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Bykov Y, Dawodu G, Javaheri A, Garcia-Sastre A, Cuadrado-Castano S. Immune responses elicited by ssRNA(-) oncolytic viruses in the host and in the tumor microenvironment. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2023; 9:10. [PMID: 37974615 PMCID: PMC10653360 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2022.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are at the forefront of biologicals for cancer treatment. They represent a diverse landscape of naturally occurring viral strains and genetically modified viruses that, either as single agents or as part of combination therapies, are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. As the field gains momentum, the research on OVs has been shifting efforts to expand our understanding of the complex interplay between the virus, the tumor and the immune system, with the aim of rationally designing more efficient therapeutic interventions. Nowadays, the potential of an OV platform is no longer defined exclusively by the targeted replication and cancer cell killing capacities of the virus, but by its contribution as an immunostimulator, triggering the transformation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) into a place where innate and adaptive immunity players can efficiently engage and lead the development of tumor-specific long-term memory responses. Here we review the immune mechanisms and host responses induced by ssRNA(-) (negative-sense single-stranded RNA) viruses as OV platforms. We focus on two ssRNA(-) OV candidates: Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus with one of the longest histories of utilization as an OV, and influenza A (IAV) virus, a well-characterized human pathogen with extraordinary immunostimulatory capacities that is steadily advancing as an OV candidate through the development of recombinant IAV attenuated platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonina Bykov
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gloria Dawodu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aryana Javaheri
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sara Cuadrado-Castano
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Huang F, Dai C, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Ru G. Development of Molecular Mechanisms and Their Application on Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus in Cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:889403. [PMID: 35860357 PMCID: PMC9289221 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.889403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by the destruction or mutation of cellular genetic materials induced by environmental or genetic factors. It is defined by uncontrolled cell proliferation and abnormality of the apoptotic pathways. The majority of human malignancies are characterized by distant metastasis and dissemination. Currently, the most common means of cancer treatment include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, which usually damage healthy cells and cause toxicity in patients. Targeted therapy is an effective tumor treatment method with few side effects. At present, some targeted therapeutic drugs have achieved encouraging results in clinical studies, but finding an effective solution to improve the targeting and delivery efficiency of these drugs remains a challenge. In recent years, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been used to direct the tumor-targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a solid oncolytic agent capable of directly killing tumor cells and increasing tumor antigen exposure. Simultaneously, NDV can trigger the proliferation of tumor-specific immune cells and thus improve the therapeutic efficacy of NDV in cancer. Based on NDV’s inherent oncolytic activity and the stimulation of antitumor immune responses, the combination of NDV and other tumor therapy approaches can improve the antitumor efficacy while reducing drug toxicity, indicating a broad application potential. We discussed the biological properties of NDV, the antitumor molecular mechanisms of oncolytic NDV, and its application in the field of tumor therapy in this review. Furthermore, we presented new insights into the challenges that NDV will confront and suggestions for increasing NDV’s therapeutic efficacy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjing Dai
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youni Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yigang Wang, ; Guoqing Ru,
| | - Guoqing Ru
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yigang Wang, ; Guoqing Ru,
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Human Gastrointestinal Organoid Models for Studying Microbial Disease and Cancer. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2020; 430:55-75. [PMID: 32889597 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the major discoveries in stem cell research in the past decade embraces the development of "organs in a dish," also known as "organoids." Organoids are three-dimensional cellular structures derived from primary stem cells of different organ-specific cell types which are capable of self-renewal and maintenance of the parental lineages. Researchers have developed in vitro organoid models to mimic in vivo host-microbial interactions and disease. In this review, we focus on the use of gastrointestinal organoids as models of microbial disease and cancer.
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Schirrmacher V, van Gool S, Stuecker W. Breaking Therapy Resistance: An Update on Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus for Improvements of Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030066. [PMID: 31480379 PMCID: PMC6783952 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy is a major obstacle to cancer treatment. It may exist from the beginning, or it may develop during therapy. The review focusses on oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a biological agent with potential to break therapy resistance. This avian virus combines, upon inoculation into non-permissive hosts such as human, 12 described anti-neoplastic effects with 11 described immune stimulatory properties. Fifty years of clinical application of NDV give witness to the high safety profile of this biological agent. In 2015, an important milestone was achieved, namely the successful production of NDV according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Based on this, IOZK in Cologne, Germany, obtained a GMP certificate for the production of a dendritic cell vaccine loaded with tumor antigens from a lysate of patient-derived tumor cells together with immunological danger signals from NDV for intracutaneous application. This update includes single case reports and retrospective analyses from patients treated at IOZK. The review also presents future perspectives, including the concept of in situ vaccination and the combination of NDV or other oncolytic viruses with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefaan van Gool
- Immune-Oncological Center Cologne (IOZK), D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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