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Poveda J, González-Lafuente L, Vázquez-Sánchez S, Mercado-García E, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, García-Consuegra I, Sanz AB, Segura J, Fernández-Velasco M, Liaño F, Ruilope LM, Ruiz-Hurtado G. Targeting the TWEAK-Fn14 pathway prevents dysfunction in cardiac calcium handling after acute kidney injury. J Pathol 2023; 261:427-441. [PMID: 37776271 DOI: 10.1002/path.6200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Heart and kidney have a closely interrelated pathophysiology. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with significantly increased rates of cardiovascular events, a relationship defined as cardiorenal syndrome type 3 (CRS3). The underlying mechanisms that trigger heart disease remain, however, unknown, particularly concerning the clinical impact of AKI on cardiac outcomes and overall mortality. Tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) are independently involved in the pathogenesis of both heart and kidney failure, and recent studies have proposed TWEAK as a possible therapeutic target; however, its specific role in cardiac damage associated with CRS3 remains to be clarified. Firstly, we demonstrated in a retrospective longitudinal clinical study that soluble TWEAK plasma levels were a predictive biomarker of mortality in patients with AKI. Furthermore, the exogenous application of TWEAK to native ventricular cardiomyocytes induced relevant calcium (Ca2+ ) handling alterations. Next, we investigated the role of the TWEAK-Fn14 axis in cardiomyocyte function following renal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. We observed that TWEAK-Fn14 signalling was activated in the hearts of AKI mice. Mice also showed significantly altered intra-cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling and arrhythmogenic Ca2+ events through an impairment in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -adenosine triphosphatase 2a pump (SERCA2a ) and ryanodine receptor (RyR2 ) function. Administration of anti-TWEAK antibody after reperfusion significantly improved alterations in Ca2+ cycling and arrhythmogenic events and prevented SERCA2a and RyR2 modifications. In conclusion, this study establishes the relevance of the TWEAK-Fn14 pathway in cardiac dysfunction linked to CRS3, both as a predictor of mortality in patients with AKI and as a Ca2+ mishandling inducer in cardiomyocytes, and highlights the cardioprotective benefits of TWEAK targeting in CRS3. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonay Poveda
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura González-Lafuente
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Vázquez-Sánchez
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Mercado-García
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés García-Consuegra
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Research Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Sanz
- Nephrology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Segura
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Liaño
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCis), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- School of Doctoral Studies and Research, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Sousa-Pimenta M, Martins Â, Machado V. Oncolytic viruses in hematological malignancies: hijacking disease biology and fostering new promises for immune and cell-based therapies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 379:189-219. [PMID: 37541724 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The increased tropism for malignant cells of some viruses has been highlighted in recent studies, prompting their use as a strategy to modify the transcriptional profile of those cells, while sparing the healthy ones. Likewise, they have been recognized as players modulating microenvironmental immunity, namely through an increase in antigen-presenting, natural-killer, and T CD8+ cytotoxic cells by a cross-priming mechanism elicited by tumor-associated antigens. The immunomodulatory role of the oncolytic virus seems relevant in hematological malignancies, which may relapse as a result of a proliferative burst elicited by an external stimulus in progenitor or neoplastic stem cells. By reprogramming the host cells and the surrounding environment, the potential of virotherapy ranges from the promise to eradicate the minimal measurable disease (in acute leukemia, for example), to the ex vivo purging of malignant progenitor cells in the setting of autologous bone marrow transplantation. In this review, we analyze the recent advances in virotherapy in hematological malignancies, either when administered alone or together with chemotherapeutic agents or other immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Sousa-Pimenta
- Serviço de Onco-Hematologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ângelo Martins
- Serviço de Onco-Hematologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Machado
- Grupo de Oncologia Molecular e Patologia Viral, Centro de investigação do IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Instituto português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), LAB2, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal
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3
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Huang S, Hu H, Tang G, Liu K, Luo Z, Zeng W. An oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 strain expressing a single-chain variable region antibody fragment against PD-1 and a PI3K inhibitor synergize to elicit antitumor immunity in ovarian cancer. Arch Virol 2023; 168:128. [PMID: 37002434 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy, the current standard therapeutics are not fully effective against ovarian cancer. Therefore, we aimed to find an effective approach to improve the prognosis and therapy of ovarian cancer. NG34ScFvPD-1 is a modified oncolytic herpes simplex virus NG34 strain that expresses a single-chain antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) (ScFvPD-1). We assessed its efficacy and its regulatory mechanism in a mouse model of ovarian cancer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot techniques were used to measure protein expression. Oncolysis caused by NG34ScFvPD-1 was examined using cytotoxicity and replication assays. The mechanism by which NG34ScFvPD-1 regulates apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells in vitro was also evaluated. We assessed the antitumor immunity and therapeutic potency of NG34ScFvPD-1 in combination with a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. We found that NG34ScFvPD-1-infected ovarian cancer cells expressed and secreted ScFvPD-1, which bound mouse PD-1. The insertion of the ScFvPD-1 sequence did not inhibit the oncolytic activity of NG34ScFvPD-1, which induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells via the caspase-dependent pathway in vitro and activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Synergy was observed between NG34ScFvPD-1 and a PI3K inhibitor, and the combination was able to suppress tumor development, to prolong survival, and to elicit potent antitumor immunity. Thus, inhibition of PI3K enhanced the potent antitumor immunity induced by NG34ScFvPD-1 against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanying Huang
- Inpatient Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.2004 Hongli Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China.
