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Anić P, Golubić Talić J, Božinović K, Dediol E, Mravak-Stipetić M, Grce M, Milutin Gašperov N. Methylation of Immune Gene Promoters in Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097698. [PMID: 37175405 PMCID: PMC10178514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) that can be attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is growing nowadays. A potential factor indicating the occurrence of HPV-positive OSCC is a change in the degree of methylation of gene promoters that play a key role in the immune response. In this study, we investigated the difference in the methylation of EDARADD, GBP4, HAVCR2, HLA DPB1, IL12RB1, MARCO, and SIGLEC12 gene promoters in samples of healthy oral mucosa versus samples of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. The presence of HPV infection in samples was examined earlier. To determine the difference in methylation of those gene promotors, isolated and bisulfite-modified DNA was analysed by the methylation-specific PCR method. The investigated gene promoters were found to be more hypomethylated in the oral and oropharyngeal cancer samples in comparison to normal tissue. The proportion of unmethylated gene promoters was similar in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cancers, although the data should be confirmed on a larger set of samples. To conclude, in samples of healthy oral mucosa, the investigated gene promoters were found to be methylated in a high percentage (73.3% to 100%), while in oral and oropharyngeal cancer samples, they were methylated in a low percentage (11.1% to 37%), regardless of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Anić
- Research Department, Srebrnjak Children's Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ksenija Božinović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emil Dediol
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marinka Mravak-Stipetić
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Magdalena Grce
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Zuñiga-Hernandez J, Meneses C, Bastias M, Allende ML, Glavic A. Drosophila DAxud1 Has a Repressive Transcription Activity on Hsp70 and Other Heat Shock Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087485. [PMID: 37108646 PMCID: PMC10138878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster DAxud1 is a transcription factor that belongs to the Cysteine Serine Rich Nuclear Protein (CSRNP) family, conserved in metazoans, with a transcriptional transactivation activity. According to previous studies, this protein promotes apoptosis and Wnt signaling-mediated neural crest differentiation in vertebrates. However, no analysis has been conducted to determine what other genes it might control, especially in connection with cell survival and apoptosis. To partly answer this question, this work analyzes the role of Drosophila DAxud1 using Targeted-DamID-seq (TaDa-seq), which allows whole genome screening to determine in which regions it is most frequently found. This analysis confirmed the presence of DAxud1 in groups of pro-apoptotic and Wnt pathway genes, as previously described; furthermore, stress resistance genes that coding heat shock protein (HSP) family genes were found as hsp70, hsp67, and hsp26. The enrichment of DAxud1 also identified a DNA-binding motif (AYATACATAYATA) that is frequently found in the promoters of these genes. Surprisingly, the following analyses demonstrated that DAxud1 exerts a repressive role on these genes, which are necessary for cell survival. This is coupled with the pro-apoptotic and cell cycle arrest roles of DAxud1, in which repression of hsp70 complements the maintenance of tissue homeostasis through cell survival modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Zuñiga-Hernandez
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Macarena Bastias
- Centro de Biotecnología vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile
| | - Miguel L Allende
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Alvaro Glavic
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
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Bica C, Tirpe A, Nutu A, Ciocan C, Chira S, Gurzau ES, Braicu C, Berindan-Neagoe I. Emerging roles and mechanisms of semaphorins activity in cancer. Life Sci 2023; 318:121499. [PMID: 36775114 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins are regulatory molecules that are linked to the modulation of several cancer processes, such as angiogenesis, cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis, tumor growth, as well as cancer cell survival. Semaphorin (SEMA) activity depends on the cancer histotypes and their particularities. In broad terms, the effects of SEMAs result from their interaction with specific receptors/co-receptors - Plexins, Neuropilins and Integrins - and the subsequent effects upon the downstream effectors (e.g. PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK). The present article serves as an integrative review work, discussing the broad implications of semaphorins in cancer, focusing on cell proliferation/survival, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, stemness, and chemo-resistance/response whilst highlighting their heterogeneity as a family. Herein, we emphasized that semaphorins are largely implicated in cancer progression, interacting with the tumor microenvironment components. Whilst some SEMAs (e.g. SEMA3A, SEMA3B) function widely as tumor suppressors, others (e.g. SEMA3C) act as pro-tumor semaphorins. The differences observed in terms of the biological structure of SEMAs and the particularities of each cancer histotypes require that each semaphorin be viewed as a unique entity, and its roles must be researched accordingly. A more in-depth and comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms that promote and sustain the malignant behavior of cancer cells is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bica
