1
|
Vanajothi R, Srikanth N, Vijayakumar R, Palanisamy M, Bhavaniramya S, Premkumar K. HPV-mediated Cervical Cancer: A Systematic review on Immunological Basis, Molecular Biology and Immune evasion mechanisms. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:782-801. [PMID: 34939539 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666211221160632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV), one of the most frequently transmitted viruses globally, causing several malignancies including cervical cancer. AIM Owing to their unique pathogenicity HPV viruses can persist in the host organism for a longer duration than other virus types, to complete their lifecycle. During its association with the host, HPV causes various pathological conditions affecting the immune system by evading the host immune- mechanisms leading to the progression of various diseases, including cancer. METHOD To date, ~ 150 serotypes were identified, and certain high-risk HPV types are known to be associated with genital warts and cervical cancer. As of now, two prophylactic vaccines are in use for the treatment of HPV infection, however, no effective antiviral drug is available for HPV-associated disease/infections. Numerous clinical and laboratory studies are being investigated to formulate an effective and specific vaccine again HPV infections and associated diseases. RESULT As the immunological basis of HPV infection and associated disease progress persist indistinctly, deeper insights on immune evasion mechanism and molecular biology of disease would aid in developing an effective vaccine. CONCLUSION Thus this review focuses, aiming a systematic review on the immunological aspects of HPV-associated cervical cancer by uncovering immune evasion strategies adapted by HPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramar Vanajothi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024. India
| | - Natarajan Srikanth
- Department of Integrative Biology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore. India
| | - Rajendran Vijayakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952. Saudi Arabia
| | - Manikandan Palanisamy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952. Saudi Arabia
| | - Sundaresan Bhavaniramya
- College of Food and Dairy Technology, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University, Chennai-600052, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - Kumpati Premkumar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024. India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sasidharanpillai S, Ravishankar N, Kamath V, Bhat PV, Bhatt P, Arunkumar G. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA among Men with Oropharyngeal and Anogenital Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1351-1364. [PMID: 34048162 PMCID: PMC8408381 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.5.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The term ''Human Papillomavirus'' or ''HPV'' has become synonymous with uterine cervical cancer leading to feminisation of all the preventive measures, especially immunisation. Taking into consideration the rising number of HPV associated cancers among men in many developed countries and the risk of transmission to women, male HPV infection is a serious concern. A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature was performed to determine the global prevalence of HPV among men with oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature was performed searching electronic databases for published articles in English between January 1984- April 2020 based on standard systematic review guidelines. The meta-analysis component was modified appropriately for the synthesis of prevalence study results. National Institutes of Health checklist for observational, cohort and cross-sectional studies was used to assess the quality of the studies selected after the abstract and content review. The meta-analysis was performed in STATA version 13.0 (College Station, Texas 77,845 USA) and the forest plots were constructed using metan package in STATA. RESULTS Through the electronic search of databases, 3486 original articles were screened for eligibility. Fifty-eight articles were systematically reviewed and 42 articles were qualified for meta-analysis including 4,250 men with oropharyngeal, penile and prostate cancers. The pooled prevalence of HPV DNA in oropharyngeal cancers was 45% (95%CI 24.0%-66.0%). Meanwhile the pooled prevalence rates of 48% (CI 40.0%- 57.0%) and 19% (CI 10.0%-29.0%) were observed in penile and prostate cancers respectively. Even though, articles regarding HPV prevalence in anal cancers were systematically reviewed, none of the studies were qualified for meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Higher pooled prevalence of HPV DNA was observed among men with oropharyngeal and penile cancers. Multicentric molecular studies investigating the prevalence of HPV in prostate cancers have to be planned in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagaraja Ravishankar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Veena Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine, Centre for Vaccine Studies-In Charge, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Parvati V Bhat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr T M A Pai Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Puneet Bhatt
