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Development and Validation of a TNF Family-Based Signature for Predicting Prognosis, Tumor Immune Characteristics, and Immunotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6439975. [PMID: 34541005 PMCID: PMC8448595 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6439975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive analysis of TNF family members in colorectal cancer (CRC) was conducted and a TNF family-based signature (TFS) was generated to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response. Using the expression data of 516 CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, TNF family members were screened to construct a TFS by using the univariate Cox proportional hazards regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator- (LASSO-) Cox proportional hazards regression method. The TFS was then validated in a meta-Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort (n = 1162) from the GEO database. Additionally, the tumor immune characteristics and predicted responses to immune checkpoint blockade in TFS-based risk subgroups were analyzed. Eight genes (TNFRSF11A, TNFRSF10C, TNFRSF10B, TNFSF11, TNFRSF25, TNFRSF19, LTBR, and NGFR) were used to construct the TFS. Compared to the high-risk patients, the low-risk patients had better overall survival, which was verified by the GEO data. In addition, a high TFS risk score was associated with high infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs), nonactivated macrophages (M0), natural killer cells, immune escape phenotypes, poor immunotherapy response, and tumorigenic and metastasis-related pathways. Conversely, a low TFS risk score was related to high infiltration of resting CD4 memory T cells and resting dendritic cells, few immune escape phenotypes, and high sensitivity to immunotherapy. Thus, the eight gene-based TFS is a promising index to predict the prognosis, immune characteristics, and immunotherapy response in CRC, and our results also provide new understanding of the role of the TNF family members in the prognosis and treatment of CRC.
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Seo Y, Park SY, Kim HS, Nam JS. The Hippo-YAP Signaling as Guardian in the Pool of Intestinal Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120560. [PMID: 33271948 PMCID: PMC7760694 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite endogenous insults such as mechanical stress and danger signals derived from the microbiome, the intestine can maintain its homeostatic condition through continuous self-renewal of the crypt–villus axis. This extraordinarily rapid turnover of intestinal epithelium, known to be 3 to 5 days, can be achieved by dynamic regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The crypt base-located leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5-positive (Lgr5+) ISCs maintain intestinal integrity in the steady state. Under severe damage leading to the loss of conventional ISCs, quiescent stem cells and even differentiated cells can be reactivated into stem-cell-like cells with multi-potency and contribute to the reconstruction of the intestinal epithelium. This process requires fine-tuning of the various signaling pathways, including the Hippo–YAP system. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the correlation between Hippo–YAP signaling and intestinal homeostasis, repair, and tumorigenesis, focusing specifically on ISC regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Seo
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.K.); (J.-S.N.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8231 (H.-S.K.); +82-62-715-2893 (J.-S.N.)
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-S.K.); (J.-S.N.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8231 (H.-S.K.); +82-62-715-2893 (J.-S.N.)
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Cardoso J, Mesquita M, Dias Pereira A, Bettencourt-Dias M, Chaves P, Pereira-Leal JB. CYR61 and TAZ Upregulation and Focal Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition May Be Early Predictors of Barrett's Esophagus Malignant Progression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161967. [PMID: 27583562 PMCID: PMC5008832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus is the major risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. It has a low but non-neglectable risk, high surveillance costs and no reliable risk stratification markers. We sought to identify early biomarkers, predictive of Barrett's malignant progression, using a meta-analysis approach on gene expression data. This in silico strategy was followed by experimental validation in a cohort of patients with extended follow up from the Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa de Francisco Gentil EPE (Portugal). Bioinformatics and systems biology approaches singled out two candidate predictive markers for Barrett's progression, CYR61 and TAZ. Although previously implicated in other malignancies and in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotypes, our experimental validation shows for the first time that CYR61 and TAZ have the potential to be predictive biomarkers for cancer progression. Experimental validation by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed the up-regulation of both genes in Barrett's samples associated with high-grade dysplasia/adenocarcinoma. In our cohort CYR61 and TAZ up-regulation ranged from one to ten years prior to progression to adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus index samples. Finally, we found that CYR61 and TAZ over-expression is correlated with early focal signs of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Our results highlight both CYR61 and TAZ genes as potential predictive biomarkers for stratification of the risk for development of adenocarcinoma and suggest a potential mechanistic route for Barrett's esophagus neoplastic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Cardoso
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Ophiomics—Precision Medicine, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Marta Mesquita
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde–Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António Dias Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde–Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Paula Chaves
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde–Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José B. Pereira-Leal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Ophiomics—Precision Medicine, Lisboa, Portugal
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Zanconato F, Cordenonsi M, Piccolo S. YAP/TAZ at the Roots of Cancer. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:783-803. [PMID: 27300434 PMCID: PMC6186419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1289] [Impact Index Per Article: 161.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are highly related transcriptional regulators pervasively activated in human malignancies. Recent work indicates that, remarkably, YAP/TAZ are essential for cancer initiation or growth of most solid tumors. Their activation induces cancer stem cell attributes, proliferation, chemoresistance, and metastasis. YAP/TAZ are sensors of the structural and mechanical features of the cell microenvironment. A number of cancer-associated extrinsic and intrinsic cues conspire to overrule the YAP-inhibiting microenvironment of normal tissues, including changes in mechanotransduction, inflammation, oncogenic signaling, and regulation of the Hippo pathway. Addiction to YAP/TAZ thus potentially represents a central cancer vulnerability that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zanconato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Cordenonsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy.