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Inpatient Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.2004 Hongli Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Guoling Tang
- Inpatient Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.2004 Hongli Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Inpatient Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.2004 Hongli Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Zhihua Luo
- Inpatient Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.2004 Hongli Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Inpatient Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.2004 Hongli Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
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4
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Lin ZZ, Hu MCT, Hsu C, Wu YM, Lu YS, Ho JAA, Yeh SH, Chen PJ, Cheng AL. Synergistic efficacy of telomerase-specific oncolytic adenoviral therapy and histone deacetylase inhibition in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 556:216063. [PMID: 36669725 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus Telomelysin and the histone deacetylase inhibitor AR42 have demonstrated anticancer effects in preclinical models of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical development of Telomelysin may be hindered by human antiviral immunity and tumor resistance. Combining oncolytic and epigenetic therapies is a viable approach for treating various cancers. This study investigated the potential synergism of Telomelysin and AR42 and the relevant underlying mechanisms. Telomelysin and AR42 exhibited synergistic antiproliferative effects in human HCC models in vitro and in vivo. Apoptosis induced by Telomelysin was significantly enhanced by AR42 in both PLC5 and Hep3B HCC cells. AR42 treatment unexpectedly attenuated the expression of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor and the mRNA levels of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, which may be positively associated with the cytotoxicity of Telomelysin. Meanwhile, the cellular antiviral interferon response was not altered by AR42 treatment. Further, we found that Telomelysin enhanced Akt phosphorylation in HCC cells. AR42 reduced Telomelysin-induced phospho-Akt activation and enhanced Telomelysin-induced apoptosis. The correlation of Akt phosphorylation with drug-induced apoptosis was validated in HCC cells with upregulated or downregulated Akt signaling. Combination therapy with Telomelysin and AR42 demonstrated synergistic anti-HCC efficacy. Clinical trials investigating this new combination regimen are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zhe Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chiun Hsu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ming Wu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Departments of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ja-An Annie Ho
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Hwei Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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5
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Immunotherapy approaches for hematological cancers. iScience 2022; 25:105326. [PMID: 36325064 PMCID: PMC9619355 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma have traditionally been treated with chemo and radiotherapy approaches. Introduction of immunotherapies for treatment of these diseases has led to patient remissions that would not have been possible with traditional approaches. In this critical review we identify main disease characteristics, symptoms, and current treatment options. Five common immunotherapies, namely checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, cell-based therapies, antibodies, and oncolytic viruses, are described, and their applications in hematological cancers are critically discussed.