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gu W, Zhang P, Zhang G, Zhou J, Ding X, Wang Q, Wang B, Wei Y, Jin S, Ye D, Zhu Y. Importance of HPV in Chinese Penile Cancer: A Contemporary Multicenter Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1521. [PMID: 33014796 PMCID: PMC7498546 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the HPV DNA prevalence and genotype distribution among penile cancer in China. To identify association between HPV prevalence, different histological subtypes, tumor stage, tumor grade, demographics, comorbidity, and phimosis incidence trend. Standardized HPV DNA detection and p16INK4a expression were used in a multi-center series of 340 penile squamous cell carcinomas diagnosed from 2006 to 2017. Materials and Methods: HPV DNA detection and genotyping were examined by a validated kit for 23 different HPV subtypes (PCR-RDB HPV test). The cases with positive HPV DNA were additional tested for p16INK4a expression to confirm the HPV infection. Results: Using the PCR-RDB HPV test, overall HPV prevalence was 48.8% (166/340) and that of p16INK4a expression was 45.6%. In this studied population, HPV16 was the most frequent HPV type detected in HPV-positive cancers (76.5%). HPV18 was the second most common type in penile cancers (15.1%). After pathology review, 307 cases were confirmed as invasive penile cancer, and the other 33 were non-invasive caners. The histologic subtypes of warty, basaloid, clear cell papillary, adenosquamaous and pseudohyperplastic were showed high HPV DNA prevalence. Among invasive cancers, no statistically significant differences in prevalence were observed by tumor grade, tumor stage or lymphnode stage at diagnosis. HPV positive penile cancer incidence significantly increase and the phimosis incidence significantly decrease from 2006 to 2017. Conclusions: About a half of penile cancers were related to HPV infection. Our findings highlight the phimosis related penile cancers have been declining, the HPV related in the development of penile cancer and a fully aware of regional differences in HPV genotype distribution are tasks for penile cancer control and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Gu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hosiptial, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaquan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xuefei Ding
- Department of Urology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Beihe Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengming Jin
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu YB, Wang YH, Yang XC, Zhao Y, Wang ML, Liang Y, Niu HT. The relationship between human papillomavirus and penile cancer over the past decade: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Androl 2020; 21:375-380. [PMID: 31134917 PMCID: PMC6628743 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_39_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection appears to play an important role in the development of penile cancer (PeCa), but their relationship remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate their relationship. We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for case-control studies and cross-sectional studies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) or paraffin-embedded (PE) PeCa tissues to detect HPV (published between January 1, 2007, and December 29, 2017; no language restrictions). Twenty-two studies were identified, and 1664 cases were available for analysis. The combined HPV infectious risk of PeCa is 51.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.0%–60.0%). The three most common subtypes of HPV were HPV16 (28.5%), HPV18 (2.3%), and HPV6 (2.3%). The virus was relevantly associated with basaloid (85.5%, 95% CI: 77.2%–93.8%) and warty (50.0%, 95% CI: 35.2%–64.8%) carcinomas. The invasiveness of PeCa was not associated with HPV (χ2 = 0.181, df = 1, P < 0.671). HPV infection in PeCa tended to be moderately differentiated (54.4%, 95% CI: 47.7%–61.1%). This study found that almost half of PeCa patients are associated with HPV. The most commonly associated genotype is HPV16, but several other genotypes were also detected. In addition to types 6 and 11, other single low-risk HPV infections have been found to contribute to PeCa to a lesser degree. HPV-positive tumors tend to exhibit warty and/or basaloid features, corresponding to a moderate histological grade. The role of HPV in PeCa should be revisited to provide evidence for the development of PeCa in the presence of HPV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Yu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yong-Hua Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xue-Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mei-Lan Wang
- The Nursing Department, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hai-Tao Niu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Olesen TB, Sand FL, Rasmussen CL, Albieri V, Toft BG, Norrild B, Munk C, Kjær SK. Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA and p16 INK4a in penile cancer and penile intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 2018; 20:145-158. [PMID: 30573285 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous meta-analyses have examined human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA prevalence in penile cancer, none, to our knowledge, have assessed pooled HPV DNA prevalence in penile intraepithelial neoplasia or p16INK4a percent positivity in penile cancer and penile intraepithelial neoplasia. Therefore, we aimed to examine the prevalence of HPV DNA and p16INK4a positivity in penile cancer and penile intraepithelial neoplasia worldwide. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until July 24, 2017, for English-language articles published from Jan 1, 1986, onwards reporting the prevalence of HPV DNA and p16INK4a positivity, either alone or in combination, in at least five cases of penile cancer or penile intraepithelial neoplasia. Only studies that used PCR or hybrid capture for the detection of HPV DNA and immunohistochemical staining or methylation for the detection of p16INK4a were included. Data were extracted and subsequently crosschecked, and inconsistencies were discussed to reach consensus. Using random-effects models, we estimated the pooled prevalence and 95% CI of HPV DNA and p16INK4a positivity in penile cancer and penile intraepithelial neoplasia, stratifying by histological subtype and HPV DNA or p16INK4a detection method. Type-specific prevalence of HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, and HPV45 in penile cancer was estimated. FINDINGS Our searches identified 1836 non-duplicate records, of which 73 relevant papers (71 studies) were found to be eligible. The pooled HPV DNA prevalence in penile cancer (52 studies; n=4199) was 50·8% (95% CI 44·8-56·7; I2=92·6%, pheterogeneity<0·0001). A high pooled HPV DNA prevalence was seen in basaloid squamous cell carcinomas (84·0%, 95% CI 71·0-93·6; I2=48·0%, pheterogeneity=0·0197) and in warty-basaloid carcinoma (75·7%, 70·1-81·0; I2=0%, pheterogeneity=0·52). The predominant oncogenic HPV type in penile cancer was HPV16 (68·3%, 95% CI 58·9-77·1), followed by HPV6 (8·1%, 4·0-13·7) and HPV18 (6·9%, 2·9-12·4). The pooled HPV DNA prevalence in penile intraepithelial neoplasia (19 studies; n=445) was 79·8% (95% CI 69·3-88·6; I2=83·2%, pheterogeneity<0·0001). The pooled p16INK4a percent positivity in penile cancer (24 studies; n=2295) was 41·6% (95% CI 36·2-47·0; I2=80·6%, pheterogeneity<0·0001), with a high pooled p16INK4a percent positivity in HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma (85·8%, 95% CI 72·1-95·4; I2=56·4%, pheterogeneity=0·0011) as compared with non-HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma (17·1%, 7·9-29·1; I2=78·3%, pheterogeneity<0·0001). Moreover, among HPV-positive cases of penile cancer, the p16INK4a percent positivity was 79·6% (95% CI 65·7-90·7; I2=89·9%, pheterogeneity<0·0001), compared with 18·5% (9·6-29·6; I2=89·3%, pheterogeneity<0·0001) in HPV-negative penile cancers. The pooled p16INK4a percent positivity in penile intraepithelial neoplasia (six studies; n=167) was 49·5% (95% CI 18·6-80·7). INTERPRETATION A large proportion of penile cancers and penile intraepithelial neoplasias are associated with infection with HPV DNA (predominantly HPV16), emphasising the possible benefits of HPV vaccination in men and boys. FUNDING None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Bech Olesen
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Freja Lærke Sand
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Vanna Albieri
- Unit of Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bodil Norrild
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Munk
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Krüger Kjær
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sakamoto J, Shigehara K, Nakashima K, Kawaguchi S, Nakashima T, Shimamura M, Yasuda M, Kato T, Hasegawa T, Kobori Y, Okada H, Deguchi T, Izumi K, Kadono Y, Mizokami A. Etiological role of human papillomavirus infection in the development of penile cancer. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 78:148-154. [PMID: 30423461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and penile cancer among Japanese patients. METHODS Thirty-four patients with penile cancer were enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples, and HPV-DNA tests and genotyping were performed. For all of the samples, in situ hybridization (ISH) was performed to locate HPV-DNA in tumor tissue. Furthermore, expression levels of p16-INK4a, mini-chromosome maintenance protein 7(mcm-7), HPV-L1, and Ki-67 were analyzed using immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS HPV and high-risk (HR)-HPV were detected in 14 (41.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 24.6-57.7%) and 12 (35.2%; 95% CI 19.2-51.4%) cases, respectively. HPV16 was the most frequently detected HPV type. Among the HR-HPV-positive cases, a punctate HR-HPV-DNA signal pattern was detected by ISH in tumor cell nuclei. P16-INK4a was expressed in 66.7% (95% CI 42.8-90.1%) of HR-HPV-positive cases and was significantly more frequent and stronger in HR-HPV-positive cases than in HPV-negative cases. There was no significant difference in the occurrence or distribution of mcm-7 or Ki-67 expression between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cases. HPV-L1 expression was not observed in any of the cases examined. CONCLUSIONS HPV infection may have had an etiological role in 41% of the examined cases of penile cancer in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shigehara
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Kazufumi Nakashima
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Kawaguchi
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takao Nakashima
- Department of Urology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuru Yasuda
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Taku Kato
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Yoshitomo Kobori
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical School Koshigaya Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical School Koshigaya Hospital, Japan
| | - Takashi Deguchi
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kouji Izumi
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kadono
