhua Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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13
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Lin YC, Chen TH, Huang YM, Wei PL, Lin JC. Involvement of microRNA in Solid Cancer: Role and Regulatory Mechanisms. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040343. [PMID: 33805515 PMCID: PMC8065716 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as the post-transcriptional factor that finetunes the gene expression by targeting to the specific candidate. Mis-regulated expression of miRNAs consequently disturbs gene expression profile, which serves as the pivotal mechanism involved in initiation or progression of human malignancy. Cancer-relevant miRNA is potentially considered the therapeutic target or biomarker toward the precise treatment of cancer. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism underlying the altered expression of miRNA in cancer is largely uncovered. Detailed knowledge regarding the influence of miRNAs on solid cancer is critical for exploring its potential of clinical application. Herein, we elucidate the regulatory mechanism regarding how miRNA expression is manipulated and its impact on the pathogenesis of distinct solid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
| | - Tso-Hsiao Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Min Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-L.W.); (J.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3330) (J.-C.L.)
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-L.W.); (J.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3330) (J.-C.L.)
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14
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Yekula A, Taylor A, Beecroft A, Kang KM, Small JL, Muralidharan K, Rosh Z, Carter BS, Balaj L. The role of extracellular vesicles in acquisition of resistance to therapy in glioblastomas. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:1-16. [PMID: 35582008 PMCID: PMC9019190 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with a median survival of 15 months despite standard care therapy consisting of maximal surgical debulking, followed by radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide treatment. The natural history of GBM is characterized by inevitable recurrence with patients dying from increasingly resistant tumor regrowth after therapy. Several mechanisms including inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, the evolution of therapy-resistant clonal subpopulations, reacquisition of stemness in glioblastoma stem cells, multiple drug efflux mechanisms, the tumor-promoting microenvironment, metabolic adaptations, and enhanced repair of drug-induced DNA damage have been implicated in therapy failure. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as crucial mediators in the maintenance and establishment of GBM. Multiple seminal studies have uncovered the multi-dynamic role of EVs in the acquisition of drug resistance. Mechanisms include EV-mediated cargo transfer and EVs functioning as drug efflux channels and decoys for antibody-based therapies. In this review, we discuss the various mechanisms of therapy resistance in GBM, highlighting the emerging role of EV-orchestrated drug resistance. Understanding the landscape of GBM resistance is critical in devising novel therapeutic approaches to fight this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudeep Yekula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Keiko M. Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia L. Small
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Koushik Muralidharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zachary Rosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bob S. Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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15
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Mohammadi R, Hosseini SA, Noruzi S, Ebrahimzadeh A, Sahebkar A. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Exosome Nanovesicles in Lung Cancer: State-of-The-Art. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:83-100. [PMID: 33645488 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210301085318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant disease with a frequency of various morbidity, mortality, and poor prognosis in patients that the conventional therapeutic approaches are not efficient sufficiently. Recently, with the discovery of exosomes, researchers have examined new approaches in the development, diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery of various cancer, such as lung cancer, and display various its potential. Investigation of exosome-derived lung cancer cells contents and preparation of their exhaustive profile by advanced technics such as labeling exosome with nanoparticle and types of mass spectroscopy methods will assist researchers for take advantage of the specific properties of exosomes. Moreover, scientists will present encouraging ways for the treatment of lung cancer with loaded of drugs, proteins, microRNA, and siRNA in specific antigen targeted exosomes. This manuscript will include brief details on the role of exosomes as a novel prognostic biomarker (by the content of lipid, surface and internal protein, miRNAs, and LnRNAs) and therapeutic agent (as vaccine and targeted drug delivery) in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Seyede A Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Somaye Noruzi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd. Iran
