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Chen H, Wang X, Wang Y, Chang X. What happens to regulatory T cells in multiple myeloma. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:468. [PMID: 38129374 PMCID: PMC10739837 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal tumor microenvironment and immune escape in multiple myeloma (MM) are associated with regulatory T cells (Tregs), which play an important role in maintaining self-tolerance and regulating the overall immune response to infection or tumor cells. In patients with MM, there are abnormalities in the number, function and distribution of Tregs, and these abnormalities may be related to the disease stage, risk grade and prognosis of patients. During the treatment, Tregs have different responses to various treatment regiments, thus affecting the therapeutic effect of MM. It is also possible to predict the therapeutic response by observing the changes of Tregs. In addition to the above, we reviewed the application of Tregs in the treatment of MM. In conclusion, there is still much room for research on the mechanism and application of Tregs in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Chen
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xueling Wang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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2
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Jiang N, Zheng Y, Ding J, Wang J, Zhu F, Wang M, Sobhani N, Neeli P, Wang G, Li H, Zheng J, Chai D. The co-delivery of adenovirus-based immune checkpoint vaccine elicits a potent anti-tumor effect in renal carcinoma. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:109. [PMID: 37542081 PMCID: PMC10403580 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-based checkpoint therapy has made significant progress in cancer treatment, but its therapeutic effect is limited. A replication-defective adenovirus (Ad) vaccine encoding tumor antigen carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) combined with Ad-encoding immune checkpoint PD-L1 was developed to treat renal carcinoma. Three tumor models, subcutaneous, lung metastasis and orthotopic tumor were established, and Ad vaccines were used to immunize them and evaluate the vaccine's therapeutic effect. Compared to the single Ad vaccine group, the subcutaneous tumor growth was significantly reduced in Ad-CAIX/Ad-PD-L1 combination group. Co-immunization of Ad-CAIX/Ad-PD-L1 enhanced the induction and maturation of CD11c+ or CD8+CD11c+ DCs in the spleen and tumor and promoted the strong tumor-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses. In vivo CD8 T cell deletion assay showed that the anti-tumor effect of the Ad-CAIX/Ad-PD-L1 vaccine was mainly dependent on functional CD8+ T cell immune responses. Furthermore, the Ad-CAIX/Ad-PD-L1 vaccine effectively inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in metastatic or orthotopic models. These results indicate that the combination strategy of the immune checkpoint vaccine shows promising potential as an approach for malignant tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Urology, Suqian Hospital of Chinese Medicine Department of Pharmacy, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiage Ding
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Praveen Neeli
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Dou A, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Guo Y. Reelin depletion alleviates multiple myeloma bone disease by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteolysis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:219. [PMID: 34433809 PMCID: PMC8387418 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix glycoprotein Reelin is associated with tumor metastasis and prognosis in various malignancies. However, its effects on multiple myeloma (MM) are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the regulatory effects of Reelin on MM and its underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Lentivirus plasmid containing short hairpin RNA targeting Reelin (LV3-Reln) was transfected into SP2/0 cells to knockdown Reelin expression. Flow cytometry assay analyzed cell cycle and apoptosis while Transwell assay evaluated invasiveness. BALB/c mice were inoculated with LV3-Reln-transfected SP2/0 cells to establish MM model. Primary myeloma cells and osteoblasts/osteoclast were isolated from tumor tissue and limb long bones respectively. ELISA examined serum biomarkers and immunohistochemistry detected immunoglobulin light chain expression. Morphological changes and osteoclast/osteoblast differentiation were observed by histological staining. mRNA and proteins expression were determined by qPCR and WB. In vitro studies showed that Reelin