Linc-OIP5 loss regulates migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by inhibiting YAP1/JAG1 signaling

Long non-coding RNA MIDEAS-AS1 inhibits growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer via transcriptionally activating NCALD

BACKGROUND

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with higher aggressiveness and poorer outcomes. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become the crucial gene regulators in the progression of human cancers. However, the function and underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in TNBC remains unclear.

METHODS

Based on public databases and bioinformatics analyses, the low expression of lncRNA MIDEAS-AS1 in breast cancer tissues was detected and further validated in a cohort of TNBC tissues. The effects of MIDEAS-AS1 on proliferation, migration, invasion were determined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. RNA pull-down assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were carried out to reveal the interaction between MIDEAS-AS1 and MATR3. Luciferase reporter assay, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the regulatory effect of MIDEAS-AS1/MATR3 complex on NCALD.

RESULTS

LncRNA MIDEAS-AS1 was significantly downregulated in TNBC, which was correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in TNBC patients. MIDEAS-AS1 overexpression remarkably inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MIDEAS-AS1 mainly located in the nucleus and interacted with the nuclear protein MATR3. Meanwhile, NCALD was selected as the downstream target, which was transcriptionally regulated by MIDEAS-AS1/MATR3 complex and further inactivated NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, rescue experiment showed that the suppression of cell malignant phenotype caused by MIDEAS-AS1 overexpression could be reversed by inhibition of NCALD.

CONCLUSIONS

Collectively, our results demonstrate that MIDEAS-AS1 serves as a tumor-suppressor in TNBC through modulating MATR3/NCALD axis, and MIDEAS-AS1 may function as a prognostic biomarker for TNBC.

[JAG1 affects monocytes-macrophages to reshape the pre-metastatic niche of triple-negative breast cancer through LncRNA MALAT1 in exosomes]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of JAG1 on the activities of monocytes-macrophages in pre-metastatic niche (PMN) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and explore the possible regulatory mechanism.

METHODS

JAG1 expression in human TNBC MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231B cells was detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).Ten female nude mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells (n=5) or MDA-MB-231B cells (n=5) in the mammary fat pad, and 6 weeks later, the tumor tissues were collected for immunohistochemistry.Human monocytes THP-1 cells were treated with rhJAG1 or conditioned media (CM) of TNBC MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231B cells to assess the direct effect of JAG1 on monocytes and its effect on monocytes in the PMN using monocyte-endothelial adhesion, Transwell assay, qRT-PCR and Western blotting.Transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analyses were used to identify the effect of JAG1 on exosome release from the TNBC cells.MiRNAs interacting with lncRNA MALAT1 were identified by bioinformatics and validated using qRT-PCR.

RESULTS

Compared with MDA-MB-231 cells, the invasive strain MDA-MB-231B cells showed significantly higher JAG1 expression and greater liver metastasis potential (P<0.01).Both direct treatment with rhJAG1 and treatment with the conditioned media promoted adhesion and migration and affected differentiation of the monocytes (P<0.05).Transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis showed that JAG1 strongly enhanced exosome secretion from MDAMB-231 cells (P<0.01) and increased MALAT1 content in the exosomes (P<0.0001).Five candidate miRNAs related to MALAT1 and JAG1 were identified by bioinformatics analysis, and miR-26a-5p was identified as a potential target of MALAT1 in monocytes-macrophages in TMN (P<0.0001).

CONCLUSION

JAG1 can promote exocrine secretion of TNBC and increase the expression of MALAT1 to cause targeted downregulation of miR-26a-5p in monocytes-macrophages in the PMN, which in turn increases JAG1 expression in monocytes-macrophages to affect their adhesion, migration and osteoclast differentiation in the PMN.

The Involvement of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid-Binding Protein 2 in the Regulation of the Expression of Breast Cancer-Related Genes

Aim

This study investigated the role and mechanism of insulin-like growth factor 2-IGF2BP2 in breast cancer.

Methods

IGF2BP2 is overexpressed in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Thus, RNA sequencing was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes, Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect cell proliferation, and a Transwell assay was used to assess cell invasion. Following on from the RNA sequencing results, Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 (IFIT2), chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20), chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5), and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10) regulated by IGF2BP2 were subjected to real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction verification.

Results

After IGF2BP2 overexpression, 67 genes were up-regulated, and 87 genes were down-regulated. The gene with the most significant up-regulation was homeobox protein 1 (PROX1), and the gene with the most significant down-regulation was Acidic β-crystallin 4 (CRYBA4). The most enriched gene ontology (GO) terms of up-regulated differentially expressed genes are protein binding and cell membrane and of down-regulated differentially expressed genes they are ion binding, cytoplasm, and response to virus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the up-regulated differential genes were mainly enriched in protein processing, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, while down-regulated differential genes were mainly enriched in rheumatoid arthritis, chemokine signaling pathways, toll-like receptor signaling pathways, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and Notch signaling pathways. IGF2BP2 overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the IGF2BP2 overexpression group had significantly increased expressions of IFIT2, CCL20, and CXCL10 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

IGF2BP2 may promote the invasion and proliferation of human breast cancer cells by up-regulating breast cancer-related genes, such as IFIT2, CCL20, and CXCL10.

The clinical significance, immune infiltration, and tumor mutational burden of angiogenesis-associated lncRNAs in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma

Background

Poor prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is often related to angiogenesis. The lncRNAs that regulate angiogenesis could also affect the prognosis of KIRC. It is meaningful for us to use lncRNAs related to angiogenesis to construct a generic, individualized prognostic signature for patients with KIRC.

