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Wang F, Liang L, Yu M, Wang W, Badar IH, Bao Y, Zhu K, Li Y, Shafi S, Li D, Diao Y, Efferth T, Xue Z, Hua X. Advances in antitumor activity and mechanism of natural steroidal saponins: A review of advances, challenges, and future prospects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155432. [PMID: 38518645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, the second leading cause of death worldwide following cardiovascular diseases, presents a formidable challenge in clinical settings due to the extensive toxic side effects associated with primary chemotherapy drugs employed for cancer treatment. Furthermore, the emergence of drug resistance against specific chemotherapeutic agents has further complicated the situation. Consequently, there exists an urgent imperative to investigate novel anticancer drugs. Steroidal saponins, a class of natural compounds, have demonstrated notable antitumor efficacy. Nonetheless, their translation into clinical applications has remained unrealized thus far. In light of this, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review elucidating the antitumor activity, underlying mechanisms, and inherent limitations of steroidal saponins. Additionally, we propose a series of strategic approaches and recommendations to augment the antitumor potential of steroidal saponin compounds, thereby offering prospective insights for their eventual clinical implementation. PURPOSE This review summarizes steroidal saponins' antitumor activity, mechanisms, and limitations. METHODS The data included in this review are sourced from authoritative databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and others. RESULTS A comprehensive summary of over 40 steroidal saponin compounds with proven antitumor activity, including their applicable tumor types and structural characteristics, has been compiled. These steroidal saponins can be primarily classified into five categories: spirostanol, isospirostanol, furostanol, steroidal alkaloids, and cholestanol. The isospirostanol and cholestanol saponins are found to have more potent antitumor activity. The primary antitumor mechanisms of these saponins include tumor cell apoptosis, autophagy induction, inhibition of tumor migration, overcoming drug resistance, and cell cycle arrest. However, steroidal saponins have limitations, such as higher cytotoxicity and lower bioavailability. Furthermore, strategies to address these drawbacks have been proposed. CONCLUSION In summary, isospirostanol and cholestanol steroidal saponins demonstrate notable antitumor activity and different structural categories of steroidal saponins exhibit variations in their antitumor signaling pathways. However, the clinical application of steroidal saponins in cancer treatment still faces limitations, and further research and development are necessary to advance their potential in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Lu Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR, PR China
| | - Ma Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Iftikhar Hussain Badar
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China; Department of Meat Science and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Saba Shafi
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Dangdang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Yongchao Diao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Zheyong Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China.
| | - Xin Hua
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China.
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Liu H, Jiang C, Peng J, Hu X, Xia Y. Transplantation of Neural Stem Cells-Overexpressed Ku70 Improves Neurological Deficits in a Mice Model of Cerebral Ischemia Stroke. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:718-731. [PMID: 38063947 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease, which is related to DNA damage. Many researches have shown that Ku70 is a key regulator for DNA damage. Here, we aimed to explore Ku70 roles in cerebral ischemic stroke and its potential molecular mechanism. In our study, neural stem cells (NSCs) were induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) for constructing cerebral ischemic stroke cell model. CCK8 assay, Brdu/GFP staining, flow cytometry and TUNEL staining were performed to examine cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. Relative mRNA and protein levels were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Ku70 positive cells were examined by immunofluorescence staining. Comet assay was employed to determine DNA damage. Animal experiments were performed to assess the effect of transplanting NSCs and Ku70-overexpressed NSCs on neurological deficits, infarct volume, brain edema and blood‒brain barrier (BBB) integrity in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Our data found that Ku70 expression was decreased in NSCs after OGD/R. Overexpression of Ku70 reduced DNA damage and apoptosis of OGD/R-induced NSCs. Knockdown of Ku70 promoted the activity of ATM/p53. Moreover, KU60019 (ATM-specific inhibitor) reversed the promoting effects of Ku70 silencing on DNA damage and apoptosis in OGD/R-induced NSCs. In animal experiments, transplantation of NSCs-overexpressed Ku70 enhanced cell survival, improved motor function, reduced infarct volume, relieved brain edema and alleviated BBB dysfunction in MCAO mice models. In conclusion, Ku70 overexpression repressed the DNA damage and apoptosis in OGD/R-induced NSCs by regulating ATM/p53 pathway, and transplantation of NSCs-overexpressed Ku70 played neuroprotective effects in MCAO mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, 570203, Haikou City, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Chonghua Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, No.43, People's Avenue, Haidian Island, 570203, Haikou City, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, No.43, People's Avenue, Haidian Island, 570203, Haikou City, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiqi Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, No.43, People's Avenue, Haidian Island, 570203, Haikou City, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, No.43, People's Avenue, Haidian Island, 570203, Haikou City, Hainan Province, P.R. China.
