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Wang S, Wang K, Li C, Chen J, Kong X. Role of flavonoids in inhibiting triple-negative breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1411059. [PMID: 39257397 PMCID: PMC11384598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1411059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing incidences of metastasis or recurrence (or both) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are a growing concern worldwide, as these events are intricately linked to higher mortality rates in patients with advanced breast cancer. Flavonoids possess several pharmaceutical advantages with multi-level, multi-target, and coordinated intervention abilities for treating TNBC, making them viable for preventing tumor growth and TNBC metastasis. This review focused on the primary mechanisms by which flavonoids from traditional Chinese medicine extracts inhibit TNBC, including apoptosis, blocking of cell cycle and movement, regulation of extracellular matrix degradation, promotion of anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of aerobic glycolysis, and improvement in tumor microenvironment. This review aims to improve the knowledge of flavonoids as a promising pharmacological intervention for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Kuanyu Wang
- The Second Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng Li
- The Second Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Chen
- The Second Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangding Kong
- The Second Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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2
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Lei C, Yu Y, Zhu Y, Li Y, Ma C, Ding L, Han L, Zhang H. The most recent progress of baicalein in its anti-neoplastic effects and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116862. [PMID: 38850656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Problems, such as toxic side effects and drug resistance of chemoradiotherapy, target therapy and immunotherapy accompanying the current anti-cancer treatments, have become bottlenecks limiting the clinical benefit for patients. Therefore, it is urgent to find promising anti-cancer strategies with higher efficacy and lesser side effects. Baicalein, a flavonoid component derived from the Chinese medicine scutellaria baicalensis, has been widely studied for its remarkable anti-cancer activity in multiple types of malignancies both at the molecular and cellular levels. Baicalein exerts its anti-tumor effects by inhibiting angiogenesis, invasion and migration, inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, as well as regulating cell autophagy, metabolism, the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells with no obvious toxic side effects. The role of classic signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK, AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT3, MMP-2/-9, have been highlighted as the major targets for baicalein exerting its anti-malignant potential. Besides, baicalein can regulate the relevant non-coding RNAs, such as lncRNAs, miRNAs and circ-RNAs, to inhibit tumorigenesis and progression. In addition to the mentioned commonalities, baicalein shows some specific anti-tumor characteristics in some specific cancer types. Moreover, the preclinical studies of the combination of baicalein and chemoradiotherapy pave the way ahead for developing baicalein as an adjunct treatment with chemoradiotherapy. Our aim is to summary the role of baicalein in different types of cancer with its mechanisms based on in vitro and in vivo experiments, hoping providing proof for baicalein serving as an effective and safe compound for cancer treatment in clinic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Lei
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yaya Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yanjuan Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanan Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Changju Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lina Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ling Han
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Haibo Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Bernasinska-Slomczewska J, Hikisz P, Pieniazek A, Koceva-Chyla A. Baicalin and Baicalein Enhance Cytotoxicity, Proapoptotic Activity, and Genotoxicity of Doxorubicin and Docetaxel in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:2503. [PMID: 38893380 PMCID: PMC11173533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major health concern and the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Standard treatment often involves surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but these come with side effects and limitations. Researchers are exploring natural compounds like baicalin and baicalein, derived from the Scutellaria baicalensis plant, as potential complementary therapies. This study investigated the effects of baicalin and baicalein on the cytotoxic, proapoptotic, and genotoxic activity of doxorubicin and docetaxel, commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs for breast cancer. The analysis included breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human endothelial cells (HUVEC-ST), to assess potential effects on healthy tissues. We have found that baicalin and baicalein demonstrated cytotoxicity towards both cell lines, with more potent effects observed in baicalein. Both flavonoids, baicalin (167 µmol/L) and baicalein (95 µmol/L), synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic, proapoptotic, and genotoxic activity of doxorubicin and docetaxel in breast cancer cells. In comparison, their effects on endothelial cells were mixed and depended on concentration and time. The results suggest that baicalin and baicalein might be promising complementary agents to improve the efficacy of doxorubicin and docetaxel anticancer activity. However, further research is needed to validate their safety and efficacy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bernasinska-Slomczewska