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6
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Zhu Z, McGray AJR, Jiang W, Lu B, Kalinski P, Guo ZS. Improving cancer immunotherapy by rationally combining oncolytic virus with modulators targeting key signaling pathways. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:196. [PMID: 36221123 PMCID: PMC9554963 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a new class of multi-modal immunotherapies for cancer, with OV-elicited antitumor immunity being key to their overall therapeutic efficacy. Currently, the clinical effectiveness of OV as monotherapy remains limited, and thus investigators have been exploring various combinations with other anti-cancer agents and demonstrated improved therapeutic efficacy. As cancer cells have evolved to alter key signaling pathways for enhanced cell proliferation, cancer progression and metastasis, these cellular and molecular changes offer promising targets for rational cancer therapy design. In this regard, key molecules in relevant signaling pathways for cancer cells or/and immune cells, such as EGFR-KRAS (e.g., KRASG12C), PI3K-AKT-mTOR, ERK-MEK, JAK-STAT, p53, PD-1-PD-L1, and epigenetic, or immune pathways (e.g., histone deacetylases, cGAS-STING) are currently under investigation and have the potential to synergize with OV to modulate the immune milieu of the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby improving and sustaining antitumor immunity. As many small molecule modulators of these signaling pathways have been developed and have shown strong therapeutic potential, here we review key findings related to both OV-mediated immunotherapy and the utility of small molecule modulators of signaling pathways in immuno-oncology. Then, we focus on discussion of the rationales and potential strategies for combining OV with selected modulators targeting key cellular signaling pathways in cancer or/and immune cells to modulate the TME and enhance antitumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we provide perspectives and viewpoints on the application of novel experimental systems and technologies that can propel this exciting branch of medicine into a bright future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - A J Robert McGray
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Weijian Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Binfeng Lu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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7
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Jiang J, Wang W, Xiang W, Jiang L, Zhou Q. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor ZSTK474 increases the susceptibility of osteosarcoma cells to oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus VSVΔ51 via aggravating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11847-11857. [PMID: 34720036 PMCID: PMC8809975 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1999372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockage of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signal pathway is effective to increase the cytotoxic effects of oncolytic virus on cancer cells, but the detailed mechanisms are still largely unknown. Based on this, the present study managed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 and oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus VSVΔ51 combination treatments on osteosarcoma (OS) in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, ZSTK474 aggravated the inhibiting effects of VSVΔ51 on osteosarcoma development by triggering endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress mediated apoptotic cell death. Mechanistically, either ZSTK474 or VSVΔ51 alone had limited effects on cell viability in osteosarcoma cells, while ZSTK474 and VSVΔ51 combination treatments significantly induced osteosarcoma cell apoptosis. Interestingly, VSVΔ51 increased the expression levels of IRE1α and p-PERK to initiate ER stress in osteosarcoma cells, which were aggravated by co-treating cells with ZSTK474. Next, the promoting effects of ZSTK474-VSVΔ51 combined treatment on osteosarcoma cell death were abrogated by the ER-stress inhibitor 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA), indicating that ZSTK474 enhanced the cytotoxic effects of VSVΔ51 on osteosarcoma cells in an ER-stress dependent manner. Finally, the xenograft tumor-bearing mice models were established, and the results showed that ZSTK474-VSVΔ51 combined treatment synergistically hindered tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma cells in vivo. Taken together, our data suggested that ZSTK474 was a novel agent to enhance the cytotoxic effects of VSVΔ51 on osteosarcoma by aggravating ER-stress, and the present study might provide alternative therapy treatments for osteosarcoma in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Weida Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weineng Xiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
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8
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Resistance Mechanisms Influencing Oncolytic Virotherapy, a Systematic Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101166. [PMID: 34696274 PMCID: PMC8537623 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy is a frequently observed phenomenon in the treatment of cancer, and as with other cancer therapeutics, therapies based on oncolytic viruses also face the challenges of resistance, such as humoral and cellular antiviral responses, and tumor-associated interferon-mediated resistance. In order to identify additional mechanisms of resistance that may contribute to therapeutic failure, we developed a systematic search strategy for studies published in PubMed. We analyzed 6143 articles on oncolytic virotherapy and found that approximately 8% of these articles use resistance terms in the abstract and/or title. Of these 439 articles, 87 were original research. Most of the findings reported pertain to resistance mediated by tumor-cell-dependent interferon signaling. Yet, mechanisms such as epigenetic modifications, hypoxia-mediated inhibition, APOBEC-mediated resistance, virus entry barriers, and spatiotemporal restriction to viral spread, although not frequently assessed, were demonstrated to play a major role in resistance. Similarly, our results suggest that the stromal compartment consisting of, but not limited to, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells requires more study in relation to therapy resistance using oncolytic viruses. Thus, our findings emphasize the need to assess the stromal compartment and to identify novel mechanisms that play an important role in conferring resistance to oncolytic virotherapy.
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Cook J, Acosta-Medina AA, Peng KW, Lacy M, Russell S. Oncolytic virotherapy - Forging its place in the immunomodulatory paradigm for Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 29:100473. [PMID: 34673439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The treatment focus for multiple myeloma (MM) has recently pivoted towards immune modulating strategies, with T-cell redirection therapies currently at the forefront of drug development. Yet, despite this revolution in treatment, MM remains without a sustainable cure. At the same time, tremendous advancement has been made in recombinant and gene editing techniques for oncolytic viruses (OV), which have increased their tumor specificity, improved safety, and enhanced the oncolytic and immunostimulatory potential. These breakthrough developments in oncolytic virotherapy have opened new avenues for OVs to be used in combination with other immune-based therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) and bispecific T-cell engagers. In this review, the authors place the spotlight on systemic oncolytic virotherapy as an adaptable immunotherapeutic for MM, highlight the unique mechanism of OVs in activating the immune-suppressive marrow microenvironment, and lastly showcase the OV platforms and the promising combination strategies in the pipeline for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselle Cook
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States.
