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Xu LB, Wu CY, Wang Y, Zhou JY. Effect of Raltitrexed on ECA109 Cellular Radiosensitivity and its Mechanism in Esophageal Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1519-1529. [PMID: 38716546 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128286282240405064210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of raltitrexed + X-ray irradiation on esophageal cancer ECA109 cells and analyze the potential action mechanism. METHODS The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to analyze the inhibitory effect of raltitrexed on cell proliferation. The effect of raltitrexed on radiosensitivity was studied through a clone-forming experiment. The scratch assay and invasion test were performed to understand the cell migration and invasion abilities. The apoptosis rate change was measured using a flow cytometer, and Western Blotting was used to determine the expression of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) in each group. RESULTS Raltitrexed significantly inhibited ECA109 proliferation in a time-dose-dependent manner; there were significant differences among different concentrations and times of action. The results of the clone-forming experiment showed a sensitization enhancement ratio of 1.65, and this demonstrated a radiosensitization effect. After the combination of raltitrexed with X-ray, the cell migration distance was shortened, and the number of cells penetrating the membrane was reduced. CONCLUSION Raltitrexed can inhibit the growth of esophageal cancer ECA109 cells and has a radiosensitization effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ben Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao-Yang Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju-Ying Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
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Naeem A, Hu P, Yang M, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhu W, Zheng Q. Natural Products as Anticancer Agents: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238367. [PMID: 36500466 PMCID: PMC9737905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been an invaluable and useful source of anticancer agents over the years. Several compounds have been synthesized from natural products by modifying their structures or by using naturally occurring compounds as building blocks in the synthesis of these compounds for various purposes in different fields, such as biology, medicine, and engineering. Multiple modern and costly treatments have been applied to combat cancer and limit its lethality, but the results are not significantly refreshing. Natural products, which are a significant source of new therapeutic drugs, are currently being investigated as potential cytotoxic agents and have shown a positive trend in preclinical research and have prompted numerous innovative strategies in order to combat cancer and expedite the clinical research. Natural products are becoming increasingly important for drug discovery due to their high molecular diversity and novel biofunctionality. Furthermore, natural products can provide superior efficacy and safety due to their unique molecular properties. The objective of the current review is to provide an overview of the emergence of natural products for the treatment and prevention of cancer, such as chemosensitizers, immunotherapeutics, combinatorial therapies with other anticancer drugs, novel formulations of natural products, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Pengyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation, Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Correspondence:
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Węgierek-Ciuk A, Arabski M, Ciepluch K, Brzóska K, Lisowska H, Czerwińska M, Stępkowski T, Lis K, Lankoff A. Coralyne Radiosensitizes A549 Cells by Upregulation of CDKN1A Expression to Attenuate Radiation Induced G2/M Block of the Cell Cycle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115791. [PMID: 34071406 PMCID: PMC8198675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coralyne is a synthetic analog of berberine related to protoberberine-isoquinoline alkaloids. Isoquinoline derivatives and analogs are renowned as potent radiosensitizers with potential medical application. In the present study, we investigated the effect of coralyne on the cell death, cytoskeletal changes and cell cycle progression of irradiated A549 cells. A clonogenic assay revealed that coralyne pretreatment decreased the viability of A549 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, exposure to coralyne and ionizing radiation (IR) markedly altered the filamentous actin cytoskeletal architecture and integrin-β binding sites of A549 cells. Treatment with 1–25 µM coralyne in combination with 2 Gy of IR significantly reduced the percentage of cells in G2/M phase compared with 2 Gy IR alone. These results indicate that coralyne is a potent radiosensitizing agent that may find an application in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Węgierek-Ciuk
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (M.A.); (K.C.); (H.L.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-41-349-6296
| | - Michał Arabski
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (M.A.); (K.C.); (H.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Karol Ciepluch
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (M.A.); (K.C.); (H.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Kamil Brzóska
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (K.B.); (M.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (M.A.); (K.C.); (H.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Malwina Czerwińska
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (K.B.); (M.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Stępkowski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (K.B.); (M.C.); (T.S.)
- Remedy International Research Agenda Unit, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lis
- Holy Cross Cancer Center, Artwinskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (M.A.); (K.C.); (H.L.); (A.L.)
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (K.B.); (M.C.); (T.S.)
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Hu W, Chen Z, Chen J, Cai D, Chen C, Fang T. LOC441178 Overexpression Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Esophageal Carcinoma Cells via Methylation of miR-182. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11253-11263. [PMID: 33173314 PMCID: PMC7648570 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s271711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in the development and progression of esophageal carcinoma (EC). Recently, lncRNA LOC441178 was shown to be dysregulated in many cancer types; however, the role of LOC441178 in EC remains unclear. Materials and Methods Flow cytometry, transwell and wound healing assays were used to measure the apoptosis and migration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. RT-qPCR was used to detect the level of miR-182 in LOC441178-overexpressed EC cells. In addition, DNA methylation status of miR-182 promoter in LOC441178-overexpressed ESCC cells was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sequencing PCR. Results In this study, we found that LOC441178 negatively regulated miR-182 expression in ESCC cells. In addition, overexpression of LOC441178 inhibited the proliferation and migration and induced apoptosis in ESCC cells via downregulation of miR-182. Moreover, overexpression of LOC441178 markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and phosphorylation FOXO3a and increased the expression of FOXO3a in ESCC cells via downregulation of miR-182. Mechanistically, LOC441178 overexpression epigenetically suppressed miR-182 expression via DNA methylation. In vivo experiments revealed that overexpression of LOC441178 inhibited ESCC tumor growth in mouse xenograft model. Conclusion Collectively, our data suggested that LOC441178 overexpression epigenetically inhibited tumorigenesis of ESCC via DNA methylation of miR-182. These data indicated that the LOC441178/miR-182 axis might represent a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongchi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangmu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxing Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Congjie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiyong Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, People's Republic of China
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Yao F, Yu J, He Y, Liu J, Li H, Liu Q, Long H, Wu Q. Primary impact of Gli1 on radioresistance in esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4825-4833. [PMID: 31611993 PMCID: PMC6781776 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is the primary cause for the low efficacy of radiotherapy in the treatment of esophageal cancer (EC). Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway may be involved in the pathology of various tumors, including EC. The present study aimed to examine the association between radioresistance in EC and the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, and to determine whether a downstream transcription factor of the Shh pathway, glioma-associated oncogene family zinc finger 1 (Gli1), serves a primary role in radioresistance. The radiation-resistant cell line Eca109R was established by repeated low dose (cumulative dose 60 Gy) irradiation of the human EC cell line Eca109. The level of cell radiosensitivity was determined by colony formation assay, and the localization of Gli1 was detected using immunofluorescence. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression levels of Gli1, Shh, patched 1 (Ptch) and smoothened frizzled class receptor (Smo) in the two cell lines. Significantly higher levels of Gli1 were identified in the Eca109R cell line compared with those inEca109 cells (P<0.05). Additionally, western blotting analysis demonstrated an increased expression level of the Gli1, Shh, Ptch and Smo proteins in Eca109R, compared with Eca109 cells (P<0.05). Overexpression of Gli1 in the parental cell line led to decreased levels of radiosensitivity and radiosensitivity of the radioresistant cell line was restored through knockdown of Gli1. The present study demonstrated that Gli1 may be associated with the development of radioresistance in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Jinjing Yu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yulin He
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Hui Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Qingming Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
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