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De Vleeschauwer SI, van de Ven M, Oudin A, Debusschere K, Connor K, Byrne AT, Ram D, Rhebergen AM, Raeves YD, Dahlhoff M, Dangles-Marie V, Hermans ER. OBSERVE: guidelines for the refinement of rodent cancer models. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00998-w. [PMID: 38992214 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Existing guidelines on the preparation (Planning Research and Experimental Procedures on Animals: Recommendations for Excellence (PREPARE)) and reporting (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE)) of animal experiments do not provide a clear and standardized approach for refinement during in vivo cancer studies, resulting in the publication of generic methodological sections that poorly reflect the attempts made at accurately monitoring different pathologies. Compliance with the 3Rs guidelines has mainly focused on reduction and replacement; however, refinement has been harder to implement. The Oncology Best-practices: Signs, Endpoints and Refinements for in Vivo Experiments (OBSERVE) guidelines are the result of a European initiative supported by EurOPDX and INFRAFRONTIER, and aim to facilitate the refinement of studies using in vivo cancer models by offering robust and practical recommendations on approaches to research scientists and animal care staff. We listed cancer-specific clinical signs as a reference point and from there developed sets of guidelines for a wide variety of rodent models, including genetically engineered models and patient derived xenografts. In this Consensus Statement, we systematically and comprehensively address refinement and monitoring approaches during the design and execution of murine cancer studies. We elaborate on the appropriate preparation of tumor-initiating biologicals and the refinement of tumor-implantation methods. We describe the clinical signs to monitor associated with tumor growth, the appropriate follow-up of animals tailored to varying clinical signs and humane endpoints, and an overview of severity assessment in relation to clinical signs, implantation method and tumor characteristics. The guidelines provide oncology researchers clear and robust guidance for the refinement of in vivo cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Laboratory Animal Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Karlijn Debusschere
- Animal Core Facility VUB, Brussels, Belgium
- Core ARTH Animal Facilities, Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kate Connor
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annette T Byrne
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Doreen Ram
- Laboratory Animal Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Els R Hermans
- Laboratory Animal Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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EGFR-Targeted ImmunoPET of UMUC3 Orthotopic Bladder Tumors. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:511-518. [PMID: 35147837 PMCID: PMC10187976 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) combines the specificity of an antibody with the sensitivity of PET to image dysregulated pathways in cancer. This study examines the performance of immunoPET using the radioimmunoconjugate [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Panitumumab to detect epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in an orthotopic model of bladder cancer (BCa). PROCEDURES Expression and quantification of EGFR receptors were confirmed in four different BCa cell lines. Binding assays validated [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Panitumumab specificity for EGFR-expressing UMUC3 BCa cells. Subcutaneous and orthotopic UMUC3 xenografts were then used for PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution of the radioimmunoconjugate. Control cohorts included non-tumor mice, 89Zr-labeled non-specific IgG, and blocking experiments. RESULTS [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Panitumumab binds specifically to EGFR-expressing UMUC3 cells with a Bmax value of 5.9 × 104 EGFRs/cell in vitro. ImmunoPET/CT images show localization of the antibody in subcutaneous UMUC3 xenografts and murine bladder tumors. In the orthotopic model, the immunoPET signal correlates with the respective tumor volume. Ex vivo biodistribution analysis further confirmed imaging results. CONCLUSION The preclinical data presents a proof of concept for utilizing EGFR-targeted immunoPET to image BCa with altered EGFR protein levels.