depletion regulated osteolysis and osteogenesis balance, cell cycle, invasiveness, and apoptosis in SP2/0 cells. In LV3-Reln mice, tumor growth and invasiveness were suppressed, meanwhile, reduced osteoclast activation and enhanced osteoblast activity were observed. Reelin knockdown alleviated extramedullary morbidity and inhibited spleen immune cell apoptosis by down-regulating CDK5, IL-10, and Cyto-C expression. Furthermore, reduced Reelin expression restrained osteoclast differentiation while promoted osteogenesis in the bone of LV3-Reln mice. This was further supported by down-regulation of osteolytic specific mRNAs and proteins (Trap, Mmp9, Ctsk, Clcn7) and up-regulation of osteogenic specific ones (COL-1, Runx2, β-Catenin). Reelin exerted important impacts on myeloma development through rebalancing osteolysis and osteogenesis, thus might be a potential therapeutic target for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Dou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjing Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Wang X, He L, Huang X, Zhang S, Cao W, Che F, Zhu Y, Dai J. Recent Progress of Exosomes in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071635. [PMID: 33915822 PMCID: PMC8037106 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), some exosomes act on different cells in the bone marrow microenvironment, which can create an environment conducive to the survival and growth of MM cells. In addition, due to the abnormal expression of cargos in the exosomes of MM patients, exosomes may help with the diagnosis and prognosis of MM. In contrast to traditional nanomaterials, exosomes exhibit very good safety, biocompatibility, stability and biodegradability, which shows their potential for delivering anti-cancer drugs and cancer vaccines. Given the research in recent decades, exosomes are becoming increasingly relevant to MM. Although exosomes have not been applied in the clinic for help with diagnosing, prognosticating or providing therapy for MM, they are very promising for clinical applications concerning MM, which will possibly materialize in the near future. Therefore, this review is worth reading for further understanding of the important roles of exosomes in MM.. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that is still incurable. The bone marrow microenvironment (BMM), with cellular and non-cellular components, can create a favorable environment for the survival, proliferation and migration of MM cells, which is the main reason for the failure of MM therapies. Many studies have demonstrated that exosomes play an important role in the tumor-supportive BMM. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles that can be released by various cells. Some exosomes contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of MM. MM-derived exosomes act on different cells in the BMM, thereby creating an environment conducive to the survival and growth of MM cells. Owing to the important roles of exosomes in the BMM, targeting the secretion of exosomes may become an effective therapeutic strategy for MM. In addition, the abnormal expression of “cargos” in the exosomes of MM patients may be used to diagnose MM or used as part of a screen for the early prognoses of MM patients. Exosomes also have good biological properties, including safety, biocompatibility, stability and biodegradability. Therefore, the encapsulation of anti-cancer drugs in exosomes, along with surface modifications of exosomes with targeting molecules, are very promising strategies for cancer therapies—particularly for MM. In addition, DC-derived exosomes (DC-EXs) can express MHC-I, MHC-II and T cell costimulatory molecules. Therefore, DC-EXs may be used as a nanocarrier to deliver cancer vaccines in MM. This review summarizes the recent progress of exosome research regarding the pathogenesis of, diagnosis of, prognosis of and therapeutic strategies for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.W.); (L.H.); (X.H.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Lin He
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.W.); (L.H.); (X.H.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.W.); (L.H.); (X.H.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.W.); (L.H.); (X.H.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Wanjun Cao
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China;
| | - Feifei Che
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.W.); (L.H.); (X.H.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.D.); Tel.: +86-15756317270 (J.D.)
| | - Jingying Dai
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China; (X.W.); (L.H.); (X.H.); (S.Z.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.D.); Tel.: +86-15756317270 (J.D.)