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Hu Y, Liu Y, Zong L, Zhang W, Liu R, Xing Q, Liu Z, Yan Q, Li W, Lei H, Liu X. The multifaceted roles of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in cancer: therapeutic strategies and persisting obstacles. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:836. [PMID: 38104141 PMCID: PMC10725489 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a novel regulated cell death (RCD) mode associated with inflammation and innate immunity. Gasdermin E (GSDME), a crucial component of the gasdermin (GSDM) family proteins, has the ability to convert caspase-3-mediated apoptosis to pyroptosis of cancer cells and activate anti-tumor immunity. Accumulating evidence indicates that GSDME methylation holds tremendous potential as a biomarker for early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tumors. In fact, GSDME-mediated pyroptosis performs a dual role in anti-tumor therapy. On the one side, pyroptotic cell death in tumors caused by GSDME contributes to inflammatory cytokines release, which transform the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) from a 'cold' to a 'hot' state and significantly improve anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, due to GSDME is expressed in nearly all body tissues and immune cells, it can exacerbate chemotherapy toxicity and partially block immune response. How to achieve a balance between the two sides is a crucial research topic. Meanwhile, the potential functions of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) therapy have not yet been fully understood, and how to improve clinical outcomes persists obscure. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest research regarding the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and discuss the role of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in anti-tumor immunity and its potential applications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Hu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Lijuan Zong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wenyou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Renzhu Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Qichang Xing
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Qingzi Yan
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Wencan Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Haibo Lei
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
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Li XL, Zhang XX, Ma RH, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Cespedes-Acuña CL, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Integrated miRNA and mRNA omics reveal dioscin suppresses migration and invasion via MEK/ERK and JNK signaling pathways in human endometrial carcinoma in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116027. [PMID: 36503030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonatum sibiricum Redouté (PS, also called Huangjing in traditional Chinese medicine), is a perennial herb as homology of medicine and food. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory "Special Records of Famous Doctors", its functions include invigorating qi and nourishing yin, tonifying spleen and kidney. Traditionally, qi and blood therapy has been believed as most applicable to the treatment of uterine disease. The current research has focused on the effect and mechanism of dioscin, the main active component of PS, on Endometrial carcinoma (EC). AIM OF THE STUDY To study the efficacy of dioscin on proliferation and migration of Endometrial carcinoma cell line, we conducted experiments by using xenograft model and Ishikawa cells, and explored the potential molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS mRNA and miRNA omics techniques were employed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of dioscin on EC Ishikawa cells. Based on in vivo and in vitro experiments, cell clone formation, cell scratching, Transwell, H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, q-PCR, and Western blot techniques were used to determine the molecular effects and mechanisms of dioscin on cell migration. RESULTS Integrated miRNA and mRNA omics data showed that 513 significantly different genes marked enrichment in MAPK signaling pathway. The in vivo data showed that dioscin (24 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth. The in vitro proliferation and invasiveness of dioscin on Ishikawa cells showed that dioscin could significantly decrease the colony numbers, and suppress the Ishikawa cell wound healing, migration and invasion. Molecular data revealed that dioscin decreased the MMP2 and MMP9 expression in vitro and in vivo. The p-MEK, p-ERK, and p-JNK expression levels were also confirmed to be significantly reduced. Key regulators in the MAPK signaling pathway were further validated in xenograft tumors. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that dioscin inhibited Ishikawa cell migration and invasion mediated through MEK/ERK and JNK signaling. More importantly, screened hub miRNAs and genes can be regarded as potential molecular targets for future EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiu-Xiu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Run-Hui Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang W, Li S, Li C, Li T, Huang Y. Remodeling tumor microenvironment with natural products to overcome drug resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1051998. [PMID: 36439106 PMCID: PMC9685561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With cancer incidence rates continuing to increase and occurrence of resistance in drug treatment, there is a pressing demand to find safer and more effective anticancer strategy for cancer patients. Natural products, have the advantage of low toxicity and multiple action targets, are always used in the treatment of cancer prevention in early stage and cancer supplement in late stage. Tumor microenvironment is necessary for cancer cells to survive and progression, and immune activation is a vital means for the tumor microenvironment to eliminate cancer cells. A number of studies have found that various natural products could target and regulate immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, mast cells as well as inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. Natural products tuning the tumor microenvironment via various mechanisms to activate the immune response have immeasurable potential for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, it highlights the research findings related to natural products regulating immune responses against cancer, especially reveals the possibility of utilizing natural products to remodel the tumor microenvironment to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shubo Li
