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Dalmizrak A, Dalmizrak O. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as new tools for delivery of miRNAs in the treatment of cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:956563. [PMID: 36225602 PMCID: PMC9548561 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.956563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ongoing medical research is working to find a cure for a variety of cancers, it continues to be one of the major causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as surgical intervention and radiation therapy, are critical components of cancer treatment. Most anti-cancer drugs are given systemically and distribute not just to tumor tissues but also to normal tissues, where they may cause side effects. Furthermore, because anti-cancer drugs have a low delivery efficiency, some tumors do not respond to them. As a result, tumor-targeted drug delivery is critical for improving the safety and efficacy of anti-cancer treatment. Exosomes are microscopic extracellular vesicles that cells produce to communicate with one another. MicroRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), DNA, protein, and lipids are among the therapeutic cargos found in exosomes. Recently, several studies have focused on miRNAs as a potential therapeutic element for the treatment of cancer. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been known to have angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Exosomes derived from MSCs are gaining popularity as a non-cellular alternative to MSC-based therapy, as this method avoids unwanted lineage differentiation. Therefore more research have focused on transferring miRNAs to mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and targeting miRNA-loaded exosomes to cancer cells. Here, we initially gave an overview of the characteristics and potentials of MSC as well as the use of MSC-derived exosomes in cancer therapy. Finally, we emphasized the utilization of MSC-derived exosomes for miRNA delivery in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Dalmizrak
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Dalmizrak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Ozlem Dalmizrak,
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Zhao S, Wang H. EVA1A Plays an Important Role by Regulating Autophagy in Physiological and Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126181. [PMID: 34201121 PMCID: PMC8227468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eva-1 homolog A (EVA1A) is regarded as TMEM166 (transmembrane protein 166) or FAM176A (family with sequence similarity 176) and a lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein involved in regulating autophagy and apoptosis. EVA1A regulates embryonic neurogenesis, cardiac remodeling, islet alpha-cell functions, acute liver failure, and hepatitis B virus replication. However, the related mechanisms are not fully clear. Autophagy is a process in which cells transfer pathogens, abnormal proteins and organelles to lysosomes for degradation. It plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, infection, heart disease, development, cell differentiation and nutritional starvation. Recently, there are many studies on the important role of EVA1A in many physiological and pathological processes by regulating autophagy. However, the related molecular mechanisms need further study. Therefore, we summarize the above-mentioned researches about the role of EVA1A in physiological and pathological processes through regulating autophagy in order to provide theoretical basis for future researches.
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Kabzinski J, Maczynska M, Majsterek I. MicroRNA as a Novel Biomarker in the Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:844. [PMID: 34198889 PMCID: PMC8228566 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with 890,000 new cases and 450,000 deaths in 2018, and although the survival statistics for some patient groups are improving, there is still an urgent need to find a fast and reliable biomarker that allows early diagnosis. This niche can be filled by microRNA, small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, which are expressed in response to specific events in the body. This article presents the potential use of microRNAs in the diagnosis of HNSCC, compares the advances in this field to other diseases, especially other cancers, and discusses the detailed use of miRNA as a biomarker in profiling and predicting the treatment outcome with radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Potential problems and difficulties related to the development of this promising technology, and areas on which future research should be focused in order to overcome these difficulties, were also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, al. Kościuszki 4, 90-419 Łódź, Poland; (J.K.); (M.M.)
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Fitriana M, Hwang WL, Chan PY, Hsueh TY, Liao TT. Roles of microRNAs in Regulating Cancer Stemness in Head and Neck Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071742. [PMID: 33917482 PMCID: PMC8038798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are epithelial malignancies with 5-year overall survival rates of approximately 40-50%. Emerging evidence indicates that a small population of cells in HNSCC patients, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), play vital roles in the processes of tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, immune evasion, chemo-/radioresistance, and recurrence. The acquisition of stem-like properties of cancer cells further provides cellular plasticity for stress adaptation and contributes to therapeutic resistance, resulting in a worse clinical outcome. Thus, targeting cancer stemness is fundamental for cancer treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate stem cell features in the development and tissue regeneration through a miRNA-target interactive network. In HNSCCs, miRNAs act as tumor suppressors and/or oncogenes to modulate cancer stemness and therapeutic efficacy by regulating the CSC-specific tumor microenvironment (TME) and signaling pathways, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathways. Owing to a deeper understanding of disease-relevant miRNAs and advances in in vivo delivery systems, the administration of miRNA-based therapeutics is feasible and safe in humans, with encouraging efficacy results in early-phase clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the present findings to better understand the mechanical actions of miRNAs in maintaining CSCs and acquiring the stem-like features of cancer cells during HNSCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melysa Fitriana
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Center of Excellence, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Pak-Yue Chan
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.-Y.H.)