| | | | - Kah Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN , United States
| | - Martha Lacy
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Stephen Russell
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN , United States
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Mehdizadeh M, Farhadihosseinabadi B, Nikoonezhad M, Sankanian G, Soleimani M, Sayad A. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling inhibitors for treatment of multiple myeloma: From small molecules to microRNAs. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 28:149-158. [PMID: 34612744 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211035369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is one of the most hard-to-treat cancers among blood malignancies due to the high rate of drug resistance and relapse. The researchers are trying to find more effective drugs for treatment of the disease. Hence, the use of drugs targeting signaling pathways has become a powerful weapon. Overactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways is frequently observed in multiple myeloma cancer cells, which increases survival, proliferation, and even drug resistance in such cells. In recent years, drugs that inhibit the mediators involved in this biological pathway have shown promising results in the treatment of multiple myeloma. In the present study, we aimed to introduce phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling inhibitors which include small molecules, herbal compounds, and microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Mehdizadeh
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Nikoonezhad
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Sankanian
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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11
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Zhong W, Darmani NA. Role of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 Pathway in Emesis and Potential New Antiemetics. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2020; 1:155-159. [PMID: 33426544 PMCID: PMC7793561 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.1.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Zhong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - N A Darmani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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12
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Gilchrist VH, Jémus-Gonzalez E, Said A, Alain T. Kinase inhibitors with viral oncolysis: Unmasking pharmacoviral approaches for cancer therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 56:83-93. [PMID: 32690442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are more than 500 kinases in the human genome, many of which are oncogenic once constitutively activated. Fortunately, numerous hyperactive kinases are druggable, and several targeted small molecule kinase inhibitors have demonstrated impressive clinical benefits in cancer treatment. However, their often cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, and the development of resistance mechanisms, remain significant limitations to these targeted therapies. Oncolytic viruses are an emerging class of immunotherapeutic agents with a specific oncotropic nature and excellent safety profile, highlighting them as a promising alternative to conventional therapeutic modalities. Nonetheless, the clinical efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy is challenged by immunological and physical barriers that limit viral delivery, replication, and spread within tumours. Several of these barriers are often associated with oncogenic kinase activity and, in some cases, worsened by the action of oncolytic viruses on kinase signaling during infection. What if inhibiting these kinases could potentiate the cancer-lytic and anti-tumour immune stimulating properties of oncolytic virotherapies? This could represent a paradigm shift in the use of specific kinase inhibitors in the clinic and provide a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of cancers. A phase III clinical trial combining the oncolytic Vaccinia virus Pexa-Vec with the kinase inhibitor Sorafenib was initiated. While this trial failed to show any benefits over Sorafenib monotherapy in patients with advanced liver cancer, several pre-clinical studies demonstrate that targeting kinases combined with oncolytic viruses have synergistic effects highlighting this strategy as a unique avenue to cancer therapy. Herein, we review the combinations of oncolytic viruses with kinase inhibitors reported in the literature and discuss the clinical opportunities that represent these pharmacoviral approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Heather Gilchrist
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Apoptosis Research Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Estephanie Jémus-Gonzalez
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Apoptosis Research Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aida Said
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Apoptosis Research Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Apoptosis Research Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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13
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Feng YQ, Gu SX, Chen YS, Gao XD, Ren YX, Chen JC, Lu YY, Zhang H, Cao S. Virtual Screening and Optimization of Novel mTOR Inhibitors for Radiosensitization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1779-1798. [PMID: 32440103 PMCID: PMC7220363 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s249156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy has an ameliorative effect on a wide variety of tumors, but hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is insensitive to this treatment. Overactivated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an important part in the resistance of HCC to radiotherapy; thus, mTOR inhibitors have potential as novel radiosensitizers to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy for HCC. Methods A lead compound was found based on pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking, and optimized according to the differences between the ATP-binding pockets of mTOR and PI3K. The radiosensitizing effect of the optimized compound (2a) was confirmed by colony formation assays and DNA double-strand break assays in vitro. The discovery and preclinical characteristics of this compound are described. Results The key amino acid residues in mTOR were identified, and a precise virtual screening model was constructed. Compound 2a, with a 4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold, exhibited promising potency against mTOR (mTOR IC50=7.1 nmol/L (nM)) with 126-fold selectivity over PI3Kα. Moreover, 2a significantly enhanced the sensitivity of HCC to radiotherapy in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion A new class of selective mTOR inhibitors was developed and their radiosensitization effects were confirmed. This study also provides a basis for developing mTOR-specific inhibitors for use as radiosensitizers for HCC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Xi Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Shou Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Gao
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Ying Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
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14
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Abstract
There has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of myeloma triggered by intense exploration of the disease biology to understand the basis of disease development and progression and the evolution of newly diagnosed myeloma to a multidrug refractory state that is associated with poor survival. These studies have in turn informed us of potential therapeutic strategies in our ongoing effort to cure this disease, or at a minimum convert it into a chronic disease. Given the clonal evolution that leads to development of drug resistance and treatment failure, identification of specific genetic abnormalities and approaches to target these abnormalities have been on the top of the list for some time. The more recent studies examining the genome of the myeloma cell have led to development of umbrella trials that assigns patients to specific targeted agents based on the genomic abnormality. In addition, other approaches to targeting myeloma such as monoclonal antibodies are already in the clinic and are being used in all stages of disease, typically in combination with other therapies. As the therapeutic strategy evolves and we have a larger arsenal of targeted agents, we will be able to use judicious combination of drugs based on specific tumor characteristics assessed through genomic interrogation or other biologic targets. Such targeted approaches are likely to evolve to become the mainstay of myeloma therapies in the future.
