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Prabhu KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Ahmad N, Habeeba U, Mariyam Z, Suleman M, Bhat AA, Uddin S. H2AX: A key player in DNA damage response and a promising target for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116663. [PMID: 38688170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by a complex interaction of factors that interrupt the normal growth and division of cells. At the center of this process is the intricate relationship between DNA damage and the cellular mechanisms responsible for maintaining genomic stability. When DNA damage is not repaired, it can cause genetic mutations that contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. On the other hand, the DNA damage response system, which involves the phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX (γH2AX), is crucial in preserving genomic integrity by signaling and facilitating the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. This review provides an explanation of the molecular dynamics of H2AX in the context of DNA damage response. It emphasizes the crucial role of H2AX in recruiting and localizing repair machinery at sites of chromatin damage. The review explains how H2AX phosphorylation, facilitated by the master kinases ATM and ATR, acts as a signal for DNA damage, triggering downstream pathways that govern cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, and the cellular fate decision between repair and cell death. The phosphorylation of H2AX is a critical regulatory point, ensuring cell survival by promoting repair or steering cells towards apoptosis in cases of catastrophic genomic damage. Moreover, we explore the therapeutic potential of targeting H2AX in cancer treatment, leveraging its dual function as a biomarker of DNA integrity and a therapeutic target. By delineating the pathways that lead to H2AX phosphorylation and its roles in apoptosis and cell cycle control, we highlight the significance of H2AX as both a prognostic tool and a focal point for therapeutic intervention, offering insights into its utility in enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Nuha Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Ummu Habeeba
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Zahwa Mariyam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory of Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Chen YN, Chan YH, Shiau JP, Farooqi AA, Tang JY, Chen KL, Yen CY, Chang HW. The neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 inhibits proliferation and triggers apoptosis of oral cancer cells but not for normal cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:299-313. [PMID: 37705323 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased neddylation benefits the survival of several types of cancer cells. The inhibition of neddylation has the potential to exert anticancer effects but is rarely assessed in oral cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferation potential of a neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 (pevonedistat) for oral cancer cells. MLN4924 inhibited the cell viability of oral cancer cells more than that of normal oral cells (HGF-1) with 100% viability, that is, IC50 values of oral cancer cells (CAL 27, OC-2, and Ca9-22) are 1.8, 1.4, and 1.9 μM. MLN4924 caused apoptotic changes such as the subG1 accumulation, activation of annexin V, pancaspase, and caspases 3/8/9 of oral cancer cells at a greater rate than in normal oral cells. MLN4924 induced greater oxidative stress in oral cancer cells compared to normal cells by upregulating reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide and depleting the mitochondrial membrane potential and glutathione. In oral cancer cells, preferential inductions also occurred for DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine). Therefore, this investigation demonstrates that MLN4924 is a potential anti-oral-cancer agent showing preferential inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of DNA damage with fewer cytotoxic effects on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ning Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Liang Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lee MY, Shiau JP, Tang JY, Hou MF, Primus PS, Kao CL, Choo YM, Chang HW. Boesenbergia stenophylla-Derived Stenophyllol B Exerts Antiproliferative and Oxidative Stress Responses in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells with Few Side Effects in Normal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097751. [PMID: 37175458 PMCID: PMC10178828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is insensitive to target therapy for non-TNBC and needs novel drug discovery. Extracts of the traditional herb Boesenbergia plant in Southern Asia exhibit anticancer effects and contain novel bioactive compounds but merely show cytotoxicity. We recently isolated a new compound from B. stenophylla, stenophyllol B (StenB), but the impact and mechanism of its proliferation-modulating function on TNBC cells remain uninvestigated. This study aimed to assess the antiproliferative responses of StenB in TNBC cells and examine the drug safety in normal cells. StenB effectively suppressed the proliferation of TNBC cells rather than normal cells in terms of an ATP assay. This preferential antiproliferative function was alleviated by pretreating inhibitors for oxidative stress (N-acetylcysteine (NAC)) and apoptosis (Z-VAD-FMK). Accordingly, the oxidative-stress-related mechanisms were further assessed. StenB caused subG1 and G2/M accumulation but reduced the G1 phase in TNBC cells, while normal cells remained unchanged between the control and StenB treatments. The apoptosis behavior of TNBC cells was suppressed by StenB, whereas that of normal cells was not suppressed according to an annexin V assay. StenB-modulated apoptosis signaling, such as for caspases 3, 8, and 9, was more significantly activated in TNBC than in normal cells. StenB also caused oxidative stress in TNBC cells but not in normal cells according to a flow cytometry assay monitoring reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and their membrane potential. StenB induced greater DNA damage responses (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) in TNBC than in normal cells. All these StenB responses were alleviated by NAC pretreatment. Collectively, StenB modulated oxidative stress responses, leading to the antiproliferation of TNBC cells with little cytotoxicity in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Phoebe Sussana Primus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chai-Lin Kao
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yeun-Mun Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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