| | - Ailin Ebrahimzadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Science, Bojnurd. Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
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16
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Li MY, Liu LZ, Dong M. Progress on pivotal role and application of exosome in lung cancer carcinogenesis, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:22. [PMID: 33504342 PMCID: PMC7839206 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. Conventional treatments are not effective for metastatic lung cancer therapy. Although some of molecular targets have been identified with favorable response, those targets cannot be exploited due to the lack of suitable drug carriers. Lung cancer cell-derived exosomes (LCCDEs) receive recent interest in its role in carcinogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of lung cancer due to its biological functions and natural ability to carry donor cell biomolecules. LCCDEs can promote cell proliferation and metastasis, affect angiogenesis, modulate antitumor immune responses during lung cancer carcinogenesis, regulate drug resistance in lung cancer therapy, and be now considered an important component in liquid biopsy assessments for detecting lung cancer. Therapeutic deliverable exosomes are emerging as promising drug delivery agents specifically to tumor high precision medicine because of their natural intercellular communication role, excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, low toxicity, long blood circulation ability, biodegradable characteristics, and their ability to cross various biological barriers. Several studies are currently underway to develop novel diagnostic and prognostic modalities using LCCDEs, and to develop methods of exploiting exosomes for use as efficient drug delivery vehicles. Current status of lung cancer and extensive applicability of LCCDEs are illustrated in this review. The promising data and technologies indicate that the approach on LCCDEs implies the potential application of LCCDEs to clinical management of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Li
- Biomedical Equipment Department, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Building 3, No.188, KaiYuan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Zhong Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, A7-304, Shenzhen University Xili Campus, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Ming Dong
- Biomedical Equipment Department, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Building 3, No.188, KaiYuan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Association of MicroRNA-21 with p53 at Mutant Sites R175H and R248Q, Clinicopathological Features, and Prognosis of NSCLC. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 19:208-217. [PMID: 33251333 PMCID: PMC7666326 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of miRNA-21 with mutant p53 expression, prognosis, interaction, and clinicopathological features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tissue specimens from 200 NSCLC patients were collected for qRT-PCR analysis of miR-21 and p53 expression, and p53 mutations were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. NSCLC cell lines were used to determine the effects of miR-21 knockdown on cell viability, cell cycle distribution, and p53 expression. We found that miR-21 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues, which was associated with an increase in p53 mRNA levels and with advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages and lymph node metastasis. The most common mutant sites of p53 in NSCLC were R175H and R248Q. Moreover, elevated miR-21 and p53 expression levels were associated with shorter overall survival. Knockdown of miR-21 reduced NSCLC cell viability, arrested NSCLC cells at the G0-to-G1 phase of the cell cycle, and downregulated mutant p53 mRNA levels and phosphorylated p53 protein expression in A549 and H1650 cells compared to control cells. miR-21 is associated p53 at mutant sites R175H and R248Q, which seems not to be oncogenic, as it is being reported, since in a normal cell, without a mutated p53, it will probably have a protective role.