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Tirpe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Cristina Ciocan
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Eugen S Gurzau
- Cluj School of Public Health, College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 7 Pandurilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Environmental Health Center, 58 Busuiocului Street, 400240 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
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Head and Neck Cancers Are Not Alike When Tarred with the Same Brush: An Epigenetic Perspective from the Cancerization Field to Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225630. [PMID: 34830785 PMCID: PMC8616074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Squamous cell carcinomas affect different head and neck subsites and, although these tumors arise from the same epithelial lining and share risk factors, they differ in terms of clinical behavior and molecular carcinogenesis mechanisms. Differences between HPV-negative and HPV-positive tumors are those most frequently explored, but further data suggest that the molecular heterogeneity observed among head and neck subsites may go beyond HPV infection. In this review, we explore how alterations of DNA methylation and microRNA expression contribute to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) development and progression. The association of these epigenetic alterations with risk factor exposure, early carcinogenesis steps, transformation risk, and prognosis are described. Finally, we discuss the potential application of the use of epigenetic biomarkers in HNSCC. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are among the ten most frequent types of cancer worldwide and, despite all efforts, are still diagnosed at late stages and show poor overall survival. Furthermore, HNSCC patients often experience relapses and the development of second primary tumors, as a consequence of the field cancerization process. Therefore, a better comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in HNSCC development and progression may enable diagnosis anticipation and provide valuable tools for prediction of prognosis and response to therapy. However, the different biological behavior of these tumors depending on the affected anatomical site and risk factor exposure, as well as the high genetic heterogeneity observed in HNSCC are major obstacles in this pursue. In this context, epigenetic alterations have been shown to be common in HNSCC, to discriminate the tumor anatomical subsites, to be responsive to risk factor exposure, and show promising results in biomarker development. Based on this, this review brings together the current knowledge on alterations of DNA methylation and microRNA expression in HNSCC natural history, focusing on how they contribute to each step of the process and on their applicability as biomarkers of exposure, HNSCC development, progression, and response to therapy.
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Human chromosome 3p21.3 carries TERT transcriptional regulators in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15355. [PMID: 34321527 PMCID: PMC8319171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the short arm of human chromosome 3 (3p) region has been found in pancreatic cancer (PC), which suggests the likely presence of tumor suppressor genes in this region. However, the functional significance of LOH in this region in the development of PC has not been clearly defined. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT) contributes to unlimited proliferative and tumorigenicity of malignant tumors. We previously demonstrated that hTERT expression was suppressed by the introduction of human chromosome 3 in several cancer cell lines. To examine the functional role of putative TERT suppressor genes on chromosome 3 in PC, we introduced an intact human chromosome 3 into the human PK9 and murine LTPA PC cell lines using microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. PK9 microcell hybrids with an introduced human chromosome 3 showed significant morphological changes and rapid growth arrest. Intriguingly, microcell hybrid clones of LTPA cells with an introduced human chromosome 3 (LTPA#3) showed suppression of mTert transcription, cell proliferation, and invasion compared with LTPA#4 cells containing human chromosome 4 and parental LTPA cells. Additionally, the promoter activity of mTert was downregulated in LTPA#3. Furthermore, we confirmed that TERT regulatory gene(s) are present in the 3p21.3 region by transfer of truncated chromosomes at arbitrary regions. These results provide important information on the functional significance of the LOH at 3p for development and progression of PC.