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Senba M, Mori N. Mechanisms of virus immune evasion lead to development from chronic inflammation to cancer formation associated with human papillomavirus infection. Oncol Rev 2012; 6:e17. [PMID: 25992215 PMCID: PMC4419623 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2012.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has developed strategies to escape eradication by innate and adaptive immunity. Immune response evasion has been considered an important aspect of HPV persistence, which is the main contributing factor leading to HPV-related cancers. HPV-induced cancers expressing viral oncogenes E6 and E7 are potentially recognized by the immune system. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are patrolled by natural killer cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, respectively. This system of recognition is a main target for the strategies of immune evasion deployed by viruses. The viral immune evasion proteins constitute useful tools to block defined stages of the MHC class I presentation pathway, and in this way HPV avoids the host immune response. The long latency period from initial infection to persistence signifies that HPV evolves mechanisms to escape the immune response. It has now been established that there are oncogenic mechanisms by which E7 binds to and degrades tumor suppressor Rb, while E6 binds to and inactivates tumor suppressor p53. Therefore, interaction of p53 and pRb proteins can give rise to an increased immortalization and genomic instability. Overexpression of NF-κB in cervical and penile cancers suggests that NF-κB activation is a key modulator in driving chronic inflammation to cancer. HPV oncogene-mediated suppression of NF-κB activity contributes to HPV escape from the immune system. This review focuses on the diverse mechanisms of the virus immune evasion with HPV that leads to chronic inflammation and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masachika Senba
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University
| | - Naoki Mori
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
SENBA MASACHIKA, BUZIBA NATHAN, MORI NAOKI, FUJITA SHUICHI, MORIMOTO KONOSUKE, WADA AKIHIRO, TORIYAMA KAN. Human papillomavirus infection induces NF-κB activation in cervical cancer: A comparison with penile cancer. Oncol Lett 2011; 2:65-68. [PMID: 22870130 PMCID: PMC3412480 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2010.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in cervical cancer using 62 tissues of cervical cancer, and to compare the findings to penile cancer. HPV-DNA integration is a crucial factor for malignant transformation in cervical cancer and can be identified using in situ hybridization. Of the 62 cases, HPV infection was detected in 28 (45.2%). This frequency was lower than in penile cancer (68.2%) as shown by our previous study. The earliest age of onset of cervical and penile cancer was 18 and 35, respectively, whereas the mean age of the initial diagnosis of cervical and penile cancer was 50.1 and 59.6, respectively. The discrepancies of HPV prevalence, earliest ages of onset and mean ages between cervical and penile cancer patients may result from the gender-based synergistic action of HPV associated with multiple epidemiological co-factors. Of the 28 HPV-infected cases, NF-κB expression was observed in the nucleus in 18 (64.3%), in the cytoplasm in 19 (67.9%) and in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm in 27 cases (96.4%). The overexpression of NF-κB in cervical cancer cases suggests that NF-κB activation is a key modulator in driving chronic inflammation to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MASACHIKA SENBA
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523
| | - NATHAN BUZIBA
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Health Science, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - NAOKI MORI
- Department of Internal Medicine, Omoromachi Medical Center, Okinawa 900-0011, Japan
| | - SHUICHI FUJITA
- Division of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588
| | - KONOSUKE MORIMOTO
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523
| | - AKIHIRO WADA
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523
| | - KAN TORIYAMA
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red-Cross Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Hospital, Nagasaki 852-8511
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Senba M, Mori N, Fujita S, Jutavijittum P, Yousukh A, Toriyama K, Wada A. Relationship among human papillomavirus infection, p16(INK4a), p53 and NF-κB activation in penile cancer from northern Thailand. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:599-603. [PMID: 22966350 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncoproteins are essential factors for HPV oncogenesis. These E6 and E7 gene products play a central role in the induction of malignant transformation by interacting with several cellular regulatory proteins such as p16(INK4a), p53 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). In the present study, conducted in northern Thailand, HPV-DNA was detected in penile cancer cases using an in situ hybridization procedure and p16(INK4a), p53 and NF-κB were detected by immunohistochemistry. Using the cell cycle regulatory proteins p16(INK4a) (61.5%) and p53 (71.8%), it was found that of the 51 cases, 39 (76.5%) were HPV-DNA-positive in penile cancer. On the other hand, 25% p16(INK4a) and 75% p53, respectively, were found in HPV-negative cases. Prevalence of HPV infection (76.5%) was shown in penile cancer cases in northern Thailand. No difference was found between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cases with respect to the presence of the cell cycle regulatory protein p53. On the other hand, p16(INK4a) was found to be different between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cases. Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, such as p16(INK4a) and p53, to genetic instability, cell immortalization, accumulation of mutations and cancer formation, with or without HPV and irrespective of HPV infection, is therefore suggested. Of the 39 HPV-positive cases, 35 (89.7%) were NF-κB-positive in the nucleus, 29 (74.4%) in the cytoplasm and 37 (94.9%) in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm. NF-κB was detected in 4 (33.3%) of the 12 HPV-negative cases. Therefore, we propose that penile cancer cases with HPV infection are more likely to activate NF-κB than those without HPV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masachika Senba
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|