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Wang D, Pan H, Cheng S, Huang Z, Shi Z, Deng H, Yang J, Jin C, Dai J. Construction and Validation of a Prognostic Model Based on Mitochondrial Genes in Prostate Cancer. Horm Metab Res 2024. [PMID: 38870985 DOI: 10.1055/a-2330-3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This study attempted to build a prostate cancer (PC) prognostic risk model with mitochondrial feature genes. PC-related MTGs were screened for Cox regression analyses, followed by establishing a prognostic model. Model validity was analyzed via survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and model accuracy was validated in the GEO dataset. Combining risk score with clinical factors, the independence of the risk score was verified by using Cox analysis, followed by generating a nomogram. The Gleason score, microsatellite instability (MSI), immune microenvironment, and tumor mutation burden were analyzed in two risk groups. Finally, the prognostic feature genes were verified through a q-PCR test. Ten PC-associated MTGs were screened, and a prognostic model was built. Survival analysis and ROC curves illustrated that the model was a good predictor for the risk of PC. Cox regression analysis revealed that risk score acted as an independent prognostic factor. The Gleason score and MSI in the high-risk group were substantially higher than in the low-risk group. Levels of ESTIMATE Score, Immune Score, Stromal Score, immune cells, immune function, immune checkpoint, and immunopheno score of partial immune checkpoints in the high-risk group were significantly lower than in the low-risk group. Genes with the highest mutation frequencies in the two groups were SPOP, TTN, and TP53. The q-PCR results of the feature genes were consistent with the gene expression results in the database. The 10-gene model based on MTGs could accurately predict the prognosis of PC patients and their responses to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Cheng
- Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhenlei Shi
- Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Junwu Yang
- Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chenghua Jin
- Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jin Dai
- Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Yang XX, Wang C. CircITGA7 regulates malignant phenotypes in bladder cancer cells via targeting miR-330-3p/KLF10 axis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:324-334. [PMID: 38523597 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the common malignancies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play regulatory roles in cancer progression. CircITGA7 is a circRNA generated from several exons of ITGA7. The potential role of circITGA7 in BCa remains unknown and needs to be explored. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to assess circITGA7 and miR-330-3p expression in BCa tissues and cell lines. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the overall survival of these BCa patients. The biological function of circITGA7 was examined by overexpression of circITGA7 using CCK-8, EdU, wound-healing, and Transwell assays. Xenograft assay was performed to further validate the in vitro results. To explore the mechanism of circITGA7, luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were employed to examine the binding interaction among circITGA7, miR-330-3p and kruppel-like factor 10 (KLF10). Western blot was used to study the protein levels of KLF10.CircITGA7 was downregulated in BCa tissues and cell lines and indicated longer overall survival. Moreover, circITGA7 restricted cell proliferation, migration and invasion of BCa through negatively regulating miR-330-3p. The in vivo model showed that circITGA7 influenced the tumor growth. Besides, the overexpression of miR-330-3p promoted cell progression by directly targeting KLF10. Mechanistically, circITGA7 inhibited BCa progression by activating KLF10 via targeting miR-330-3p.CircITGA7 alleviates BCa cell progression via circITGA7/hsa-miR-330-3p/KLF10 axis, which may provide novel therapeutic targets for BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Xu Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Xiao X, Li R, Cui B, Lv C, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Hui R, Wang Y. Liver ACSM3 deficiency mediates metabolic syndrome via a lauric acid-HNF4α-p38 MAPK axis. EMBO J 2024; 43:507-532. [PMID: 38191811 PMCID: PMC10897460 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome combines major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, making deeper insight into its pathogenesis important. We here explore the mechanistic basis of metabolic syndrome by recruiting an essential patient cohort and performing extensive gene expression profiling. The mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3 (ACSM3) was identified to be significantly lower expressed in the peripheral blood of metabolic syndrome patients. In line, hepatic ACSM3 expression was decreased in mice with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, Acsm3 knockout mice showed glucose and lipid metabolic abnormalities, and hepatic accumulation of the ACSM3 fatty acid substrate lauric acid. Acsm3 depletion markedly decreased mitochondrial function and stimulated signaling via the p38 MAPK pathway cascade. Consistently, Acsm3 knockout mouse exhibited abnormal mitochondrial morphology, decreased ATP contents, and enhanced ROS levels in their livers. Mechanistically, Acsm3 deficiency, and lauric acid accumulation activated nuclear receptor Hnf4α-p38 MAPK signaling. In line, the p38 inhibitor Adezmapimod effectively rescued the Acsm3 depletion phenotype. Together, these findings show that disease-associated loss of ACSM3 facilitates mitochondrial dysfunction via a lauric acid-HNF4a-p38 MAPK axis, suggesting a novel therapeutic vulnerability in systemic metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Rizhao Port Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Rutai Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Li Z, Yao Y, Qi T, Wu Z, Deng D, Liu B. ACSM6 overexpression indicates a non-inflammatory tumor microenvironment and predicts treatment response in bladder cancer: results from multiple real-world cohorts. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1222512. [PMID: 37426827 PMCID: PMC10323142 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1222512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: ACSMs play critical roles in lipid metabolism; however, their immunological function within the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear, especially that of ACSM6. In this study, we investigate the latent effect of ACSM6 on bladder cancer (BLCA). Methods: Several real-world cohorts, including the Xiangya (in-house), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BLCA), and IMvigor210 cohorts, with TCGA-BLCA cohort serving as the discovery cohort were compared. We investigated the potential immunological effects of ACSM6 in regulating the BLCA tumor microenvironment by analyzing its correlation with immunomodulators, anti-cancer immune cycles, immune checkpoints, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the T-cell inflamed score (TIS). Additionally, we assessed the precision of ACSM6 in predicting BLCA molecular subtypes and responses to several treatments using ROC analysis. To ensure the robustness of our findings, all results were confirmed in two independent external cohorts: the IMvigor210 and Xiangya cohorts. Results: ACSM6 expression was markedly upregulated in BLCA. Our analysis suggests that ACSM6 might have significant impact to promote the formation of a non-inflamed tumor microenvironment because of its negative correlation with immunomodulators, anticancer immune cycles, immune checkpoints, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the T-cell inflamed score (TIS). Additionally, high ACSM6 expression levels in BLCA may predict the luminal subtype, which is typically associated with resistance to chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. These findings were consistent across both the IMvigor210 and Xiangya cohorts. Conclusion: ACSM6 has the potential to serve as a valuable predictor of the tumor microenvironment phenotypes and treatment outcomes in BLCA, thereby contributing to more precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Urology, Hengyang Medical School, Unversity of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yiyan Yao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tiezheng Qi
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingshan Deng
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bolong Liu
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Andrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Zheng X, Wu J, Song L, Huang B. ACSM3 suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in acute myeloid leukemia cells via the regulation of IGF2BP2. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:177. [PMID: 37006876 PMCID: PMC10061044 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA medium-chain synthetase-3 (ACSM3) has been reported to be involved in the malignant progression of multiple types of human cancer. Nevertheless, the role of ACSM3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its exact mechanism of action are as yet undefined. In the present study, the expression levels of ACSM3 and IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) were evaluated using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database and AML cells. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining were employed for the estimation of the cell proliferative activity. Induction of apoptosis and the assessment of the cell cycle were measured using flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. The interaction of ACSM3 with IGF2BP2 was confirmed using an RNA immunoprecipitation assay. mRNA stabilization of ACSM3 following actinomycin D treatment was evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. The data indicated that the expression levels of ACSM3 were significantly downregulated, whereas those of IGF2BP2 were upregulated in tissues and AML cells. Downregulation of ACSM3 expression was closely associated with poor overall survival of patients with AML. ACSM3 overexpression repressed cell proliferative activity and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. IGF2BP2 downregulated ACSM3 expression by reducing the stability of ACSM3 mRNA. In addition, IGF2BP2 overexpression counteracted the effects of ACSM3 overexpression noted on proliferation, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of HL-60 cells. In conclusion, ACSM3 repressed the cell proliferative activity and facilitated induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in AML cells by modulating the expression of IGF2BP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jianghan Oilfield General Hospital of Changjiang University, Qianjiang, Hubei 433124, P.R. China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jianghan Oilfield General Hospital of Changjiang University, Qianjiang, Hubei 433124, P.R. China
| | - Linlan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
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Jia F, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Tan G, Wang Z. FZD1/KLF10-hsa-miR-4762-5p/miR-224-3p-circular RNAs axis as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for glioblastoma: a comprehensive report. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:21. [PMID: 36755291 PMCID: PMC9909915 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circular RNA (circRNA) plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of tumors as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Given the high aggressiveness and fatality rate of glioblastoma (GBM) as well as poor prognosis, it is necessary to construct a circRNA-related ceRNA network for further studies on the mechanism of GBM and identify possible biomarkers as well as therapeutic drugs. METHODS Three datasets from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded to distinguish differential circRNAs, microRNAs, and messenger RNAs respectively in GBM. With the help of GEPIA2, circBank, CSCD, TargetScan, miRDB, and miRTarBase databases, we established a circRNAs-related ceRNA network in GBM. Functional enrichments were employed to profile the most relevant mRNAs to indirectly clarify the mechanisms of the ceRNA network. Based on the expression profile data and survival information of GBM patients from the GEO and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) databases, we performed survival analysis to select prognostic mRNAs and constructed a novel circRNA-miRNA-mRNA central regulatory subnetwork. The DGIdb database was used to find potential drug-gene interactions. RESULTS The datasets obtained from the GEO and TCGA databases were analyzed, and 504 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), 71 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and 270 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were screened out. The novel ceRNA regulatory network included 22 circRNAs, 11 miRNAs, and 15 mRNAs. FZD1 and KLF10 were significantly correlated with the overall survival rate of patients with GBM (P < 0.05). The final survival subnetwork contained six circRNAs, two miRNAs, and two mRNAs. Two small-molecule compounds and one antibody could be used as therapeutic drugs for GBM. Interestingly, the Wnt signaling pathway appeared in both KEGG and GO functional terms. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study demonstrate that FZD1 and KLF10 may exert regulatory functions in GBM, and the ceRNA-mediated network could be a therapeutic strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jia
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361001 Fujian China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- grid.410612.00000 0004 0604 6392Rehabilitation Department, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia China
| | - Zhengye Jiang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361001 Fujian China
| | - Guowei Tan
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361001 Fujian China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian, China.
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Zhang Y, Yao C, Ju Z, Jiao D, Hu D, Qi L, Liu S, Wu X, Zhao C. Krüppel-like factors in tumors: Key regulators and therapeutic avenues. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1080720. [PMID: 36761967 PMCID: PMC9905823 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1080720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a group of DNA-binding transcriptional regulators with multiple essential functions in various cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The aberrant expression of KLFs is often found in tumor tissues and is essential for tumor development. At the molecular level, KLFs regulate multiple signaling pathways and mediate crosstalk among them. Some KLFs may also be molecular switches for specific biological signals, driving their transition from tumor suppressors to promoters. At the histological level, the abnormal expression of KLFs is closely associated with tumor cell stemness, proliferation, apoptosis, and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Notably, the role of each KLF in tumors varies according to tumor type and different stages of tumor development rather than being invariant. In this review, we focus on the advances in the molecular biology of KLFs, particularly the regulations of several classical signaling pathways by these factors, and the critical role of KLFs in tumor development. We also highlight their strong potential as molecular targets in tumor therapy and suggest potential directions for clinical translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongjie Yao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyong Ju
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danli Jiao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Hu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Qi
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimin Liu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chen Zhao, ; Xueqing Wu,
| | - Chen Zhao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chen Zhao, ; Xueqing Wu,
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Sun T, Tong W, Pu J, Yu Z, Kang Z. SH3BP1 Regulates Melanoma Progression Through Race1/Wace2 Signaling Pathway. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2023; 17:11795549231168075. [PMID: 37114076 PMCID: PMC10126683 DOI: 10.1177/11795549231168075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SH3-domain binding protein-1 (SH3BP1), which specifically inactivates Rac1 and its target protein Wave2, has been shown to be an important regulator of cancer metastasis. However, the effects of SH3BP1 in melanoma progression remain unclear. The current study aimed to explore the function of SH3BP1 in melanoma and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods TCGA database was used to analyze the expression of SH3BP1 in melanoma. Then, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of SH3BP1 in melanoma tissues and cells. Next, genes related to SH3BP1 were analyzed by LinkedOmics database, and protein interactions were analyzed by STRING database. These genes were further subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. In addition, the signaling pathway of SH3BP1 action was screened by bioinformatics analysis. Finally, the function of SH3BP1 and its mediated signaling pathway in melanoma progression were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results SH3BP1 was significantly upregulated in melanoma tissues and cells. The pathways regulated by SH3BP1 are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. And we found that overexpression of SH3BP1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells by increasing Rac1 activity and Wave2 protein levels in vitro. Similarly, overexpression of SH3BP1 facilitated melanoma progression by upregulating Wave2 protein expression in vivo. Conclusion In summary, this study revealed for the first time that SH3BP1 promoted melanoma progression through Rac1/Wave2 signaling pathway, providing a new therapeutic target for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Middle
Military Command General Hospital of PLA, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxian Tong
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth
Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Pu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin
Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguo Yu
- Department of Emergency, Central
Theater General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengchun Kang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery,
Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Zhengchun Kang, Department of Colorectal
Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu
District, Shanghai 200433, China.
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