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Hua C, Zhu J, Zhang B, Sun S, Song Y, van der Veen S, Cheng H. Digital RNA Sequencing of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Carrying Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7. Front Genet 2020; 11:819. [PMID: 32849815 PMCID: PMC7419603 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the predominant cause of cervical cancer and its early gene E7 plays an important role in cellular proliferation and cell-cycle progression. While tremendous progress has been made in exploring the molecular mechanisms in late tumorigenesis, many pathways showing how HPV deregulates host gene expression in early inapparent infections and early tumorigenesis still remain undefined. Digital RNA sequencing was performed and a total of 195 differentially expressed genes were identified between the HPV16 E7-transfected NHEKs and control cells (p < 0.05, fold-change > 2). GO enrichment showed that HPV16 E7 primarily affected processes involved in anti-viral and immune responses, while KEGG pathway analysis showed enrichment of gene clusters of associated with HPV infection and MAPK signaling. Of the differentially expressed genes, IFI6, SLC39A9 and ZNF185 showed a strong correlation with tumor progression and patient survival in the OncoLnc database while roles for AKAP12 and DUSP5 in carcinogenesis and poor prognosis have previously been established for other cancer types. Our study identified several novel HPV16 E7-regulated candidate genes with putative functions in tumorigenesis, thus providing new insights into HPV persistence in keratinocytes and early onset of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stijn van der Veen
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ambele MA, van Zyl A, Pepper MS, van Heerden MB, van Heerden WFP. Amplification of 3q26.2, 5q14.3, 8q24.3, 8q22.3, and 14q32.33 Are Possible Common Genetic Alterations in Oral Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:683. [PMID: 32426287 PMCID: PMC7203479 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of clinical biomarkers for head and neck cancer subtypes limits early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. This study investigates genetic alterations in clinically identical tumor, tumor-adjacent dysplastic epithelium (TADE) and normal epithelium (NE) in five oral cancer patients to identify differences and commonalities between oral cancer, TADE and NE. A VELscope®Vx device was used to identify TADE and NE surrounding a clinical tumor for analysis of genetic alterations using the OncoScan® assay. One of the tumor samples examined was an “M” class tumor with a high confidence BRAF:p.G469A:c.1406G>C somatic mutation, which is the first to be reported in oral cancer. Another tumor showed mosaicism in genetic alterations, indicating the presence of multiple clones. Overall, each patient's tumor, TADE and NE showed a distinct genetic profile which indicates intertumoral clonal/genetic diversity. Interestingly, four tumors showed gain of 3q26.2, 5q14.3, 8q24.3, 8q22.3, 14q32.33 and loss/LOH in 9p21.3 while all TADE had LOH on 22q11.23. In addition, some genetic alterations progressed from NE through TADE into tumor in individual patients. Furthermore, no molecular event was identified that is common to all NE and/or TADE that progressed into tumor. This pilot study demonstrates the presence of genetic heterogeneity in oral tumorigenesis, and suggests that there might exist some common genetic alterations between tumors and TADE. However, this observation would need to be further investigated and validated in a larger cohort of oral cancer patients for its potential role in oral tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin A Ambele
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andre van Zyl
- Specialist in Oral Medicine and Periodontics, Private Practice, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marlene B van Heerden
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Willie F P van Heerden
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Bai G, Song J, Yuan Y, Chen Z, Tian Y, Yin X, Niu Y, Liu J. Systematic analysis of differentially methylated expressed genes and site-specific methylation as potential prognostic markers in head and neck cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22687-22702. [PMID: 31131446 PMCID: PMC6772109 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) remains one of the most malignant tumors with a significantly high mortality. DNA methylation exerts a vital role in the prognosis of HNC. In this study, we try to screen abnormal differential methylation genes (DMGs) and pathways in Head-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via integral bioinformatics analysis. Data of gene expression microarrays and gene methylation microarrays were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Aberrant DMGs were identified by the R Limma package. We conducted the Cox regression analysis to select the prognostic aberrant DMGs and site-specific methylation. Five aberrant DMGs were recognized that significantly correlated with overall survival. The prognostic model was constructed based on five DMGs (PAX9, STK33, GPR150, INSM1, and EPHX3). The five DMG models acted as prognostic biomarkers for HNC. The area under the curve based on the five DMGs predicting 5-year survival is 0.665. Moreover, the correlation between the DMGs/site-specific methylation and gene expression was also explored. The findings demonstrated that the five DMGs can be used as independent prognostic biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of patients with HNC. Our study might lay the groundwork for further mechanism exploration in HNC and may help identify diagnostic biomarkers for early stage HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Bai
- Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases ResearchStomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Jukun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryGuizhou Provincial People's HospitalGuizhouChina
| | | | - Zhu Chen
- Guiyang Hospital of StomatologyGuizhouChina
| | - Yuan Tian
- Stomatology Colledge Affiliated to Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Xinhai Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryGuizhou Provincial People's HospitalGuizhouChina
| | - Yuming Niu
- Department of Stomatology and Center for Evidence‐Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases ResearchStomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
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Transactivation of Met signalling by semaphorin4D in human placenta: implications for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. J Hypertens 2019; 36:2215-2225. [PMID: 29939944 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The signalling of the receptor tyrosine kinase Met is critical in promoting trophoblast cell invasion, and the deficiency in HGF/Met signalling is associated with preeclampsia. The semaphorin family member semaphorin4D (sema4D) and its receptor Plexin-B1 have been reported to control tumour cell invasion by coupling with Met. We hypothesized that sema4D/Plexin-B1 may promote trophoblast invasion by activating Met, and downregulation of sema4D/Plexin-B1 may account for the deficiency in Met signalling in preeclamptic placenta. METHODS In this study, Met and Erk activation and the expression of sema4D/Plexin-B1 in normal and preeclamptic placentas were comparably measured. The role of sema4D in trophoblast cell invasion and tubulogenesis was examined in vitro using the Transwell invasion assay and tube formation assay in trophoblast-endothelial cell co-culture model. RESULTS Met, sema4D and Plexin-B1 co-localized in various subtypes of human trophoblast cells, including villous trophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). In early-onset preeclampsia (E-PE) placentas, the phosphorylated Met and Erk as well as sema4D and Plexin-B1 were much lower than those in gestational week-matched preterm-labour (PTL) placentas. In human trophoblast HTR8/SVneo cell line, sema4D could promote Met and Erk phosphorylation as well as enhance trophoblast cell invasion and tubulogenesis with endothelial cells. Moreover, the effect of sema4D on HTR8/SVneo could be blocked by knocking down Met with specific siRNA. CONCLUSION The crosstalk between sema4D and Met could transactivate Met to promote trophoblast cell invasion and differentiation, and decreased expression of sema4D and Plexin-B1 may be responsible for the deficiency in Met signalling and the development of preeclampsia.
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Class-3 Semaphorins and Their Receptors: Potent Multifunctional Modulators of Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030556. [PMID: 30696103 PMCID: PMC6387194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins are the products of a large gene family containing 28 genes of which 21 are found in vertebrates. Class-3 semaphorins constitute a subfamily of seven vertebrate semaphorins which differ from the other vertebrate semaphorins in that they are the only secreted semaphorins and are distinguished from other semaphorins by the presence of a basic domain at their C termini. Class-3 semaphorins were initially characterized as axon guidance factors, but have subsequently been found to regulate immune responses, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and a variety of additional physiological and developmental functions. Most class-3 semaphorins transduce their signals by binding to receptors belonging to the neuropilin family which subsequently associate with receptors of the plexin family to form functional class-3 semaphorin receptors. Recent evidence suggests that class-3 semaphorins also fulfill important regulatory roles in multiple forms of cancer. Several class-3 semaphorins function as endogenous inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis. Others were found to inhibit tumor metastasis by inhibition of tumor lymphangiogenesis, by direct effects on the behavior of tumor cells, or by modulation of immune responses. Notably, some semaphorins such as sema3C and sema3E have also been found to potentiate tumor progression using various mechanisms. This review focuses on the roles of the different class-3 semaphorins in tumor progression.