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Guo S, Xiao P, Li B, Wang W, Wang S, Lv T, Xu X, Chen C, Huang L, Li Z, Tang L, Peng L, Wang H. Co-immunizing with PD-L1 induces CD8 + DCs-mediated anti-tumor immunity in multiple myeloma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106516. [PMID: 32334387 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor therapeutic vaccines have faced a challenge for effective protection against malignant tumors by inducing tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Here, we designed a DNA vaccine containing a tumor-specific antigen of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and an immune checkpoint of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) delivered by PLGA/PEI nanoparticle-mediated delivery system for multiple myeloma therapy. Murine subcutaneous tumor model established with human DKK1 (hDKK-1)-SP2/0 cells were intramuscularly immunized with PLGA/PEI-pPD-L1/pDDK-1 vaccine and equal amount of control 3 times at 10 day-intervals. Compared with PLGA/PEI-pDKK1 immunization group, PLGA/PEI-pPD-L1/pDKK-1 co-immunization enhanced the induction and mature of CD11c+ DCs and CD8+CD11c+ DCs, and promoted antigen-specific Th1 responses and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. The reduced tumor volume and weight as well as increased tumor inhibition rate were observed in PLGA/PEI-pPD-L1/pDKK-1 vaccine co-immunization group, indicated that the vaccine could effectively inhibit the tumor growth of multiple myeloma. The anti-tumor activity of PLGA/PEI-pPD-L1/pDKK-1 vaccine was abrogated by CD8 cell depletion accompanied with the reduced percentages of CD8+CD11c+ DCs and CD8+ T cells in the spleen and TILs. These results indicated that the anti-tumor efficacy of PLGA/PEI-pPD-L1/pDKK-1 vaccine was required for CD8+CD11c+ DCs-mediated CD8+ T cell immunity responses. This vaccine strategy may represent a potential and promising approach for hematological malignancy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Guo
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, PR China
| | - Pengli Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, PR China
| | - Wanli Wang
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, PR China
| | - Songyun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, PR China
| | - Tao Lv
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, PR China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, PR China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, PR China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, PR China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, PR China
| | - Huirui Wang
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, PR China.
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Synergistic tumoricidal effect of combined hPD-L1 vaccine and HER2 gene vaccine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:394-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Xia Y, Medeiros LJ, Young KH. Immune checkpoint blockade: Releasing the brake towards hematological malignancies. Blood Rev 2015; 30:189-200. [PMID: 26699946 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells utilize co-inhibitory molecules to avoid host immune destruction. Checkpoint blockade has emerged as a promising approach to treat cancer by restoring T cell effector function and breaking a tumor permissive microenvironment. Patients with hematological malignancies often have immune dysregulation, thus the role of checkpoint blockade in treatment of these neoplasms is particularly intriguing. In early trials, antibodies targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) or the programmed death 1 (PD-1) signaling pathway have displayed significant efficacy with minimal toxicity in patients with relapsed and refractory hematological neoplasms. In this review, we provide evidence of dysregulation of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-Ls in the context of several major types of hematological neoplasms and summarize relevant clinical practice points for checkpoint blockade. The preclinical rationale and preliminary clinical data of potential combination approaches designed to optimize checkpoint antagonists are well presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX, USA.
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8
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Vaccination of multiple myeloma: Current strategies and future prospects. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:339-54. [PMID: 26123319 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy holds great promise in controlling multiple myeloma (MM) and may provide an alternative treatment modality to conventional chemotherapy for MM patients. For this reason, a major area of investigation is the development of cancer vaccines to generate myeloma-specific immunity. Several antigens that are able to induce specific T-cell responses are involved in different critical mechanisms for cell differentiation, inhibition of apoptosis, demethylation and proliferation. Strategies under development include infusion of vaccine-primed and ex vivo expanded/costimulated autologous T cells after high-dose melphalan, genetic engineering of autologous T cells with receptors for myeloma-specific epitopes, administration of dendritic cell/plasma cell fusions and administration expanded marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes. In addition, novel immunomodulatory drugs may synergize with immunotherapies. The task ahead is to evaluate these approaches in appropriate clinical settings, and to couple them with strategies to overcome mechanisms of immunoparesis as a means to induce more robust clinically significant immune responses.