Methods

We identified eight angiogenesis-associated genes (AAGs) by differential expression analysis and univariate Cox regression from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, including 537 KIRC samples and 72 normal samples. In total, 23 prognostic lncRNAs were screened out after Pearson correlation analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis. Then, we performed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox regression to establish a four-AAG-related lncRNA prognostic signature.

Results

The risk score was calculated for each KIRC patients by using a four-AAG-related lncRNA prognostic signature. We divided the KIRC patients into high- and low-risk groups by the median of the risk score. It was confirmed that the AAG-related lncRNA prognostic signature has good prognostic value for KIRC patients by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. We identified 3,399 differentially expressed genes between the high- and low-risk groups and performed their functional enrichment analyses. The AAG-related lncRNA prognostic signature was an independent prognostic predictor for KIRC patients and was used to perform a combined nomogram. We reevaluated them in terms of survival, clinic characteristics, tumor-infiltrating immune cells and tumor mutation burden.

Conclusion

Our research indicates that the AAG-related lncRNA prognostic signature is a promising and potential independent prognostic indicator for KIRC patients. Then, it could offer new insights into the prognosis assessment and potential treatment strategies of KIRC patients.

Advances in Understanding the LncRNA-Mediated Regulation of the Hippo Pathway in Cancer

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules that are longer than 200 nucleotides and cannot encode proteins. Over the past decade, lncRNAs have been defined as regulatory elements of multiple biological processes, and their aberrant expression contributes to the development and progression of various malignancies. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs are involved in key cancer-related signaling pathways, including the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a prominent role in controlling organ size and tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. However, dysregulation of this pathway is associated with pathological conditions, especially cancer. Accumulating evidence has revealed that lncRNAs can modulate the Hippo signaling pathway in cancer. In this review, we elaborate on the role of the Hippo signaling pathway and the advances in the understanding of its lncRNA-mediated regulation in cancer. This review provides additional insight into carcinogenesis and will be of great clinical value for developing novel early detection and treatment strategies for this deadly disease.

LncRNA SNHG8 Serves as an Oncogene in Breast Cancer Through miR-634/ZBTB20 Axis

Background

Small nucleolus RNA Host Gene 8 (SNHG8) belongs to a subgroup with long non-coding RNAs. LncRNA SNHG8 presents up-regulated in miscellaneous cancers, like gastric cancer, liver cancer, and esophageal squamous cell cancer. Nevertheless, the expression pattern and the pathological function of lncRNA SNHG8 in breast cancer remain obscure.

Methods

We examined the expression levels of lncRNA SNHG8 in the tissue samples and cell lines from breast cancer via RT-qPCR in the present study. The functions of lncRNA SNHG8 on the progression of breast cancer cell were examined by CCK-8, EdU, Transwell chamber assays, and flow cytometry analyses. The expression of proteins was assessed using Western blot assay.

Results

We found that proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells were significantly inhibited due to knockdown of lncRNA SNHG8, while inducing apoptosis of these cells. Mechanistically, SNHG8 functioned as an inhibitor of miR-634 in tumor tissues.

Conclusion

LncRNA SNHG8 sponged the miR-634 to increase the expression level of ZBTB20, thus further aggravating the malignancy of breast cancer. Hence, the lncRNA SNHG8-miR-634-ZBTB20 axis may be a promising therapeutic target to treat breast cancers.

The role of EMT-related lncRNA in the process of triple-negative breast cancer metastasis

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant and fatal subtype of breast cancer, which has characterized by negativity expression of ER, PR, and HER2. Metastasis is the main factor affecting the prognosis of TNBC, and the process of metastasis is related to abnormal activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) plays an important role in regulating the metastasis and invasion of TNBC. Therefore, based on the metastasis-related EMT signaling pathway, great efforts have confirmed that LncRNA is involved in the molecular mechanism of TNBC metastasis, which will provide new strategies to improve the treatment and prognosis of TNBC. In this review, we summarized many signal pathways related to EMT involved in the transfer process. The advances from the most recent studies of lncRNAs in the EMT-related signal pathways of TNBC metastasis. We also discussed the clinical research, application, and challenges of LncRNA in TNBC.

The crosstalk between lncRNAs and the Hippo signalling pathway in cancer progression

LncRNAs play a pivotal role in the regulation of epigenetic modification, cell cycle, differentiation, proliferation, migration and other physiological activities. In particular, considerable studies have shown that the aberrant expression and dysregulation of lncRNAs are widely implicated in cancer initiation and progression by acting as tumour promoters or suppressors. Hippo signalling pathway has attracted researchers’ attention as one of the critical cancer‐related pathways in recent years. Increasing evidences have demonstrated that lncRNAs could interact with Hippo cascade and thereby contribute to acquisition of multiple malignant hallmarks, including proliferation, metastasis, relapse and resistance to anti‐cancer treatment. Specifically, Hippo signalling pathway is reported to modulate or be regulated by widespread lncRNAs. Intriguingly, certain lncRNAs could form a reciprocal feedback loop with Hippo signalling. More speculatively, lncRNAs related to Hippo pathway have been poised to become important putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human cancers. Herein, this review focuses on the crosstalk between lncRNAs and Hippo pathway in carcinogenesis, summarizes the comprehensive role of Hippo‐related lncRNAs in tumour progression and depicts their clinical diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic potentials in tumours.