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Gevaert O, Mitchell LA, Achrol AS, Xu J, Echegaray S, Steinberg GK, Cheshier SH, Napel S, Zaharchuk G, Plevritis SK. Glioblastoma multiforme: exploratory radiogenomic analysis by using quantitative image features. Radiology 2014; 273:168-74. [PMID: 24827998 PMCID: PMC4263772 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14131731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To derive quantitative image features from magnetic resonance (MR) images that characterize the radiographic phenotype of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) lesions and to create radiogenomic maps associating these features with various molecular data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical, molecular, and MR imaging data for GBMs in 55 patients were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Cancer Imaging Archive after local ethics committee and institutional review board approval. Regions of interest (ROIs) corresponding to enhancing necrotic portions of tumor and peritumoral edema were drawn, and quantitative image features were derived from these ROIs. Robust quantitative image features were defined on the basis of an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.6 for a digital algorithmic modification and a test-retest analysis. The robust features were visualized by using hierarchic clustering and were correlated with survival by using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Next, these robust image features were correlated with manual radiologist annotations from the Visually Accessible Rembrandt Images (VASARI) feature set and GBM molecular subgroups by using nonparametric statistical tests. A bioinformatic algorithm was used to create gene expression modules, defined as a set of coexpressed genes together with a multivariate model of cancer driver genes predictive of the module's expression pattern. Modules were correlated with robust image features by using the Spearman correlation test to create radiogenomic maps and to link robust image features with molecular pathways. RESULTS Eighteen image features passed the robustness analysis and were further analyzed for the three types of ROIs, for a total of 54 image features. Three enhancement features were significantly correlated with survival, 77 significant correlations were found between robust quantitative features and the VASARI feature set, and seven image features were correlated with molecular subgroups (P < .05 for all). A radiogenomics map was created to link image features with gene expression modules and allowed linkage of 56% (30 of 54) of the image features with biologic processes. CONCLUSION Radiogenomic approaches in GBM have the potential to predict clinical and molecular characteristics of tumors noninvasively. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Gevaert
- From the Departments of Medicine (O.G.), Radiology (O.G., L.A.M., J.X., S.E., S.N., G.Z., S.K.P.), and Neurosurgery (A.S.A., G.K.S., S.H.C.), Stanford University, 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94304-5479
| | - Lex A. Mitchell
- From the Departments of Medicine (O.G.), Radiology (O.G., L.A.M., J.X., S.E., S.N., G.Z., S.K.P.), and Neurosurgery (A.S.A., G.K.S., S.H.C.), Stanford University, 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94304-5479
| | - Achal S. Achrol
- From the Departments of Medicine (O.G.), Radiology (O.G., L.A.M., J.X., S.E., S.N., G.Z., S.K.P.), and Neurosurgery (A.S.A., G.K.S., S.H.C.), Stanford University, 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94304-5479
| | - Jiajing Xu
- From the Departments of Medicine (O.G.), Radiology (O.G., L.A.M., J.X., S.E., S.N., G.Z., S.K.P.), and Neurosurgery (A.S.A., G.K.S., S.H.C.), Stanford University, 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94304-5479
| | - Sebastian Echegaray
- From the Departments of Medicine (O.G.), Radiology (O.G., L.A.M., J.X., S.E., S.N., G.Z., S.K.P.), and Neurosurgery (A.S.A., G.K.S., S.H.C.), Stanford University, 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94304-5479
| | - Gary K. Steinberg
- From the Departments of Medicine (O.G.), Radiology (O.G., L.A.M., J.X., S.E., S.N., G.Z., S.K.P.), and Neurosurgery (A.S.A., G.K.S., S.H.C.), Stanford University, 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94304-5479
| | - Samuel H. Cheshier
- From the Departments of Medicine (O.G.), Radiology (O.G., L.A.M., J.X., S.E., S.N., G.Z., S.K.P.), and Neurosurgery (A.S.A., G.K.S., S.H.C.), Stanford University, 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94304-5479
| | - Sandy Napel
- From the Departments of Medicine (O.G.), Radiology (O.G., L.A.M., J.X., S.E., S.N., G.Z., S.K.P.), and Neurosurgery (A.S.A., G.K.S., S.H.C.), Stanford University, 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94304-5479
| | - Greg Zaharchuk
- From the Departments of Medicine (O.G.), Radiology (O.G., L.A.M., J.X., S.E., S.N., G.Z., S.K.P.), and Neurosurgery (A.S.A., G.K.S., S.H.C.), Stanford University, 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94304-5479
| | - Sylvia K. Plevritis
- From the Departments of Medicine (O.G.), Radiology (O.G., L.A.M., J.X., S.E., S.N., G.Z., S.K.P.), and Neurosurgery (A.S.A., G.K.S., S.H.C.), Stanford University, 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94304-5479
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Li YH. Clinical significance of expression of TAZ protein in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:1428-1431. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i15.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of TAZ and β-catenin in gastric cancer and to analyze their correlation with the clinicopathological features of gastric cancer.