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Neufeld G, Mumblat Y, Smolkin T, Toledano S, Nir-Zvi I, Ziv K, Kessler O. The role of the semaphorins in cancer. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:652-674. [PMID: 27533782 PMCID: PMC5160032 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1197478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The semaphorins were initially characterized as axon guidance factors, but have subsequently been implicated also in the regulation of immune responses, angiogenesis, organ formation, and a variety of additional physiological and developmental functions. The semaphorin family contains more then 20 genes divided into 7 subfamilies, all of which contain the signature sema domain. The semaphorins transduce signals by binding to receptors belonging to the neuropilin or plexin families. Additional receptors which form complexes with these primary semaphorin receptors are also frequently involved in semaphorin signaling. Recent evidence suggests that semaphorins also fulfill important roles in the etiology of multiple forms of cancer. Some semaphorins have been found to function as bona-fide tumor suppressors and to inhibit tumor progression by various mechanisms while other semaphorins function as inducers and promoters of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gera Neufeld
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yelena Mumblat
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tatyana Smolkin
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shira Toledano
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbal Nir-Zvi
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Keren Ziv
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofra Kessler
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Tang H, Wu Y, Liu M, Qin Y, Wang H, Wang L, Li S, Zhu H, He Z, Luo J, Wang H, Wang Q, Luo S. SEMA3B improves the survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating p53 and p21. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:900-8. [PMID: 27349960 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common malignancies, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is ranked as the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In our previous study, by employing cDNA microarray analysis, semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B) was found to be significantly downregulated in ESCC. In the present study, SEMA3B downregulation at the mRNA level was found in 34 of 60 primary ESCCs (56.7%) and in 6 of 9 ESCC cell lines (66.7%) by transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of SEMA3B in a tissue microarray further indicated that downregulated expression of SEMA3B protein was found in 125 of 222 (56.3%) ESCC cases and downregulation of SEMA3B protein was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.000), advanced clinicopathological stage (P=0.001) and poor disease-specific survival (P=0.017) of ESCC patients. In addition, functional studies demonstrated that the SEMA3B gene could suppress the tumorigenic ability of ESCC cells and cell motility. Furthermore, it was found that by upregulating p53 and p21 expression and inhibiting Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation, SEMA3B could induce cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase. Taken together, our results suggest that SEMA3B may be an important tumor-suppressor gene in the malignant progression of ESCC, as well as a valuable prognostic marker for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, L10-56, P.R. China
| | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Shaomei Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Junpeng Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
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13
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Pasovic L, Eidet JR, Olstad OK, Chen DF, Lyberg T, Utheim TP. Impact of Storage Temperature on the Expression of Cell Survival Genes in Cultured ARPE-19 Cells. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:134-144. [PMID: 27259952 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2016.1145236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of a suitable storage method for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is necessary in the establishment of future RPE replacement therapy, and storage temperature has proven to be pivotal for cell survival. ARPE-19, a widely used model for RPE, has been shown to yield the greatest number of viable cells when stored at 16°C compared to other storage temperatures. In this study, we analyze the gene expression profile of cultured ARPE-19 cells after seven days of storage at different temperatures in an effort to predict the gene-level consequences of storage of RPE transplants. MATERIALS AND METHODS ARPE-19 cells were cultured until confluence and then stored in minimum essential medium at 4°C, 16°C, and 37°C for seven days. The total RNA was isolated and the gene expression profile was determined using DNA microarrays. The Results were validated using qPCR. RESULTS Principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses show that the gene expression profiles of cell cultures stored at different temperatures cluster into separate groups. Cultures stored at 4°C cluster closest to the control cultures that were not stored and display the least change in gene expression after storage (157 differentially expressed genes). Cultures stored at 16°C and 37°C display a much larger change in differential gene expression (1787 and 1357 differentially expressed genes, respectively). At 16°C, the expression of several genes with proposed tumor suppressor functions was markedly increased. Changes in regulation of several known signaling pathways and of oxidative stress markers were discovered at both 16°C and 37°C, and activation of the angiogenesis marker vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was discovered at 37°C. There was no evidence of the activation of inflammatory processes in stored cell cultures. CONCLUSION ARPE-19 cultures stored at 16°C show the greatest propensity to modulate their gene expression profile in a manner that supports cell survival during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pasovic
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,b Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jon R Eidet