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 Str., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (P.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Pawel Hikisz
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 Str., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (P.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Pieniazek
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 Str., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (P.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Aneta Koceva-Chyla
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 Str., 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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Estrogenic flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms of action. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109250. [PMID: 36509337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major group of phytoestrogens associated with physiological effects, and ecological and social impacts. Although the estrogenic activity of flavonoids was reported by researchers in the fields of medical, environmental and food studies, their molecular mechanisms of action have not been comprehensively reviewed. The estrogenic activity of the respective classes of flavonoids, anthocyanidins/anthocyanins, 2-arylbenzofurans/3-arylcoumarins/α-methyldeoxybenzoins, aurones/chalcones/dihydrochalcones, coumaronochromones, coumestans, flavans/flavan-3-ols/flavan-4-ols, flavanones/dihydroflavonols, flavones/flavonols, homoisoflavonoids, isoflavans, isoflavanones, isoflavenes, isoflavones, neoflavonoids, oligoflavonoids, pterocarpans/pterocarpenes, and rotenone/rotenoids, was summarized through a comprehensive literature search, and their structure-activity relationship, biological activities, signaling pathways, and applications were discussed. Although the respective classes of flavonoids contained at least one chemical mimicking estrogen, the mechanisms varied, such as those with estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, non-estrogenic, and biphasic activities, and additional activities through crosstalk/bypassing, which exert biological activities through cell signaling pathways. Such mechanistic variations of estrogen action are not limited to flavonoids and are observed among other broad categories of chemicals, thus this group of chemicals can be termed as the "estrogenome". This review article focuses on the connection of estrogen action mainly between the outer and the inner environments, which represent variations of chemicals and biological activities/signaling pathways, respectively, and form the basis to understand their applications. The applications of chemicals will markedly progress due to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence for precision medicine, which is also true of the study of the estrogenome including estrogenic flavonoids.
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Chuang TC, Fang GS, Hsu SC, Lee YJ, Shao WS, Wang V, Lee SL, Kao MC, Ou CC. Baicalein suppresses HER2-mediated malignant transformation of HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells by downregulating HER2 gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36988316 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The upregulation of the HER2 oncogene is associated with a variety of human cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. Baicalein is reported to have anti-tumor activity, but the molecular mechanism of this effect in HER2-positive cancer cells has not been studied. In this study, our data showed that baicalein can inhibit the proliferation and transformation potential of ovarian cancer cells overexpressing HER2. Baicalein treatment caused a dose-dependent inhibition of HER2 gene expression at the transcriptional level. Baicalein acted on ovarian cancer cells overexpressing HER2 to downregulate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway downstream of HER2 and inhibit the expression or activity of downstream targets, such as VEGF and cyclin D1 and MMP2. Oral administration of baicalein supplemented with a pharmaceutical excipient significantly inhibited the growth of HER2-overexpressing ovarian SKOV-3 cancer xenografts in mice. These results suggest that downregulation of HER2 gene expression by baicalein at the transcriptional level contributes to inhibit the in vitro and in vivo proliferation and HER2-mediated malignant transformation of HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chao Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Guan-Shiun Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chung Hsu
- Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, University of Kang Ning, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Jen Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Syun Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Vinchi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shou-Lun Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Ching Kao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chih Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Srivastava S, Mathew J, Pandey AC. Baicalein—A review on its molecular mechanism against breast cancer and delivery strategies. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Unraveling the Role of Scutellaria baicalensis for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Using Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043594. [PMID: 36835006 PMCID: PMC9964558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis is often used to treat breast cancer, but the molecular mechanism behind the action is unclear. In this study, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation are combined to reveal the most active compound in Scutellaria baicalensis and to explore the interaction between the compound molecule and the target protein in the treatment of breast cancer. In total, 25 active compounds and 91 targets were screened out, mainly enriched in lipids in atherosclerosis, the AGE-RAGE signal pathway of diabetes complications, human cytomegalovirus infection, Kaposi-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, the IL-17 signaling pathway, small-cell lung cancer, measles, proteoglycans in cancer, human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, and hepatitis B. Molecular docking shows that the two most active compounds, i.e., stigmasterol and coptisine, could bind well to the target AKT1. According to the MD simulations, the coptisine-AKT1 complex shows higher conformational stability and lower interaction energy than the stigmasterol-AKT1 complex. On the one hand, our study demonstrates that Scutellaria baicalensis has the characteristics of multicomponent and multitarget synergistic effects in the treatment of breast cancer. On the other hand, we suggest that the best effective compound is coptisine targeting AKT1, which can provide a theoretical basis for the further study of the drug-like active compounds and offer molecular mechanisms behind their roles in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Arterburn JB, Prossnitz ER. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor GPER: Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:295-320. [PMID: 36662583 PMCID: PMC10153636 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031122-121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The actions of estrogens and related estrogenic molecules are complex and multifaceted in both sexes. A wide array of natural, synthetic, and therapeutic molecules target pathways that produce and respond to estrogens. Multiple receptors promulgate these responses, including the classical estrogen receptors of the nuclear hormone receptor family (estrogen receptors α and β), which function largely as ligand-activated transcription factors, and the 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, GPER, which activates a diverse array of signaling pathways. The pharmacology and functional roles of GPER in physiology and disease reveal important roles in responses to both natural and synthetic estrogenic compounds in numerous physiological systems. These functions have implications in the treatment of myriad disease states, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the complex pharmacology of GPER and summarizes major physiological functions of GPER and the therapeutic implications and ongoing applications of GPER-targeted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Arterburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA;
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA;
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism, and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Chda A, Bencheikh R. Flavonoids as G Protein-coupled Receptors Ligands: New Potential Therapeutic Natural Drugs. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1346-1363. [PMID: 38037994 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501268871231127105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the largest family of cell surface receptors found in the human genome. They govern a wide range of physiological responses in both health and diseases, making them one of the potential targeted surface receptors for pharmaceuticals. Flavonoids can modulate GPCRs activity by acting as allosteric ligands. They can either enhance or reduce the GPCR's effect. Emerging research shows that individual flavonoids or mixtures of flavonoids from plant extracts can have relevant pharmacological effects against a number of diseases, particularly by influencing GPCRs. In the present review, we are considering to give a comprehensive overview of flavonoids and related compounds that exhibit GPCRs activity and to further explore which beneficial structural features. Molecular docking was used to strengthen experimental evidence and describe flavonoid-GPCRs interactions at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alae Chda
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules (LM2BM), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Road of Immouzer, PO Box 2202, Fez, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Techniques - Fez. Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Fez, Morocco
| | - Rachid Bencheikh
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules (LM2BM), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Road of Immouzer, PO Box 2202, Fez, Morocco
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Fermentation Extract of Naringenin Increases the Expression of Estrogenic Receptor β and Modulates Genes Related to the p53 Signalling Pathway, miR-200c and miR-141 in Human Colon Cancer Cells Exposed to BPA. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196588. [PMID: 36235125 PMCID: PMC9572342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The estrogenic receptor beta (ERβ) protects against carcinogenesis by stimulating apoptosis. Bisphenol A (BPA) is related to promoting cancer, and naringenin has chemoprotective activities both can bind to ERβ. Naringenin in the colon is metabolized by the microbiota. Cancer involves genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, including miRNAs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the co-exposure effect of colonic in vitro fermented extract of naringenin (FEN) and BPA, to elucidate molecular effects in HT-29 colon cancer cell line. For this, we quantified genes related to the p53 signaling pathway as well as ERβ, miR-200c, and miR-141. As an important result, naringenin (IC50 250 µM) and FEN (IC50 37%) promoted intrinsic pathways of apoptosis through phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) (+2.70, +1.72-fold, respectively) and CASP9 (+3.99, +2.03-fold, respectively) expression. BPA decreased the expression of PTEN (−3.46-fold) gene regulated by miR-200. We suggest that once co-exposed, cells undergo a greater stress forcing them to mediate other extrinsic apoptosis mechanisms associated with death domain FASL. In turn, these findings are related to the increase of ERβ (5.3-fold with naringenin and 13.67-fold with FEN) gene expression, important in the inhibition of carcinogenic development.