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15
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Martinez-Quintanilla J, Seah I, Chua M, Shah K. Oncolytic viruses: overcoming translational challenges. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1407-1418. [PMID: 30829653 DOI: 10.1172/jci122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising approach in which WT or engineered viruses selectively replicate and destroy tumor cells while sparing normal ones. In the last two decades, different oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been modified and tested in a number of preclinical studies, some of which have led to clinical trials in cancer patients. These clinical trials have revealed several critical limitations with regard to viral delivery, spread, resistance, and antiviral immunity. Here, we focus on promising research strategies that have been developed to overcome the aforementioned obstacles. Such strategies include engineering OVs to target a broad spectrum of tumor cells while evading the immune system, developing unique delivery mechanisms, combining other immunotherapeutic agents with OVT, and using clinically translatable mouse tumor models to potentially translate OVT more readily into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Seah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging and
| | - Melissa Chua
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Wang S, Zhu Y, Qiu R. Shikonin protects H9C2 cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:712-717. [PMID: 29807220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury often leads to irreversible myocardial cell death and even heart failure, with limited therapeutic possibilities. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of shikonin (SHK) against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte damage and explored the underlying mechanisms. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were pretreated with different doses of SHK prior to H/R exposure. We observed that SHK pretreatment significantly increased cell viability, attenuated LDH release, and suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by H/R exposure. SHK pretreatment also restored the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cytochrome c release. In addition, SHK significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β in H/R-treated H9C2 cells. These protective effects of SHK were partially reversed by LY294002, a specific PI3K/Akt inhibitor. Therefore, our findings suggested that SHK might be a promising agent for myocardial I/R injury, and PI3K/Akt signaling plays a crucial role during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Department of Emergency, No.1 People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfang Zhu
- Department of Emergency, No.1 People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ruixia Qiu
- Department of Medical Affairs, No.1 People's Hospital of Jining City, No.6 Jiankang Road, Jining, 272011, Shandong, China.