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ole K Olstad
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Dong F Chen
- d Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , USA
| | - Torstein Lyberg
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Tor P Utheim
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,e Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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14
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Utheim TP, Islam R, Fostad IG, Eidet JR, Sehic A, Olstad OK, Dartt DA, Messelt EB, Griffith M, Pasovic L. Storage Temperature Alters the Expression of Differentiation-Related Genes in Cultured Oral Keratinocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152526. [PMID: 27023475 PMCID: PMC4811429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Storage of cultured human oral keratinocytes (HOK) allows for transportation of cultured transplants to eye clinics worldwide. In a previous study, one-week storage of cultured HOK was found to be superior with regard to viability and morphology at 12°C compared to 4°C and 37°C. To understand more of how storage temperature affects cell phenotype, gene expression of HOK before and after storage at 4°C, 12°C, and 37°C was assessed. Materials and Methods Cultured HOK were stored in HEPES- and sodium bicarbonate-buffered Minimum Essential Medium at 4°C, 12°C, and 37°C for one week. Total RNA was isolated and the gene expression profile was determined using DNA microarrays and analyzed with Partek Genomics Suite software and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Differentially expressed genes (fold change > 1.5 and P < 0.05) were identified by one-way ANOVA. Key genes were validated using qPCR. Results Gene expression of cultures stored at 4°C and 12°C clustered close to the unstored control cultures. Cultures stored at 37°C displayed substantial change in gene expression compared to the other groups. In comparison with 12°C, 2,981 genes were differentially expressed at 37°C. In contrast, only 67 genes were differentially expressed between the unstored control and the cells stored at 12°C. The 12°C and 37°C culture groups differed most significantly with regard to the expression of differentiation markers. The Hedgehog signaling pathway was significantly downregulated at 37°C compared to 12°C. Conclusion HOK cultures stored at 37°C showed considerably larger changes in gene expression compared to unstored cells than cultured HOK stored at 4°C and 12°C. The changes observed at 37°C consisted of differentiation of the cells towards a squamous epithelium-specific phenotype. Storing cultured ocular surface transplants at 37°C is therefore not recommended. This is particularly interesting as 37°C is the standard incubation temperature used for cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vestre Viken HF Trust, Drammen, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Rakibul Islam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G. Fostad
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon R. Eidet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amer Sehic
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole K. Olstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Darlene A. Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Edward B. Messelt
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - May Griffith
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lara Pasovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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15
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Loginov VI, Dmitriev AA, Senchenko VN, Pronina IV, Khodyrev DS, Kudryavtseva AV, Krasnov GS, Gerashchenko GV, Chashchina LI, Kazubskaya TP, Kondratieva TT, Lerman MI, Angeloni D, Braga EA, Kashuba VI. Tumor Suppressor Function of the SEMA3B Gene in Human Lung and Renal Cancers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123369. [PMID: 25961819 PMCID: PMC4427300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The SEMA3B gene is located in the 3p21.3 LUCA region, which is frequently affected in different types of cancer. The objective of our study was to expand our knowledge of the SEMA3B gene as a tumor suppressor and the mechanisms of its inactivation. In this study, several experimental approaches were used: tumor growth analyses and apoptosis assays in vitro and in SCID mice, expression and methylation assays and other. With the use of the small cell lung cancer cell line U2020 we confirmed the function of SEMA3B as a tumor suppressor, and showed that the suppression can be realized through the induction of apoptosis and, possibly, associated with the inhibition of angiogenesis. In addition, for the first time, high methylation frequencies have been observed in both intronic (32-39%) and promoter (44-52%) CpG-islands in 38 non-small cell lung carcinomas, including 16 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 22 adenocarcinomas (ADC), and in 83 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). Correlations between the methylation frequencies of the promoter and the intronic CpG-islands of SEMA3B with tumor stage and grade have been revealed for SCC, ADC and ccRCC. The association between the decrease of the SEMA3B mRNA level and hypermethylation of the promoter and the intronic CpG-islands has been estimated in renal primary tumors (P < 0.01). Using qPCR, we observed on the average 10- and 14-fold decrease of the SEMA3B mRNA level in SCC and ADC, respectively, and a 4-fold decrease in ccRCC. The frequency of this effect was high in both lung (92-95%) and renal (84%) tumor samples. Moreover, we showed a clear difference (P < 0.05) of the SEMA3B relative mRNA levels in ADC with and without lymph node metastases. We conclude that aberrant expression and methylation of SEMA3B could be suggested as markers of lung and renal cancer progression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- CpG Islands
- DNA Methylation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Semaphorins/genetics
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/genetics
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly I. Loginov
