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Grizzi F, Hegazi MAAA, Zanoni M, Vota P, Toia G, Clementi MC, Mazzieri C, Chiriva-Internati M, Taverna G. Prostate Cancer Microvascular Routes: Exploration and Measurement Strategies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2034. [PMID: 37895416 PMCID: PMC10608780 DOI: 10.3390/life13102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is acknowledged as a pivotal feature in the pathology of human cancer. Despite the absence of universally accepted markers for gauging the comprehensive angiogenic activity in prostate cancer (PCa) that could steer the formulation of focused anti-angiogenic treatments, the scrutiny of diverse facets of tumoral blood vessel development may furnish significant understanding of angiogenic processes. Malignant neoplasms, encompassing PCa, deploy a myriad of strategies to secure an adequate blood supply. These modalities range from sprouting angiogenesis and vasculogenesis to intussusceptive angiogenesis, vascular co-option, the formation of mosaic vessels, vasculogenic mimicry, the conversion of cancer stem-like cells into tumor endothelial cells, and vascular pruning. Here we provide a thorough review of these angiogenic mechanisms as they relate to PCa, discuss their prospective relevance for predictive and prognostic evaluations, and outline the prevailing obstacles in quantitatively evaluating neovascularization via histopathological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy;
| | - Mohamed A. A. A. Hegazi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Matteo Zanoni
- Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza, 21053 Varese, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.V.); (G.T.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Paolo Vota
- Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza, 21053 Varese, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.V.); (G.T.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Giovanni Toia
- Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza, 21053 Varese, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.V.); (G.T.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria Chiara Clementi
- Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza, 21053 Varese, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.V.); (G.T.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Cinzia Mazzieri
- Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza, 21053 Varese, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.V.); (G.T.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Gianluigi Taverna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza, 21053 Varese, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.V.); (G.T.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.)
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Maly IV, Hofmann WA. Fatty Acids and Calcium Regulation in Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060788. [PMID: 29921791 PMCID: PMC6024573 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a widespread malignancy characterized by a comparative ease of primary diagnosis and difficulty in choosing the individualized course of treatment. Management of prostate cancer would benefit from a clearer understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the transition to the lethal, late-stage forms of the disease, which could potentially yield new biomarkers for differential prognosis and treatment prioritization in addition to possible new therapeutic targets. Epidemiological research has uncovered a significant correlation of prostate cancer incidence and progression with the intake (and often co-intake) of fatty acids and calcium. Additionally, there is evidence of the impact of these nutrients on intracellular signaling, including the mechanisms mediated by the calcium ion as a second messenger. The present review surveys the recent literature on the molecular mechanisms associated with the critical steps in the prostate cancer progression, with special attention paid to the regulation of these processes by fatty acids and calcium homeostasis. Testable hypotheses are put forward that integrate some of the recent results in a more unified picture of these phenomena at the interface of cell signaling and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Maly
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Wilma A Hofmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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Fedorchuk O, Susak Y, Rudyk M, Senchylo N, Khranovska N, Skachkova O, Skivka L. Immunological hallmarks of cis-DDP-resistant Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:373-385. [PMID: 29290023 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor cell resistance to platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents is one of the major hurdles to successful cancer treatment with these drugs, and is associated with alterations in tumor cell immune evasion and immunomodulatory properties. Immunocyte targeting is considered as a relevant approach to fight drug-resistant cancer. In this study, immunological hallmarks of cis-DDP-resistant Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC/R9) were investigated. METHODS Immunological features of LLC/R9 cells cultured in vitro in normoxic and hypoxic conditions as well as of those that were grown in vivo were examined. The expression of immunologically relevant genes was evaluated by RT-PCR. Tumor cell susceptibility to the macrophage contact tumoricidal activity and NK-mediated cytolysis was investigated in MTT test. TNF-α-mediated tumor cell apoptosis as well as macrophage phagocytosis, oxidative metabolism, and CD206 expression after the treatment with conditioned media from normoxic and hypoxic tumor cells were studied by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was also used to characterize dendritic cell maturity. RESULTS When growing in vitro, LLC/R9 were characterized by slightly increased immunosuppressive cytokine gene expression. Transition to in vivo growth was associated with the enhancement of transcription of these genes in tumor cells. LLC/R9 cells had lowered sensitivity to contact-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity and to the TNFα-mediated apoptosis in vitro. Conditioned media from hypoxic LLC/R9 cells stimulated reactive oxygen species generation and CD206 expression in non-sensitized macrophages. Acquisition of drug resistance by LLC/R9 cells was associated with their increased sensitivity to NK-cell-mediated cytolysis. Meanwhile, the treatment of LLCR/9-bearing animals with generated ex vivo and loaded with LLC/R9 cell-lysate dendritic cells (DCs) resulted in profoundly enhanced tumor metastasizing. CONCLUSION Decreased sensitivity to macrophage cytolysis, polarizing effect on DCs maturation along with increased susceptibility to NK-cell cytotoxic action promote extensive local growth of chemoresistant LLC/R9 tumors in vivo, but hamper their metastasizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olexandr Fedorchuk
- R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Susak
- O.O Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Rudyk
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kitayevska str., 14-16, ap. 12, Kyiv, 03083, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Senchylo
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kitayevska str., 14-16, ap. 12, Kyiv, 03083, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Larysa Skivka
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kitayevska str., 14-16, ap. 12, Kyiv, 03083, Ukraine.