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17
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal malignancy of plasma cells that is newly diagnosed in ~30,000 patients in the US each year. While recently developed therapies have improved the prognosis for MM patients, relapse rates remain unacceptably high. To overcome this challenge, researchers have begun to investigate the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses as a novel treatment option for MM. Preclinical work with these viruses has demonstrated that their infection can be highly specific for MM cells and results in impressive therapeutic efficacy in a variety of preclinical models. This has led to the recent initiation of several human trials. This review summarizes the current state of oncolytic therapy as a therapeutic option for MM and highlights a variety of areas that need to be addressed as the field moves forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bartee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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18
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Abramson HN. Kinase inhibitors as potential agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81926-81968. [PMID: 27655636 PMCID: PMC5348443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of therapeutic options available for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) - from immunomodulating agents to proteasome inhibitors to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and, most recently, monoclonal antibodies. Used in conjunction with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, these modalities have nearly doubled the disease's five-year survival rate over the last three decades to about 50%. In spite of these advances, MM still is considered incurable as resistance and relapse are common. While small molecule protein kinase inhibitors have made inroads in the therapy of a number of cancers, to date their application to MM has been less than successful. Focusing on MM, this review examines the roles played by a number of kinases in driving the malignant state and the rationale for target development in the design of a number of kinase inhibitors that have demonstrated anti-myeloma activity in both in vitro and in vivo xenograph models, as well as those that have entered clinical trials. Among the targets and their inhibitors examined are receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, cell cycle control kinases, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway kinases, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase, casein kinase, integrin-linked kinase, sphingosine kinase, and kinases involved in the unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanley N Abramson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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19
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Shen Y, Feng Y, Chen H, Huang L, Wang F, Bai J, Yang Y, Wang J, Zhao W, Jia Y, Peng Y, Lei X, He A. Focusing on long non-coding RNA dysregulation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Life Sci 2018; 196:133-142. [PMID: 29459023 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological cancer with a higher rate of relapse. Alterations in the function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) promote the progression and metastasis of cancer. We carry out this study to explore the expression profile of differently expressed lncRNAs in newly diagnosed MM. MAIN METHODS The Bone marrows we analyzed were obtained from five MM and five IDA patients (serving as controls). Arraystar Human LncRNA Array V4.0 was used to profile expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis were utilized to understand the biological roles of differently expressed genes, while Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used for constructing the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm the expressions of dysregulated lncRNAs. KEY FINDINGS Bioinformatic analysis of the lncRNA expression identified >3000 dysregulated lncRNAs (difference ≥ 2-fold) in MM samples. GO and pathway analysis revealed that ECM-receptor and cell cycle pathway-related genes were significantly associated with MM. Four dysregulated lncRNAs were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Among them, the expression of ST3GAL6-AS1, LAMA5-AS1and RP11-175D17.3wereassociated with stage and risk status of MM. On the basis of GEO public database analysis, LAMA5-AS1 was related with an overall survival rate of MM patients. SIGNIFICANCE These results reveal the feasible functions of lncRNAs in pathogenesis of MM. Further studies are required to explore whether these lncRNAs could serve as candidate therapeutic targets and new molecular biomarkers for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuandong Feng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingjuan Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangxia Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ju Bai
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanhong Zhao
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yachun Jia
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoru Lei
- Institute of Hematology of Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aili He
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Das S, Nayak A, Siddharth S, Nayak D, Narayan S, Kundu CN. TRAIL enhances quinacrine-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells through induction of autophagy via modulation of p21 and DR5 interactions. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:593-607. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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21
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Zhang X, Cai L, He J, Li X, Li L, Chen X, Lan P. Influence and mechanism of 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy on the metastasis of esophageal carcinoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 20:78-85. [PMID: 28811223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of esophageal cancer was more and more popularly used since it was approved for the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer in 1996. It has been reported to influence the tumor growth and metastasis via a variety of signaling pathways, but its mechanism remains to be further studied. This research studied the effects of ALA-PDT on esophageal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo, discovering its molecular regulating mechanism and the way to enhence the PDT effect. METHODS Eca-109 cells were incubated with a medium containing EGFR tyrphostin AG1478 or PI3K inhibitor LY294002, then with ALA, and the cells were irradiated with the laser 6h later. The cell viability was measured with MTT assay, and the migration ability was detected by transwell experiments 24h post-ALA-PDT. The gene and protein expression on EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was analyzed by realtime PCR and Western blotting respectively. Then, RFP-Eca-109 burdened nude mice model was constructed, and were treated with ALA-PDT when the tumor volume reached 150-350mm3. The gene and protein expression were analyzed 24h and 50days post-ALA-PDT. RESULTS Our study showed that ALA-PDT respectively combined with AG1478, LY294002 could synergistically reduce the growth and migration ability of the Eca-109 cells in vitro and significantly down-regulate the protein expression of EGFR/PI3K and PI3K/AKT, meanwhile, significantly down-regulate the gene expression of EGFR when combining with AG1478. Forthermore, ALA-PDT could significantly decrease the tumor growth and metastasis and down-regulate the gene expression of EGFR and the protein expression of EGFR and PI3K in the tumor of mice. CONCLUSION This study revealed a molecular mechanism of ALA-PDT and developed a new modality application of therapy, by combining ALA-PDT with small molecular inhibitors, for better effect in the clinical practice of esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- The sixth affiliated hospital of SUN YAT-SEN University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longmei Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingcai He