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Görgün G, Samur MK, Cowens KB, Paula S, Bianchi G, Anderson JE, White RE, Singh A, Ohguchi H, Suzuki R, Kikuchi S, Harada T, Hideshima T, Tai YT, Laubach JP, Raje N, Magrangeas F, Minvielle S, Avet-Loiseau H, Munshi NC, Dorfman DM, Richardson PG, Anderson KC. Lenalidomide Enhances Immune Checkpoint Blockade-Induced Immune Response in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4607-18. [PMID: 25979485 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PD-1/PD-L1 signaling promotes tumor growth while inhibiting effector cell-mediated antitumor immune responses. Here, we assessed the impact of single and dual blockade of PD-1/PD-L1, alone or in combination with lenalidomide, on accessory and immune cell function as well as multiple myeloma cell growth in the bone marrow (BM) milieu. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Surface expression of PD-1 on immune effector cells, and PD-L1 expression on CD138(+) multiple myeloma cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were determined in BM from newly diagnosed (ND) multiple myeloma and relapsed/refractory (RR) multiple myeloma versus healthy donor (HD). We defined the impact of single and dual blockade of PD-1/PD-L1, alone and with lenalidomide, on autologous anti-multiple myeloma immune response and tumor cell growth. RESULTS Both ND and RR patient multiple myeloma cells have increased PD-L1 mRNA and surface expression compared with HD. There is also a significant increase in PD-1 expression on effector cells in multiple myeloma. Importantly, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade abrogates BM stromal cell (BMSC)-induced multiple myeloma growth, and combined blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 with lenalidomide further inhibits BMSC-induced tumor growth. These effects are associated with induction of intracellular expression of IFNγ and granzyme B in effector cells. Importantly, PD-L1 expression in multiple myeloma is higher on MDSC than on antigen-presenting cells, and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade inhibits MDSC-mediated multiple myeloma growth. Finally, lenalidomide with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade inhibits MDSC-mediated immune suppression. CONCLUSIONS Our data therefore demonstrate that checkpoint signaling plays an important role in providing the tumor-promoting, immune-suppressive microenvironment in multiple myeloma, and that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade induces anti-multiple myeloma immune response that can be enhanced by lenalidomide, providing the framework for clinical evaluation of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güllü Görgün
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Mehmet K Samur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen B Cowens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven Paula
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie E Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Randie E White
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ahaana Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroto Ohguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rikio Suzuki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shohei Kikuchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob P Laubach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Noopur Raje
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Florence Magrangeas
- Inserm UMR892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Unité Mixte de Genomique du Cancer, Nantes, France
| | - Stephane Minvielle
- Inserm UMR892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Unité Mixte de Genomique du Cancer, Nantes, France
| | | | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Boston VA Health Care System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David M Dorfman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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10
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Mu N, Liu N, Hao Q, Xu Y, Li J, Li W, Wu S, Zhang C, Su H. Inhibition of mouse SP2/0 myeloma cell growth by the B7-H4 protein vaccine. BMB Rep 2015; 47:399-404. [PMID: 24314141 PMCID: PMC4163849 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.7.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B7-H4 is a member of B7 family of co-inhibitory molecules and B7-H4 protein is found to be overexpressed in many human cancers and which is usually associated with poor survival. In this study, we developed a therapeutic vaccine made from a fusion protein composed of a tetanus toxoid (TT) T-helper cell epitope and human B7-H4IgV domain (TT-rhB7-H4IgV). We investigated the anti-tumor effect of the TT-rhB7-H4IgV vaccine in BALB/c mice and SP2/0 myeloma growth was significantly suppressed in mice. The TT-rhB7-H4IgV vaccine induced high-titer specific antibodies in mice. Further, the antibodies induced by TT-rhB7-H4IgV vaccine were capable of depleting SP2/0 cells through complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in vitro. On the other hand, the poor cellular immune response was irrelevant to the therapeutic efficacy. These results indicate that the recombinant TT-rhB7-H4IgV vaccine might be a useful candidate of immunotherapy for the treatment of some tumors associated with abnormal expression of B7-H4. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(7): 399-404]
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle West Road, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Experiment Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle West Road, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle West Road, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle West Road, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle West Road, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Weina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle West Road, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouzhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle West Road, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle West Road, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichuan Su
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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