METHODS: Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of TAZ and β-catenin in 129 gastric cancinoma specimens and matched normal colorectal mucosal specimens.
RESULTS: The positive rate of TAZ expression was significantly higher in chronic atrophic gastritis (66.67%), intestinal metaplasia (69.57%), dysplasia (71.88%) and gastric carcinoma (75.19%) than in normal gastric mucosa (20.93%). The positive rates of β-catenin expression was significantly higher in chronic atrophic gastritis (62.96%), intestinal metaplasia (73.91%), dysplasia (65.63%) and gastric carcinoma (65.89%) than in normal gastric mucosa (24.81%). The expression of TAZ was correlated with histological classification (P < 0.05), Lauren's classification (P < 0.01), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01), invasion depth (P < 0.01), and distant metastasis (P < 0.05). The expression of β-catenin was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), invasion depth (P < 0.01), and distant metastasis (P < 0.05). The expression of TAZ protein was significantly positively correlated with that of β-catenin protein (r = 0. 246, P < 0. 01).
CONCLUSION: Up-regulated expression of TAZ and β-catenin may be synergistically involved in the growth, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Sun K, Deng HJ, Lei ST, Dong JQ, Li GX. miRNA-338-3p suppresses cell growth of human colorectal carcinoma by targeting smoothened. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2197-2207. [PMID: 23599646 PMCID: PMC3627884 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i14.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the regulative effect of miRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) on cell growth in colorectal carcinoma (CRC).
METHODS: The lentiviral vector pLV-THM-miR-338-3p and pLV-THM-miR-338-3p-inhibitor were constructed. The recombinant viral vector encoding the pre-miR-338-3p or miR-338-3p-inhibitor and the two packaging plasmids psPAX2 and pMD2.G were cotransfected into human embryonic kidney 293T cells to package lentivirus. The supernatant containing the lentivirus particles was harvested to determine the viral titer, and this supernatant was then used to transduce CRC-derived cell line, SW-620. Flow cytometry was utilized for sorting the green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ cells to establish the SW-620 cell line stably expressing pre-miR-338-3p or miR-338-3p-inhibitor. Moreover, the expression of miR-338-3p was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of the smoothened (SMO, the possible target of miR-338-3p) protein in SW-620 cells. Furthermore, the status of CRC cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry, respectively.
RESULTS: Restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing demonstrated that the lentiviral vector pLV-THM-miR-338-3p and pLV-THM-miR-338-3p-inhibitor were constructed successfully. GFP was expressed after the SW-620 cells were transduced by the lentivirus. Expression of miR-338-3p in SW-620 cells transduced with the lentivirus pLV-THM-miR-338-3p was significantly increased (relative expression 3.91 ± 0.51 vs 2.36 ± 0.44, P < 0.01). Furthermore, overexpression of miR-338-3p inhibited the expression of SMO protein in SW-620 cells, which showed obviously suppressed proliferation ability [cellular proliferation inhibition rate (CPIR) 61.9% ± 5.2% vs 41.6% ± 4.8%, P < 0.01]. Expression of miR-338-3p in SW-620 cells transduced with the lentivirus pLV-THM-miR-338-3p-inhibitor was significantly decreased (relative expression 0.92 ± 0.29 vs 2.36 ± 0.44, P < 0.01). Moreover, the downregulated expression of miR-338-3p caused upregulated expression of the SMO protein in SW-620 cells, which showed significantly enhanced proliferation ability (CPIR 19.2% ± 3.8% vs 41.6% ± 4.8%, P < 0.01). However, anti-SMO-siRNA largely, but not completely, reversed the effects induced by blockage of miR-338-3p, suggesting that the regulative effect of miR-338-3p on CRC cell growth was indeed mediated by SMO.
CONCLUSION: miR-338-3p could suppress CRC growth by inhibiting SMO protein expression.
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