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- The sixth affiliated hospital of SUN YAT-SEN University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libo Li
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Oncology, Panyu Central Hospital, Cancer Institute of Panyu, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ping Lan
- The sixth affiliated hospital of SUN YAT-SEN University, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a cancer treatment in which replication-competent viruses are used that specifically infect, replicate in and lyse malignant tumour cells, while minimizing harm to normal cells. Anecdotal evidence of the effectiveness of this strategy has existed since the late nineteenth century, but advances and innovations in biotechnological methods in the 1980s and 1990s led to a renewed interest in this type of therapy. Multiple clinical trials investigating the use of agents constructed from a wide range of viruses have since been performed, and several of these enrolled patients with urological malignancies. Data from these clinical trials and from preclinical studies revealed a number of challenges to the effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapy that have prompted the development of further sophisticated strategies. Urological cancers have a range of distinctive features, such as specific genetic mutations and cell surface markers, which enable improving both effectiveness and safety of oncolytic virus treatments. The strategies employed in creating advanced oncolytic agents include alteration of the virus tropism, regulating transcription and translation of viral genes, combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or gene therapy, arming viruses with factors that stimulate the immune response against tumour cells and delivery technologies to ensure that the viral agent reaches its target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Delwar
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Paul S Rennie
- Prostate Research Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - William Jia
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
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23
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Simpson GR, Relph K, Harrington K, Melcher A, Pandha H. Cancer immunotherapy via combining oncolytic virotherapy with chemotherapy: recent advances. Oncolytic Virother 2016; 5:1-13. [PMID: 27579292 PMCID: PMC4996257 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s66083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are multifunctional anticancer agents with huge clinical potential, and have recently passed the randomized Phase III clinical trial hurdle. Both wild-type and engineered viruses have been selected for targeting of specific cancers, to elicit cytotoxicity, and also to generate antitumor immunity. Single-agent oncolytic virotherapy treatments have resulted in modest effects in the clinic. There is increasing interest in their combination with cytotoxic agents, radiotherapy and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Similarly to oncolytic viruses, the benefits of chemotherapeutic agents may be that they induce systemic antitumor immunity through the induction of immunogenic cell death of cancer cells. Combining these two treatment modalities has to date resulted in significant potential in vitro and in vivo synergies through various mechanisms without any apparent additional toxicities. Chemotherapy has been and will continue to be integral to the management of advanced cancers. This review therefore focuses on the potential for a number of common cytotoxic agents to be combined with clinically relevant oncolytic viruses. In many cases, this combined approach has already advanced to the clinical trial arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy R Simpson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Targeted Cancer Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford
| | - Kate Relph
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Targeted Cancer Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Targeted Therapy, The Institute of Cancer Research/The Royal Marsden NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London
| | - Alan Melcher
- Targeted and Biological Therapies, Oncology and Clinical Research, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Targeted Cancer Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford
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Tsun A, Miao XN, Wang CM, Yu DC. Oncolytic Immunotherapy for Treatment of Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 909:241-83. [PMID: 27240460 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7555-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy entails the treatment of disease by modulation of the immune system. As detailed in the previous chapters, the different modes of achieving immune modulation are many, including the use of small/large molecules, cellular therapy, and radiation. Oncolytic viruses that can specifically attack, replicate within, and destroy tumors represent one of the most promising classes of agents for cancer immunotherapy (recently termed as oncolytic immunotherapy). The notion of oncolytic immunotherapy is considered as the way in which virus-induced tumor cell death (known as immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD)) allows the immune system to recognize tumor cells and provide long-lasting antitumor immunity. Both immune responses toward the virus and ICD together contribute toward successful antitumor efficacy. What is now becoming increasingly clear is that monotherapies, through any of the modalities detailed in this book, are neither sufficient in eradicating tumors nor in providing long-lasting antitumor immune responses and that combination therapies may deliver enhanced efficacy. After the rise of the genetic engineering era, it has been possible to engineer viruses to harbor combination-like characteristics to enhance their potency in cancer immunotherapy. This chapter provides a historical background on oncolytic virotherapy and its future application in cancer immunotherapy, especially as a combination therapy with other treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsun
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215123, China
| | - X N Miao
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215123, China
| | - C M Wang
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215123, China
| | - D C Yu
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215123, China.