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Monoe Y, Jingushi K, Kawase A, Hirono T, Hirose R, Nakatsuji Y, Kitae K, Ueda Y, Hase H, Abe Y, Adachi J, Tomonaga T, Tsujikawa K. Pharmacological Inhibition of miR-130 Family Suppresses Bladder Tumor Growth by Targeting Various Oncogenic Pathways via PTPN1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094751. [PMID: 33947152 PMCID: PMC8124864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have revealed that the miR-130 family (miR-130b, miR-301a, and miR-301b) functions as an oncomiR in bladder cancer. The pharmacological inhibition of the miR-130 family molecules by the seed-targeting strategy with an 8-mer tiny locked nucleic acid (LNA) inhibits the growth, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cells by repressing stress fiber formation. Here, we searched for a functionally advanced target sequence with LNA for the miR-130 family with low cytotoxicity and found LNA #9 (A(L)^i^i^A(L)^T(L)^T(L)^G(L)^5(L)^A(L)^5(L)^T(L)^G) as a candidate LNA. LNA #9 inhibited cell growth in vitro and in an in vivo orthotopic bladder cancer model. Proteome-wide tyrosine phosphorylation analysis suggested that the miR-130 family upregulates a wide range of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) signaling via the expression of phosphorylated Src (pSrcTyr416). SILAC-based proteome analysis and a luciferase assay identified protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 (PTPN1), which is implicated as a negative regulator of multiple signaling pathways downstream of RTKs as a target gene of the miR-130 family. The miR-130-targeted LNA increased and decreased PTPN1 and pSrcTyr416 expressions, respectively. PTPN1 knockdown led to increased tumor properties (cell growth, invasion, and migration) and increased pSrcTyr416 expression in bladder cancer cells, suggesting that the miR-130 family upregulates multiple RTK signaling by targeting PTPN1 and subsequent Src activation in bladder cancer. Thus, our newly designed miR-130 family targeting LNA could be a promising nucleic acid therapeutic agent for bladder cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Oligonucleotides/therapeutic use
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/physiology
- RNA, Neoplasm/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/biosynthesis
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Monoe
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (T.H.); (R.H.); (Y.N.); (K.K.); (Y.U.); (H.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Kentaro Jingushi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (T.H.); (R.H.); (Y.N.); (K.K.); (Y.U.); (H.H.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-8192
| | - Akitaka Kawase
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (T.H.); (R.H.); (Y.N.); (K.K.); (Y.U.); (H.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Takayuki Hirono
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (T.H.); (R.H.); (Y.N.); (K.K.); (Y.U.); (H.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Ryo Hirose
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (T.H.); (R.H.); (Y.N.); (K.K.); (Y.U.); (H.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Yoshino Nakatsuji
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (T.H.); (R.H.); (Y.N.); (K.K.); (Y.U.); (H.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Kaori Kitae
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (T.H.); (R.H.); (Y.N.); (K.K.); (Y.U.); (H.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (T.H.); (R.H.); (Y.N.); (K.K.); (Y.U.); (H.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Hiroaki Hase
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (T.H.); (R.H.); (Y.N.); (K.K.); (Y.U.); (H.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Yuichi Abe
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; (Y.A.); (J.A.); (T.T.)
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; (Y.A.); (J.A.); (T.T.)
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; (Y.A.); (J.A.); (T.T.)
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (T.H.); (R.H.); (Y.N.); (K.K.); (Y.U.); (H.H.); (K.T.)
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Sun YU, Nishino H, Zhao M, Miyake K, Sugisawa N, Yamamoto J, Tashiro Y, Inubushi S, Hamada K, Zhu G, Lim H, Hoffman RM. A Non-invasive Imageable GFP-expressing Mouse Model of Orthotopic Human Bladder Cancer. In Vivo 2020; 34:3225-3231. [PMID: 33144427 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM A more realistic mouse model of bladder cancer is necessary to develop effective drugs for the disease. Tumor models enhanced by bright fluorescent-reporter genes to follow the disease in real-time would enhance the ability to accurately predict the efficacy of various therapeutics on this particularly-malignant human cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A highly-fluorescent green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing bladder cancer model was orthotopically established in nude mice using the UM-UC-3 human bladder-cancer cell line (UM-UC-3-GFP). Fragments from a subcutaneous tumor of UM-UC-3-GFP were surgically implanted into the nude mouse bladder. Non-invasive and intra-vital fluorescence imaging was obtained with a simple imaging box. RESULTS The GFP-expressing orthotopic bladder tumor was imaged in real-time non-invasively as well as intra-vitally, with the two methods correlating at r=0.99. CONCLUSION This is the first non-invasive-fluorescence-imaging orthotopic model of bladder cancer and can be used for rapidly screening novel effective agents for this recalcitrant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y U Sun
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Hiroto Nishino
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Yoshihiko Tashiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Sachiko Inubushi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Kazuyuki Hamada
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Hyein Lim
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. .,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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