- Laboratory of Pathogenomics and Transcriptomics, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Complex Inherited Diseases, Research Center of Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Genomics, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pathomorphology, P.A. Herzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 125284, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera N. Senchenko
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Genomics, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Pronina
- Laboratory of Pathogenomics and Transcriptomics, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Complex Inherited Diseases, Research Center of Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Khodyrev
- Laboratory of Genetics, Federal Research Clinical Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 115682, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Genomics, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pathomorphology, P.A. Herzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 125284, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Genomics, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 105064, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ganna V. Gerashchenko
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Larisa I. Chashchina
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana P. Kazubskaya
- Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana T. Kondratieva
- Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Debora Angeloni
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora A. Braga
- Laboratory of Pathogenomics and Transcriptomics, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Complex Inherited Diseases, Research Center of Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Post Genomic Molecular Genetic Research, Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Kashuba
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680, Kiev, Ukraine
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Zhang J, Ling T, Wu H, Wang K. Re-expression of Lactotransferrin, a candidate tumor suppressor inactivated by promoter hypermethylation, impairs the malignance of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:578-84. [PMID: 25370482 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactotransferrin (LTF) has been confirmed to act as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers; however, its roles in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of malignant head and neck carcinomas, has not been explored. METHODS Here, the expression of LTF in OSCC tissues and TCA8113 cells was detected with RT-PCR, qPCR, and IHC. And the correlation between LTF expression and OSCC metastasis was assessed. MS-PCR was performed to reveal the methylation status in promoter regions of LTF both in OSCC tissue samples and cells. The influences of 5-Aza-Cdc treatment to the methylation status and expression levels of LTF were also analyzed. At last, the functions of LTF in OSCC progression were demonstrated by MTT analysis, clone formation assay, and cell cycle analysis in TCA8113 cells with forced ectopic expression of LTF. RESULTS LTF showed a low or null expression pattern in OSCC tissues and cells, at least partially, due to the hypermethylated status in promoter regions for 5-Aza-Cdc, a methyltransferase inhibitor, could restore the expression of LTF in TCA8113 cells. And the expression level of LTF exhibited a negative correlation with OSCC metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Re-expression of LTF inhibited the growth, proliferation, as well as cell cycle progression of TCA8113 cells. In conclusion, hypermethylation contributes much to LTF inactivation in OSCC. And LTF can partially reverse the malignant phenotypes of OSCC cells and may be served as a potential target for diagnosis and therapy of OSCC in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tianyou Ling
- Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hanjiang Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Arantes LMRB, de Carvalho AC, Melendez ME, Carvalho AL, Goloni-Bertollo EM. Methylation as a biomarker for head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:587-92. [PMID: 24656975 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a collective term that describes malignant tumors of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Although most HNSCC originate from the mucosal surface of the upper aerodigestive tract, where they can be easily detected during a routine clinical examination. Often the definitive diagnosis is delayed because of the difficulty in differentiating from other similar lesions. Activation of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are the major molecular alterations involved in carcinogenesis. In addition, epigenetic changes can alter the expression of critical genes important in the development of a variety of cancers. The detection of aberrant gene promoter methylation as a tool for the detection of tumors or its use as prognostic marker have been described for many different cancers including HNSCC. The search for biomarkers has as its main aim the evaluation and measurement of the status of normal and pathological biological processes as well as pharmacological responses to certain treatments. The tracking of these biomarkers is an important part for the identification of individuals in the early stages of head and neck cancer for its diagnostic and prognostic relevance reflecting in high survival rates, better quality of life and less cost to the healthcare system. Therefore, assuming that cancer results from genetic and epigenetic changes, analyzes based on gene methylation profile in combination with the pathological diagnosis would be useful in predicting the behavior of these head and neck tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M R B Arantes
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto - SP, Brazil; Center for Research in Molecular Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII, Barretos - SP, Brazil
| | - A C de Carvalho
- Center for Research in Molecular Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII, Barretos - SP, Brazil
| | - M E Melendez
- Center for Research in Molecular Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII, Barretos - SP, Brazil
| | - A L Carvalho
- Center for Research in Molecular Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII, Barretos - SP, Brazil
| | - E M Goloni-Bertollo
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto - SP, Brazil.
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