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18
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Li D, Meng D, Niu R. Exosome-Reversed Chemoresistance to Cisplatin in Non-Small Lung Cancer Through Transferring miR-613. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7961-7972. [PMID: 32943930 PMCID: PMC7481302 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s254310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Chemoresistance is the main reason of adverse effects leading to the death of patients; thus, it is important to discover the potential target of chemotherapeutic resistance. Methods The expression of differentially expressed miRNA was detected in BEAS-2B, A549 and A549/cisplatin (DDP) by qRT-PCR. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and exosome biomarkers were used to validate the extracted exosome. Cells incubated with miR-613 enriched exosomes were used to detect the function of exo-miR-613 in vitro. Then, exo-miR-613 was injected to mice treated with DDP to investigate the function role of exo-miR-613 in vivo. Results Comparing to BEAS-2B, the expression of miR-613 inA549 was significantly reduced, which was more obvious in A549/DDP. After incubated with exo-miR-613 and corresponding exo-negative control (NC), we found overexpression of miR-613 remarkably increased the inhibition of cell proliferation induced by cisplatin. Exo-miR-613 fused into cells to significantly enhance the inhibited effect of DDP on the proliferation, migration and showed a promotion on cell apoptosis and DNA damage. The in vivo study showed that exo-miR-613 significantly inhibited the tumor growth, and promote the sensitivity to DDP, probably by down-regulating the expressions of GJA1, TBP and EIF-4E in tumor cells and tissues. Conclusion Exo-miR-613 reversed chemoresistance to DDP in NSCLC cell to involve in the process of tumor progression, and might be a potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Li
- Department of Special Geriatrics, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Debin Meng
- Department of Special Geriatrics, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rungui Niu
- Department of Special Geriatrics, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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19
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Critical Roles of Tumor Extracellular Vesicles in the Microenvironment of Thoracic Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176024. [PMID: 32825667 PMCID: PMC7504491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, are critical mediators of intercellular communication between tumor cells and other cells located in the microenvironment but also in more distant sites. Exosomes are small EVs that can carry a variety of molecules, such as lipids, proteins, and non-coding RNA, especially microRNAs (miRNAs). In thoracic cancers, including lung cancers and malignant pleural mesothelioma, EVs contribute to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment and to tumor growth and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the recent understanding of how exosomes behave in thoracic cancers and how and why they are promising liquid biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, with a special focus on exosomal miRNAs.
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20
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Hu C, Meiners S, Lukas C, Stathopoulos GT, Chen J. Role of exosomal microRNAs in lung cancer biology and clinical applications. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12828. [PMID: 32391938 PMCID: PMC7309943 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm, are secreted by various cell types, including tumour cells. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified to be encapsulated and hence protected from degradation within exosomes. These exosomal miRNAs can be horizontally transferred to target cells, in which they subsequently modulate biological processes. Increasing evidence indicates that exosomal miRNAs play a critical role in modifying the microenvironment of lung cancers, possibly facilitating progression, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the novel findings on exosomal miRNA functions during lung cancer initiation and progression. In addition, we highlight their potential role and challenges as biomarkers in lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis and drug resistance and as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Lukas
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Center, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y. Inhibition of LncRNAH19 has the effect of anti-tumour and enhancing sensitivity to Gefitinib and Chemotherapy in Non-small-cell lung cancer in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5811-5816. [PMID: 32281297 PMCID: PMC7214165 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases, which ranked first in both men and women malignancies worldwide. The survival rate of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been limited with distant metastasis and shortage of effective chemotherapeutics in recent years. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies for NSCLC are urgently explored. Here, we showed that inhibition of H19 effectively inhibited the progression of NSCLC. Moreover, down-regulation of H19 treatment significantly enhanced the levels of PTEN and PDCD4, while suppressed the expressions of NFIB in NSCLC. Furthermore, down-regulation of H19 combined with Gefitinib treatment significantly increased the levels of PTEN and PDCD4, while decreased the expression levels of NFIB. Moreover, the results showed that Gefitinib treatment significantly reduced the shH19-mediated miR-21 expression levels. Our results showed that down-regulation of H19 combined with Gefitinib administration significantly improved the effect of shH19 treatment alone on the progression of NSCLC, which was involved in the activation of PTEN signalling pathway in NSCLC in vivo. Therefore, these findings might indicate a novel molecular mechanism, which could provide a new potential combination of therapeutic method in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Pasini L, Ulivi P. Extracellular Vesicles in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Functional Role and Involvement in Resistance to Targeted Treatment and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010040. [PMID: 31877735 PMCID: PMC7016858 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted and immunological therapies have become the gold standard for a large portion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by improving significantly clinical prognosis. However, resistance mechanisms inevitably develop after a first response, and almost all patients undergo progression. The knowledge of such a resistance mechanism is crucial to improving the efficacy of therapies. So far, monitoring therapy responses through liquid biopsy has been carried out mainly in terms of circulating tumor (ctDNA) analysis. However, other particles of tumor origin, such as extracellular vehicles (EVs) represent an emerging tool for the studying and monitoring of resistance mechanisms. EVs are now considered to be ubiquitous mediators of cell-to-cell communication, allowing cells to exchange biologically active cargoes that vary in response to the microenvironment and include proteins, metabolites, RNA species, and nucleic acids. Novel findings on the biogenesis and fate of these vesicles reveal their fundamental role in cancer progression, with foreseeable and not-far-to-come clinical applications in NSCLC.
