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Zelisko N, Lesyk R, Stoika R. Structure, unique biological properties, and mechanisms of action of transforming growth factor β. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107611. [PMID: 38964148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a ubiquitous molecule that is extremely conserved structurally and plays a systemic role in human organism. TGF-β is a homodimeric molecule consisting of two subunits joined through a disulphide bond. In mammals, three genes code for TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 isoforms of this cytokine with a dominating expression of TGF-β1. Virtually, all normal cells contain TGF-β and its specific receptors. Considering the exceptional role of fine balance played by the TGF-β in anumber of physiological and pathological processes in human body, this cytokine may be proposed for use in medicine as an immunosuppressant in transplantology, wound healing and bone repair. TGFb itself is an important target in oncology. Strategies for blocking members of TGF-β signaling pathway as therapeutic targets have been considered. In this review, signalling mechanisms of TGF-β1 action are addressed, and their role in physiology and pathology with main focus on carcinogenesis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Zelisko
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
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崔 芝, 马 萃, 王 倩, 陈 金, 严 子, 杨 建, 吕 亚, 曹 春. [A recombinant adeno-associated virus expressing secretory TGF-β type Ⅱ receptor inhibits triple-negative murine breast cancer 4T1 cell proliferation and lung metastasis in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:818-826. [PMID: 38862439 PMCID: PMC11166713 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.05.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of an adeno-associated virus (AAV2) vector expressing secretory transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type Ⅱ receptor (sTβRⅡ) extracellular domain-IgG2a Fc fusion protein (sTβRⅡ-Fc) on proliferation and migration of triple-negative murine breast cancer 4T1 cells in mice. METHODS The pAAV-sTβRⅡ-Fc vector expressing sTβRⅡ-Fc fusion protein constructed by molecular cloning, the capsid protein-expressing vector pAAV2 and the helper vector were co-transfected into HEK 293T cells to prepare the recombinant AAV2-sTβRⅡ virus, which was purified by density gradient centrifugation with iodixanol. Western blotting was used to examine the effects of AAV-sTβRⅡ virus on Smad2/3 phosphorylation in 4T1 cells and on expression levels of E-cadherin, vimentin and p-Smad2/3 in 4T1 cell xenografts in mice. BALB/c mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of luciferase-expressing 4T1 cells received intravenous injections of AAV-sTβRⅡ virus, AAV-GFP virus or PBS (n=6) through the tail vein, and the proliferation and migration of 4T1 cells were analyzed with in vivo imaging. Ki67 expression in the tumor tissues and sTβRⅡ protein expressions in mouse livers were detected with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining, and tumor metastases in the vital organs were examined with HE staining. RESULTS The recombinant pAAV-sTβRⅡ-Fc vector successfully expressed sTβRⅡ in HEK 293T cells. Infection with AAV2-sTβRⅡ virus significantly reduced TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation in 4T1 cells and effectively inhibited proliferation and lung metastasis of 4T1 xenografts in mice (P<0.05). In the tumor-bearing mice, intravenous injection of AAV-sTβRⅡ virus significantly increased E-cadherin expression, reduced vimentin and Ki67 protein expressions and Smad2/3 phosphorylation level in the tumor tissues (P<0.05 or 0.01), and induced liver-specific sTβRⅡ expression without causing body weight loss or heart, liver, spleen or kidney pathologies. CONCLUSION The recombinant AVV2 vector encoding sTβRⅡ extracellular domain is capable of blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway to inhibit the proliferation and lung metastasis of 4T1 cells in mice.
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Li X, Zhang J, Wu Y, Ma C, Wei D, Pan L, Cai L. IGFBP7 remodels the tumor microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating the TGFβ1/SMAD signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:251. [PMID: 35761941 PMCID: PMC9214703 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of esophageal cancer, and its development, growth, and invasiveness are regulated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7 (IGFBP7), which is closely related to various tumors, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), which is a key signal mediator in oncogenesis, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I are important components of the TME. IGFBP7 can upregulate the expression of TGFβ1 and activate the TGFβ1/SMAD signaling pathway, which leads to an increase in collagen I in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). However, the contribution of IGFBP7 to TGFβ1 and the TME in the progression of ESCC remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated IGFBP7 expression and its effects on TGFβ1 and the TME in ESCC. A total of 45 patients were divided into three groups: early-tumor group (n=15), advanced-tumor group (n=15), and paracancer control group (n=15). The EC109 cell line was cultured and treated with AdIGFBP7 and LvshTGFβ1, and the expression levels of IGFBP7, TGFβ1, α-SMA, collagen I, and p-SMAD2/3 were determined by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting analysis. IGFBP7, TGFβ1, α-SMA, and collagen I were upregulated in the ESCC samples compared with the control samples (P<0.05), and the values peaked in the advanced-tumor group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the TGFβ1, α-SMA, p-SMAD2/3, and collagen I proteins were gradually increased from 24 to 72 h in the EC109 cells treated with AdIGFBP7 (P<0.05). Inhibition of TGFβ1 expression in the EC109 cells treated with AdIGFBP7 gradually reduced the expression of α-SMA, collagen I, and p-SMAD2/3 from 24 to 72 h (P<0.05). These findings suggest that increased IGFBP7 may accelerate the progression of ESCC by upregulating TGFβ1, α-SMA, and collagen I via activating the TGFβ1/SMAD signaling pathway, which could remodel the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215100, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Youshan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222042, P.R. China
| | - Chuntao Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215100, P.R. China
| | - Dongying Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222042, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222042, P.R. China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anus Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530012, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Liangliang Cai, Department of Gastrointestinal and Anus Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530012, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Liu L, Xiong X. Clinicopathologic Features and Molecular Biomarkers as Predictors of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Curr Oncol 2021; 29:77-93. [PMID: 35049681 PMCID: PMC8774362 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer ranks first in the incidence and mortality of cancer in the world, of which more than 80% are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The majority of NSCLC patients are in stage IIIB~IV when they are admitted to hospital and have no opportunity for surgery. Compared with traditional chemotherapy, specific targeted therapy has a higher selectivity and fewer adverse reactions, providing a new treatment direction for advanced NSCLC patients. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR-TKIs) are the widely used targeted therapy for NSCLC patients. Their efficacy and prognosis are closely related to the mutation status of the EGFR gene. Clinically, detecting EGFR gene mutation is often limited by difficulty obtaining tissue specimens, limited detecting technology, and economic conditions, so it is of great clinical significance to find indicators to predict EGFR gene mutation status. Clinicopathological characteristics, tumor markers, liquid biopsy, and other predictors are less invasive, economical, and easier to obtain. They can be monitored in real-time, which is supposed to predict EGFR mutation status and provide guidance for the accurate, individualized diagnosis and therapy of NSCLC patients. This article reviewed the correlation between the clinical indicators and EGFR gene mutation status in NSCLC patients.
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