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Huang S, He P, Xu D, Li J, Peng X, Tang Y. Acidic stress induces apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis in human bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5695-5702. [PMID: 29113197 PMCID: PMC5661383 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) are exposed to acidotic environments in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, including in tumors. However, the effect of acidosis on the function of BM-EPCs is still not fully understood. In the present study, BM-EPCs were isolated and cultured at an extracellular pH (pHe) of 6.5 or pHe 7.4 in vitro prior to various experiments being performed. Cellular proliferation, migration and tube formation ability were detected by DNA content quantification, Transwell assay and Matrigel-based angiogenesis assay. ELISA and western blot analysis measured protein secretion and expression, respectively. The results demonstrated that BM-EPCs cultured at pHe 6.5 compared with at pHe 7.4 demonstrated: Induced apoptosis; inhibited cellular proliferation, migration and adhesion; markedly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression; and the capacity to incorporate into vascular networks. Acidic pHe 6.5 induced ratio expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)/Bcl2 associated X-protein (Bax), which in turn induced apoptosis, and inhibited cellular proliferation and other functional activities, with involvement of activation of VEGF receptor 2, protein kinase B and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase. These observations raise the possibility that the acidic extracellular environment may perform an important role in the vasculogenesis of BM-EPCs in tumor microenvironments. Therefore, culturing cancer cells at a lower pH that simulates endogenous tumor conditions may improve retention of the cellular heterogeneity identified in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Peiheng He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jinglei Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Kuchta K, Xiang Y, Huang S, Tang Y, Peng X, Wang X, Zhu Y, Li J, Xu J, Lin Z, Pan T. Celastrol, an active constituent of the TCM plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f., inhibits prostate cancer bone metastasis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 20:156-164. [PMID: 28195223 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment failure of prostate cancer (PCa) is often due to bone metastasis. Celastrol, an active constituent of Tripterygium wilfordii roots, has shown anti-tumor effects in previous studies in accordance with its indication in traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS Using a PC-3 cell model, in vitro assays were performed to evaluate the effects of celastrol on proliferation, migration (wound healing assay), tissues invasion (Transwell-Matrigel penetration assay) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). An intra-tibia injection mouse model was used to assess the effect of celastrol on PCa bone metastasis in vivo. RESULTS Pretreatment with celastrol significantly reduced proliferation of PC-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner and cell migration was much slower than in controls. Significantly fewer cells penetrated the gel-membrane after celastrol administration and their skeletal invasive ability was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Correspondingly, a significant, dose-dependent decrease in VEGF secretion was observed. In the in vivo mouse model, pretreatment with celastrol (8 μmol l-1) inhibited the tumorigenicity of PC-3 cells so that almost no bone invasion occurred as compared with control injections. Histological examinations using hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that tibiae injected with celastrol pretreated PC-3 cells retained their natural bone structure. CONCLUSIONS Celastrol may have preventive potential against PCa bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kuchta
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Xiong Z, Guo M, Yu Y, Zhang FF, Ge MK, Chen GQ, Shen SM. Downregulation of AIF by HIF-1 contributes to hypoxia-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition of colon cancer. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:1079-1088. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Li DW, Dong P, Wang F, Chen XW, Xu CZ, Zhou L. Hypoxia induced multidrug resistance of laryngeal cancer cells via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4853-8. [PMID: 24083758 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.8.4853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether hypoxia has an effect on regulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapeutic drugs in laryngeal carcinoma cells and explore the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF- 1α). METHODS Laryngeal cancer cells were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The sensitivity of the cells to multiple drugs and levels of apoptosis induced by paclitaxel were determined by MTT assay and annexin-V/propidium iodide staining analysis, respectively. HIF-1α expression was blocked by RNA interference. The expression of HIF-1α gene was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. The value of fluorescence intensity of intracellular adriamycin accumulation and retention in cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The sensitivity to multiple chemotherapy agents and induction of apoptosis by paclitaxel could be reduced by hypoxia (P<0.05). A the same time, the adriamycin releasing index of cells was increased (P<0.05). However, resistance acquisition subject to hypoxia in vitro was suppressed by down-regulating HIF-1α expression. CONCLUSION HIF-1α could be considered as a key regulator for mediating hypoxia-induced MDR in laryngeal cancer cells via inhibition of drug-induced apoptosis and decrease in intracellular drug accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China E-mail :
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Xiao L, Yue X, Ming X, Xu L, Ding M, Xu J, Liu Q. The integrin-linked kinase gene up-regulated by hypoxia plays its pro-survival role in colorectal cancer cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 34:64-72. [PMID: 24299190 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.862271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death in recent years. It is believed that there are hypoxic regions in both early and advanced stage of tumor and hypoxia is able to reinforce the aggressiveness of tumor cells and accelerate the progression of cancer. OBJECTIVE Until now the mechanisms by which hypoxia promotes the progression of CRC are far from well understood. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a crucial mediator and over-expressed in CRC patients. But whether ILK is involved in the process that hypoxia promotes CRC cells growth and silencing the ILK gene results in CRC cells apoptosis is not clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lentivirus transfection, invasion assay, TUNEL assay, Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and mitochondrial function assay were applied to demonstrate our hypothesis. RESULTS In this study, we found that hypoxia induced the expression of ILK in a time-dependent manner, and after knocking down ILK expression with ILK shRNA, the cells proliferation promoted by hypoxia was inhibited in HT29 cell line. Moreover, blocking the ILK pathway led to caspase-3 and caspase-9 activations, the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cells apoptosis. And the inhibitory effects of hypoxia on cells apoptosis were mediated by the ILK pathway. In addition, hypoxia promoted HT29 cells metastasis and invasion through the ILK pathway. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we conclude that the CRC cells survival and invasion enhanced by hypoxia are mediated by ILK, and ILK may be an important potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
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