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23
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Chen R, Xu X, Qian Z, Zhang C, Niu Y, Wang Z, Sun J, Zhang X, Yu Y. The biological functions and clinical applications of exosomes in lung cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4613-4633. [PMID: 31352532 PMCID: PMC11105651 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and the high incidence rates are worrisome. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles secreted by most cells, including RNAs, proteins and lipids. Exosomes can mediate cell-to-cell communication in both physiologic and pathologic processes. Accumulated evidences show that cancer-derived exosomes aid in the recruitment and reprogramming of constituents correlated with tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, exosome-based clinical trials have been completed in advanced lung cancer patients. In this review, we discuss the roles of exosomes in a lung cancer microenvironment, such as its participation in lung cancer initiation, progression and metastasis as well as being involved in angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune escape, and drug resistance. In addition, we focus on the potential of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer, as well as the challenges faced by and advantages of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles and in exosome-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Zijun Qian
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Yongjie Niu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Zhixian Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Jianli Sun
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Zhao YJ, Song X, Niu L, Tang Y, Song X, Xie L. Circulating Exosomal miR-150-5p and miR-99b-5p as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1129. [PMID: 31750241 PMCID: PMC6842995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating exosomal miRNAs are potential non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer. The present study aimed to validate the novel sensitive and specific exosomal miRNA biomarkers for diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients and Methods: Exosomes isolated from the serum of CRC patients and healthy donors by ultracentrifugation were characterized using TEM, qNano, and immunoblotting. The exosomes from 2 healthy donors and 4 CRC patients were subjected to RNA isolation and miRNA sequencing. The differently expressed miRNAs from 165 primary CRC patients and 153 healthy donors were substantiated by RT-qPCR. Results: The RNA-sequence data analysis revealed that 29 exosomal miRNAs (20 downregulated and 9 upregulated) with >1.5-fold difference between CRC patients and healthy donors were selected. The serum exosomal miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p levels were significantly downregulated in CRC patients as compared to healthy donors (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and benign disease (p = 0.009 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The expression levels of exosomal miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p were significantly decreased in early CRC patients as compared to healthy donors (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The expression levels of exosomal miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p were significantly increased postoperatively (p = 0.0058 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that serum exosomal miRNAs are promising, sensitive, specific, and non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. Impact: This is the first study to specifically identify exosomal miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p associated with CRC. This study, therefore, might deepen the understanding of tumor-derived exosomes for CRC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Jing Zhao
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xingguo Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Limin Niu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Youyong Tang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xianrang Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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25
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Del Re M, Crucitta S, Gianfilippo G, Passaro A, Petrini I, Restante G, Michelucci A, Fogli S, de Marinis F, Porta C, Chella A, Danesi R. Understanding the Mechanisms of Resistance in EGFR-Positive NSCLC: From Tissue to Liquid Biopsy to Guide Treatment Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163951. [PMID: 31416192 PMCID: PMC6720634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has emerged as an alternative source of nucleic acids for the management of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). The use of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been recently introduced in clinical practice, resulting in the improvement of the identification of druggable EGFR mutations for the diagnosis and monitoring of response to targeted therapy. EGFR-dependent (T790M and C797S mutations) and independent (Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition [MET] gene amplification, Kirsten Rat Sarcoma [KRAS], Phosphatidyl-Inositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic subunit Alpha isoform [PI3KCA], and RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 [BRAF] gene mutations) mechanisms of resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been evaluated in plasma samples from NSCLC patients using highly sensitive methods (i.e., digital droplet PCR, Next Generation Sequencing), allowing for the switch to other therapies. Therefore, liquid biopsy is a non-invasive method able to detect the molecular dynamic changes that occur under the pressure of treatment, and to capture tumor heterogeneity more efficiently than is allowed by tissue biopsy. This review addresses how liquid biopsy may be used to guide the choice of treatment strategy in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Gianfilippo