- Liaoning Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunting Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianye Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongye Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Protective effects of Dioscorea polystachya ethanol extracts against lead acetate-induced oxidative DNA damage in MRC-5 cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Huang N, Yu D, Huo J, Wu J, Chen Y, Du X, Wang X. Study of Saponin Components after Biotransformation of Dioscorea nipponica by Endophytic Fungi C39. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:2943177. [PMID: 35601820 PMCID: PMC9117070 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2943177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted the solid fermentation process of Dioscorea nipponica using endophytic fungi C39 to determine the changes in the diosgenin concentration. The results revealed that endophytic fungi C39 could effectively biotransform the saponin components in D. nipponica. Moreover, the maximum increase in the diosgenin concentration reached 62.67% in 15 days of solid fermentation. MTT assay results demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of the fermentation drugs on four types of cancer cells (liver cancer cells (HepG2), stomach cancer cells (BGC823), cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and lung cancer cells (A549)) were better than those of the crude drugs obtained from D. nipponica. The chemical composition of the samples obtained before and after the biotransformation of D. nipponica was analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. A total of 32 compounds were identified, 21 of which have been reported in Dioscorea saponins and the ChemSpider database and 11 compounds were identified for the first time in D. nipponica. The biotransformation process was inferred based on the variation trend of saponins, which included transformation pathways pertaining to glycolytic metabolism, ring closure reaction, dehydrogenation, and carbonylation. The cumulative findings provide the basis for the rapid qualitative analysis of the saponin components of D. nipponica before and after biotransformation. The 11 metabolites obtained from biotransformation are potential active ingredients obtained from D. nipponica, which can be used to further identify pharmacodynamically active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Jinhai Huo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, China
| | - Junkai Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Yiyang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Xiaowei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
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Zou Y. Naturally occurring steroidal saponins as potential anticancer agents: Current developments and mechanisms of action. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1442-1456. [PMID: 35352659 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220330011047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is claimed as a prevalent cause of mortality throughout the world. Conventional chemotherapy plays a pivotal role in the treatment of cancers, but the multidrug resistance has already become one of the major impediments for efficacious cancer therapy, creating a great demand for the development of novel anticancer drugs. Steroidal saponins, abundantly found in nature, possess extensive structural variability, and some naturally occurring steroidal saponins exhibited profound anticancer properties through a variety of pathways. Hence, naturally occurring steroidal saponins are powerful lead compounds/candidates in the development of novel therapeutic agents. This review article described the recent progress in naturally occurring steroidal saponins as potential anticancer agents, and the mechanisms of action were also discussed, covering articles published between 2017 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zou
- The Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
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Fujita J, Taniguchi M, Hashizume C, Ueda Y, Sakai S, Kondo T, Hashimoto-Nishimura M, Hanada K, Kosaka T, Okazaki T. Nuclear Ceramide Is Associated with Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Activation in the Neocarzinostatin-Induced Apoptosis of Lymphoblastoid Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 101:322-333. [PMID: 35273080 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid that mediates ionizing radiation- and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Neocarzinostatin (NCS) is a genotoxic anti-cancer drug that induces apoptosis in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activation. However, the involvement of ceramide in NCS-evoked nuclear events such as DSB-activated ATM has not been clarified. Here, we found that nuclear ceramide increased by NCS-mediated apoptosis through the enhanced assembly of ATM and the meiotic recombination 11/double-strand break repair/Nijmengen breakage syndrome 1 (MRN) complex proteins in human lymphoblastoid L-39 cells. NCS induced an increase of ceramide production through activation of neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) and suppression of sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) upstream of DSB-mediated ATM activation. In ATM-deficient lymphoblastoid AT-59 cells compared with L-39 cells, NCS treatment showed a decrease of apoptosis even though ceramide increase and DSBs were observed. Expression of wild-type ATM, but not the kinase-dead mutant ATM, in AT-59 cells increased NCS-induced apoptosis despite similar ceramide accumulation. Interestingly, NCS increased ceramide content in the nucleus through nSMase activation and SMS suppression and promoted colocalization of ceramide with phosphorylated ATM and foci of MRN complex. Inhibition of ceramide generation by the overexpression of SMS suppressed NCS-induced apoptosis through the inhibition of ATM activation and assembly of the MRN complex. In addition, inhibition of ceramide increased by the nSMase inhibitor GW4869 prevented NCS-mediated activation of the ATM. Therefore, our findings suggest the involvement of the nuclear ceramide with ATM activation in NCS-mediated apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrates that regulation of ceramide with neutral sphingomyelinase and sphingomyelin synthase in the nucleus in double-strand break-mimetic agent neocarzinostatin (NCS)-induced apoptosis. This study also showed that ceramide increase in the nucleus plays a role in NCS-induced apoptosis through activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated/meiotic recombination 11/double-strand break repair/Nijmengen breakage syndrome 1 complex in human lymphoblastoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fujita
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Chieko Hashizume
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Yoshibumi Ueda
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Shota Sakai
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Tadakazu Kondo
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Mayumi Hashimoto-Nishimura
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
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Spiegel M, Krzyżek P, Dworniczek E, Adamski R, Sroka Z. In Silico Screening and In Vitro Assessment of Natural Products with Anti-Virulence Activity against Helicobacter pylori. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010020. [PMID: 35011255 PMCID: PMC8746548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most frequent human pathogens and a leading etiological agent of various gastric diseases. As stringent response, coordinated by a SpoT protein, seems to be crucial for the survivability of H. pylori, the main goal of this article was to use in silico computational studies to find phytochemical compounds capable of binding to the active site of SpoT from H. pylori and confirm the ability of the most active candidates to interfere with the virulence of this bacterium through in vitro experiments. From 791 natural substances submitted for the virtual screening procedure, 10 were chosen and followed for further in vitro examinations. Among these, dioscin showed the most interesting parameters (the lowest MIC, the highest anti-biofilm activity in static conditions, and a relatively low stimulation of morphological transition into coccoids). Therefore, in the last part, we extended the research with a number of further experiments and observed the ability of dioscin to significantly reduce the formation of H. pylori biofilm under Bioflux-generated flow conditions and its capacity for additive enhancement of the antibacterial activity of all three commonly used antibiotics (clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin). Based on these results, we suggest that dioscin may be an interesting candidate for new therapies targeting H. pylori survivability and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Spiegel
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Krzyżek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Ewa Dworniczek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Adamski
- Laboratory of Microscopic Techniques, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 50-001 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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11
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Cancer Chemopreventive Role of Dietary Terpenoids by Modulating Keap1-Nrf2-ARE Signaling System—A Comprehensive Update. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ROS, RNS, and carcinogenic metabolites generate excessive oxidative stress, which changes the basal cellular status and leads to epigenetic modification, genomic instability, and initiation of cancer. Epigenetic modification may inhibit tumor-suppressor genes and activate oncogenes, enabling cells to have cancer promoting properties. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the NFE2L2 gene, and is activated in response to cellular stress. It can regulate redox homoeostasis by expressing several cytoprotective enzymes, including NADPH quinine oxidoreductase, heme oxygenase-1, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, etc. There is accumulating evidence supporting the idea that dietary nutraceuticals derived from commonly used fruits, vegetables, and spices have the ability to produce cancer chemopreventive activity by inducing Nrf2-mediated detoxifying enzymes. In this review, we discuss the importance of these nutraceuticals in cancer chemoprevention and summarize the role of dietary terpenoids in this respect. This approach was taken to accumulate the mechanistic function of these terpenoids to develop a comprehensive understanding of their direct and indirect roles in modulating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling system.
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