| | - Tai-Yuan Hsueh
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.-Y.H.)
| | - Tsai-Tsen Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2736-1661 (ext. 3435)
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Potter ML, Hill WD, Isales CM, Hamrick MW, Fulzele S. MicroRNAs are critical regulators of senescence and aging in mesenchymal stem cells. Bone 2021; 142:115679. [PMID: 33022453 PMCID: PMC7901145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently come under scrutiny for their role in various age-related diseases. Similarly, cellular senescence has been linked to disease and aging. MicroRNAs and senescence likely play an intertwined role in driving these pathologic states. In this review, we present the connection between these two drivers of age-related disease concerning mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). First, we summarize key miRNAs that are differentially expressed in MSCs and other musculoskeletal lineage cells during senescence and aging. Additionally, we also reviewed miRNAs that are regulated via traditional senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cytokines in MSC. Lastly, we summarize miRNAs that have been found to target components of the cell cycle arrest pathways inherently activated in senescence. This review attempts to highlight potential miRNA targets for regenerative medicine applications in age-related musculoskeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Potter
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - William D Hill
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29403, United States of America
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America.
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Zhang W, Liu C, Li J, Liu R, Zhuang J, Feng F, Yao Y, Sun C. Target Analysis and Mechanism of Podophyllotoxin in the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1211. [PMID: 32848800 PMCID: PMC7427588 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the original compound of many podophyllotoxin derivatives, podophyllotoxin has a beneficial antitumor effect. The mechanism of podophyllotoxin activity in triple-negative breast cancer still needs to be explored. Methods We used cell proliferation assay, scratch and transwell experiments, and cell cycle and apoptosis analyses to observe the intervention effect of podophyllotoxin on breast cancer. Furthermore, we analyzed the differences between GSE31448, GSE65194, and GSE45827 in the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) and explored the differential genes using a STRING database. Centiscape2.2, MCODE cluster analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were used to identify the most significant gene differences. Next, we utilized BATMAN-TCM and TCMSP databases for further screening to identify key genes. Finally, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of key targets. Results Our research confirmed that podophyllotoxin could not only inhibit the migration and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer but also affect the cell cycle and induce apoptosis. In total, 566 differential genes were obtained by using the GEO database. After topological network analysis, cluster analysis, and molecular docking screening, we finally identified PLK1, CCDC20, and CDK1 as key target genes. The results of the qRT-PCR assay showed that the mRNA levels of PLK1, CDC20, and CDK1 decreased, while the expression of upstream P53 increased, after drug induction. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and conetwork analysis showed that PLK1 is a more critical regulatory factor. Further Western blotting analysis revealed that there was a negative regulatory relationship between the key gene PLK1 and P53 on the protein level. The results were presented as the mean ± standard deviation of triplicate experiments and P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. Conclusion Podophyllotoxin has an intervention effect on the development of triple-negative breast cancer. The expression of PLK1, CDC20, and CDK1 in the cell cycle pathway is inhibited by regulating P53. Our research shows that natural drugs inhibit tumor activity by regulating the expression of cyclins, and the combination of natural drugs and modern extensive database analysis has a wide range of potential applications in the development of antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhang
- Clinical Medical Colleges, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Fubin Feng
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Clinical Medical Colleges, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Chinese Medicine Innovation Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Shi F, Wang T, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang K, Su J. LncRNA miR143HG Up-Regulates p53 In Endometrial Carcinoma By Sponging miR-125a. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10117-10123. [PMID: 31819644 PMCID: PMC6896921 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s222215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction MiR143HG is a recently identified tumor suppressor in bladder cancer. We performed bioinformatics prediction and found that miR143HG can form base pairs with miR-125a. This study was therefore carried out to explore the interaction between miR143HG and miR-125a in endometrial carcinoma (EC). Methods Gene expression was analyzed by qPCR and Western blot. Interactions among genes were analyzed by over-expression experiments. Cell apoptosis after transfections was analyzed by cell apoptosis assay. Results We found that the down-regulation of miR143HG in EC predicted poor survival. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-125a could bind miR143HG. In EC tissues, miR143HG was positively correlated with p53, not miR-125a. In EC cells, miR143HG and miR-125a over-expression failed to affect the expression of each other. However, miR143HG over-expression led to the up-regulated p53. MiR-125a over-expression played the opposite role and attenuated the effects of miR143HG over-expression. Cell apoptosis analysis showed that miR143HG and p53 over-expression led to an increased cell apoptotic rate. MiR-125a over-expression played the opposite role and attenuated the effects of miR143HG over-expression. Conclusion MiR143HG may up-regulate p53 in EC by sponging miR-125a to promote cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingbing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaishuo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
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Li G, Ao S, Hou J, Lyu G. Low expression of miR-125a-5p is associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1483-1490. [PMID: 31423214 PMCID: PMC6607383 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) serve critical roles in tumor progression. Low expression of miR-125a in gastric carcinoma (GC) may promote tumor development. In the present study, low expression of miR-125a was confirmed in cancer tissues using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Additionally, the expression and clinical significance of miR-125a-5p was investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in 150 cases of GC. The results of the present study demonstrated that the level of miR-125a-5p expression was decreased in GC biopsies compared with that in matched adjacent normal tissues. Low expression of miR-125a-5p was associated with increased tumor diameter, high Ki67 expression and poor overall survival of patients with GC. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that low miR-125a-5p expression may be used as an independent prognostic factor for patients with GC. However, no effects on the cell viability in a Cell Counting kit-8 assay, and cell migration and invasion in Transwell assays were detected in response to treatment using miR-125a-5p mimics or inhibitors in vitro. Therefore, the results of the present study provide evidence that low expression of miR-125a-5p may be associated with a poor prognosis, suggesting its value as a tumor biomarker for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Ao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Lyu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
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Gui F, Peng H, Liu Y. Elevated circulating lnc-ANRIL/miR-125a axis level predicts higher risk, more severe disease condition, and worse prognosis of sepsis. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22917. [PMID: 31115097 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the correlation of lnc-ANRIL/miR-125a axis with risk, severity, inflammation, and prognosis of sepsis. METHODS A hundred and twenty-six sepsis patients and 125 healthy controls were recruited, and then, blood samples were collected, and plasma was separated for lnc-ANRIL, miR-125a, lnc-ANRIL/miR-125a axis, and inflammatory cytokine level detections. In addition, basic characteristics, 28-day mortality, and accumulating survival of sepsis patients were recorded. RESULTS Plasma lnc-ANRIL expression was increased, miR-125a expression was decreased, and lnc-ANRIL/miR-125a axis level was elevated in sepsis patients compared with healthy controls, and all of them had good value for predicting sepsis risk with AUCs of 0.800, 0.817, and 0.843, respectively. Lnc-ANRIL and lnc-ANRIL/miR-125a axis were positively correlated with biochemical index levels including CRP and PCT levels, disease severity scale scores, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in sepsis patients, while miR-125a displayed the opposite trend. Lnc-ANRIL and lnc-ANRIL/miR-125a axis expressions were elevated, while miR-125a expression was declined in deaths compared with survivors, and all of them predicted 28-day mortality in sepsis patients with AUCs of 0.765, 0.745, and 0.785, respectively. Subsequently, the Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with high lnc-ANRIL, low miR-125a, and high lnc-ANRIL/miR-125a axis levels presented with worse accumulating survival. In addition, multivariate regression model analyses revealed that high plasma lnc-ANRIL/miR-125a axis was an independent predictive factor for both increased 28-day mortality and worse accumulating survival. CONCLUSION Circulating lnc-ANRIL/miR-125a axis was upregulated and could serve as a biomarker for severity, inflammation, and prognosis in sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gui
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Peng
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijue Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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