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Passaro
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milano, Italy
| | - Iacopo Petrini
- General Pathology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Surgery and Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuliana Restante
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Michelucci
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo de Marinis
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milano, Italy
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Division of Translational Oncology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Chella
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Critical Area and Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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26
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Mashouri L, Yousefi H, Aref AR, Ahadi AM, Molaei F, Alahari SK. Exosomes: composition, biogenesis, and mechanisms in cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:75. [PMID: 30940145 PMCID: PMC6444571 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 827] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) participate in formation and progression of different cancer processes, including tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis and drug-resistance. Exosomes initiate or suppress various signaling pathways in the recipient cells via transmitting heterogeneous cargoes. In this review we discuss exosome biogenesis, exosome mediated metastasis and chemoresistance. Furthermore, tumor derived exosomes role in tumor microenvironment remodeling, and angiogenesis is reviewed. Also, exosome induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is highlighted. More importantly, we discuss extensively how exosomes regulate drug resistance in several cancers. Thus, understanding exosome biogenesis, their contents and the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are responsible for metastasis and drug-resistance mediated by TDEs may help to devise novel therapeutic approaches for cancer progression particularly to overcome therapy-resistance and preventing metastasis as major factors of cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Mashouri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ali Mohammad Ahadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Molaei
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA.
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27
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Jing C, Ma R, Cao H, Wang Z, Liu S, Chen D, Wu Y, Zhang J, Wu J. Long noncoding RNA and mRNA profiling in cetuximab-resistant colorectal cancer cells by RNA sequencing analysis. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1641-1651. [PMID: 30848094 PMCID: PMC6488152 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain an insight into the molecular mechanisms of cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer, we generated a cetuximab-resistant cell line (H508/CR) and performed RNA sequencing to identify the differential expression patterns of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and mRNAs between cetuximab-sensitive and resistant cells. A total of 278 ncRNA transcripts and 1,059 mRNA transcripts were dysregulated in the cetuximab-resistant cells. The expression levels of nine selected long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. Functional analysis revealed that several groups of lncRNAs might be involved in pathways associated with cetuximab resistance. Increased glucose consumption and lactate secretion in cetuximab-resistant cells suggested that glucose metabolism might be involved in cetuximab resistance. In addition, lncRNA LINC00973 was upregulated in the H508/CR cell line and cells transfected with a LINC00973 short interfering RNA exhibited reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, and decreased glucose consumption and lactate secretion. Our results provide essential data regarding differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in cetuximab-resistant cells, which may provide new potential candidates for cetuximab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Jing
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haixia Cao
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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28
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The Potential Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Cigarette Smoke-Associated Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4692081. [PMID: 30524655 PMCID: PMC6247573 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4692081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,500 chemicals; most of which are highly reactive free radicals, which induce proinflammatory and carcinogenic reactions. Numerous efforts have focused extensively on the role of cigarette smoking as a cause of many diseases. Extracellular vesicles and exosomes have recently received increasing interest for their diagnostic and therapeutic roles in many diseases. However, research done on the role of extracellular vesicles and exosomes on cigarette smoke-induced chronic disease is still in its infancy. In this review, we summarize the recently addressed roles of extracellular vesicles and exosomes in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-related diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and oral cancer. Moreover, their potential utilization and future prospects as diagnostic biomarkers for cigarette smoke-related diseases are described.
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