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25
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Xi Y, Chen Y. Oncogenic and Therapeutic Targeting of PTEN Loss in Bone Malignancies. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1837-47. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics; Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; China
| | - Yan Chen
- Division in Signaling Biology; Princess Margaret Cancer Center; University Health Network; Toronto Canada
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26
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Gong WG, Lin JL, Niu QX, Wang HM, Zhou YC, Chen SY, Liang GW. Paeoniflorin diminishes ConA-induced IL-8 production in primary human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells in the involvement of ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 62:93-100. [PMID: 25748730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are closely associated with elevated levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), suggesting the ability to inhibit IL-8 production could enhance the treatment of liver diseases. Paeoniflorin is a major active constituent of dried Paeoniae Radix Alba root (Baishao in Chinese) which is widely used in China to treat liver diseases. We examined the effects and underlying mechanisms of paeoniflorin on IL-8 production in primary human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HHSECs). Concanavalin A (ConA) at 20 μg/mL produced a 5.2-fold increase in IL-8 mRNA by 8h, and a 14.2-fold rise in IL-8 levels by 16 h. Inhibition of MEK (ERK kinase) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by PD98059 and U0126, or inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) by LY294002 blocked both ConA-induced IL-8 mRNA expression and IL-8 secretion. Paeoniflorin reduced ConA-induced IL-8 mRNA expression and IL-8 release by 57.9% and 52.8%, respectively, and also decreased ConA-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt, suggesting paeoniflorin inhibits IL-8 expression and release by inhibiting the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways. Combining paeoniflorin with U0126 or LY294002 at low doses showed supra-additive inhibition of not only phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Akt by 46.4% and 35.0%, but also IL-8 release by 42.4% and 36.1% and IL-8 mRNA expression by 43.5% and 31.8%, respectively. In conclusion, paeoniflorin most likely contributes to the therapy for liver disease by exerting anti-inflammatory effects on HHSECs through blocking IL-8 secretion via downregulation of ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Guang Gong
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jue-Long Lin
- Center Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qing-Xia Niu
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Hong-Mei Wang
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yan-Chun Zhou
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shao-Ying Chen
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guo-Wu Liang
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China
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27
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Yang Y, Xu H, Huang W, Ding M, Xiao J, Yang D, Li H, Liu XY, Chu L. Targeting lung cancer stem-like cells with TRAIL gene armed oncolytic adenovirus. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:915-23. [PMID: 25683371 PMCID: PMC4420595 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer stem cell (LCSC) is critical in cancer initiation, progression, drug resistance and relapse. Disadvantages showed in conventional lung cancer therapy probably because of its existence. In this study, lung cancer cell line A549 cells propagated as spheroid bodies (named as A549 sphere cells) in growth factors-defined serum-free medium. A549 sphere cells displayed CSC properties, including chemo-resistance, increased proportion of G0/G1 cells, slower proliferation rate, ability of differentiation and enhanced tumour formation ability in vivo. Oncolytic adenovirus ZD55 carrying EGFP gene, ZD55-EGFP, infected A549 sphere cells and inhibited cell growth. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) armed oncolytic adenovirus, ZD55-TRAIL, exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity and induced A549 sphere cells apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, small molecules embelin, LY294002 and resveratrol improved the cytotoxicity of ZD55-TRAIL. In the A549 sphere cells xenograft models, ZD55-TRAIL significantly inhibited tumour growth and improved survival status of mice. These results suggested that gene armed oncolytic adenovirus is a potential approach for lung cancer therapy through targeting LCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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28
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Han X, Wang S, Zhou W, Li Y, Lei W, Lv W. Synergistic combination of histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-TRAIL as a therapy against cervical cancer. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:435-41. [PMID: 25684632 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (OA) have been investigated as virotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cervical cancer and thus far results are promising. However, the cytotoxicity of the viruses requires improvement. The present study demonstrated that this can be achieved by combining ZD55-TRAIL, an OA containing the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene, with the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). It was demonstrated that these agents act synergistically to kill HeLa cells by inducing G2 growth arrest and apoptosis. Notably, in a mouse xenograft model, ZD55-TRAIL/SAHA combination inhibited tumor growth. At the molecular level, it was found that upregulation of IκBα and the p50 and p65 subunits of nuclear factor-κB induced by ZD55-TRAIL, can be abrogated by SAHA treatment. These data strongly suggested that ZD55-TRAIL/SAHA co-treatment may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Han
- Institute of Oncology, Women's Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Shibing Wang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Wen Lei
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Lv
- Institute of Oncology, Women's Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Forbes NE, Krishnan R, Diallo JS. Pharmacological modulation of anti-tumor immunity induced by oncolytic viruses. Front Oncol 2014; 4:191. [PMID: 25101247 PMCID: PMC4108035 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) not only kill cancer cells by direct lysis but also generate a significant anti-tumor immune response that allows for prolonged cancer control and in some cases cures. How to best stimulate this effect is a subject of intense investigation in the OV field. While pharmacological manipulation of the cellular innate anti-viral immune response has been shown by several groups to improve viral oncolysis and spread, it is increasingly clear that pharmacological agents can also impact the anti-tumor immune response generated by OVs and related tumor vaccination strategies. This review covers recent progress in using pharmacological agents to improve the activity of OVs and their ability to generate robust anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Forbes
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Ramya Krishnan
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
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