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He L, Li X, Chen Z, Wang W, Wang K, Huang X, Yang Q, Ke W, Liu J, Zha B. High concentration of estradiol has a negative correlation with free thyroxine during the second trimester of pregnancy. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e220236. [PMID: 36006849 PMCID: PMC9578107 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between estradiol (E2) and thyroid function during the second trimester of pregnancy and the effect of E2 on sodium iodide transporter (NIS) expression in cultured thyroid cells. Materials and methods We analyzed relationships between E2 and thyroid function in 196 pregnant women during the second trimester. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed between E2 and thyroid function. The human thyroid Nthy-ori3-1 cells were cultured in different E2 concentrations, and the mRNA levels of NIS, estrogen receptor (ER)-α, and ER-β were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Their protein levels were assessed by western blot. Results E2 was positively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and negatively correlated with free thyroxine (FT4) (P < 0.05). When we corrected for age, BMI, alanine aminotransferase, and serum creatinine, E2 was still negatively correlated with FT4 (P < 0.5) during the second trimester. In Nthy-ori3-1 cells treated with 10 nM E2, NIS and ER-β mRNA levels were significantly reduced, while ER-α mRNA level was not altered (P > 0.5). Moreover, 10 nM E2 significantly decreased protein levels of ER-β, phosphorylated versions of protein kinase A (p-PKA), phosphorylated versions of cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), and NIS, while treatment with the ER-β inhibitor restored the expression of p-PKA, p-CREB, and NIS (P < 0.05). Conclusion High concentration of E2 has a negative correlation with FT4. High concentration of E2 can inhibit the NIS expression through the ER-β-mediated pathway, which may cause thyroid hormone fluctuations during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqi He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaoping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wencai Ke
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Zha
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang S, Yin N, Li Y, Xiang T, Jiang W, Zhao X, Liu W, Zhang Z, Shi J, Zhang K, Guo X, Si P, Liu J. Copper-based metal-organic framework impedes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis via local estrogen deprivation and platelets blockade. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:313. [PMID: 35794596 PMCID: PMC9258064 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the main causes of failure in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Abnormally estrogen level and activated platelets are the key driving forces for TNBC metastasis. Herein, an "ion/gas" bioactive nanogenerator (termed as IGBN), comprising a copper-based MOF and loaded cisplatin-arginine (Pt-Arg) prodrug is developed for metastasis-promoting tumor microenvironment reprogramming and TNBC therapy. The copper-based MOF not only serves as a drug carrier, but also specifically produces Cu2+ in tumors, which catalytic oxidizing estrogen to reduce estrogen levels in situ. Meanwhile, the rationally designed Pt-Arg prodrug reduced into cisplatin to significantly promote the generation of H2O2 in the tumor, then permitting self-augmented cascade NO gas generation by oxidizing Arg through a H2O2 self-supplied way, thus blocking platelet activation in tumor. We clarified that IGBN inhibited TNBC metastasis through local estrogen deprivation and platelets blockade, affording 88.4% inhibition of pulmonary metastasis in a 4T1 mammary adenocarcinoma model. Notably, the locally copper ion interference, NO gas therapy and cisplatin chemotherapy together resulted in an enhanced therapeutic efficacy in primary tumor ablation without significant toxicity. This "ion/gas" bioactive nanogenerator offers a robust and safe strategy for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Na Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongjuan Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Tingting Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenxiao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xingming Guo
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pilei Si
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Breast Cancer Precise Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
| | - Junjie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Breast Cancer Precise Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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Hu Z, Guan Y, Hu W, Xu Z, Ishfaq M. An overview of pharmacological activities of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein: New insights into molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:14-26. [PMID: 35656442 PMCID: PMC9118284 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.60380.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids, baicalin, and its aglycone baicalein possess multi-fold therapeutic properties and are mainly found in the roots of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. These flavonoids have been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. The pharmacological properties of baicalin and baicalein are due to their abilities to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interaction with various signaling molecules associated with apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, cell cycle, mitochondrial dynamics, and cytoprotection. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic applications of baicalin and baicalein in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. In addition, the preventive effects of baicalin and baicalein on mitochondrial dynamics and functions were highlighted with a particular emphasis on their anti-oxidative and cytoprotective properties. The current review highlights could be useful for future prospective studies to further improve the pharmacological applications of baicalein and baicalin. These studies should define the threshold for optimal drug exposure, dose optimization and focus on therapeutic drug monitoring, objective disease markers, and baicalin/baicalein drug levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Hu
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yurong Guan
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wanying Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Hubei Zhiying Medical Imaging Center, Radiology Department of Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
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14
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Baicalein Inhibits Metastatic Phenotypes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells via a Focal Adhesion Protein Integrin β8. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010005. [PMID: 35056061 PMCID: PMC8780671 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a prominent flavonoid from the indigenous herbal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses broad-spectrum anticancer activities. However, the biological effects of baicalein on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its underlying mechanisms remain unclarified. Thus, in this study, we examined the effects of baicalein on NPC cell lines and investigated the corresponding molecular mechanism through transcriptome profiling. In the study, four NPC cell lines were treated with various concentrations of baicalein at different time points. Cellular toxicity and proliferative inhibition of baicalein were examined by MTT assay. Metastatic phenotypes of NPC cells were investigated by wound healing, transwell, and adhesion assays. Additionally, microarray experiments were performed to determine the cellular pathways affected by baicalein. The expression and localization of the integrin β8 were validated by western immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Our results revealed that baicalein exhibited its cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity on all tested NPC cell lines. It also significantly inhibited metastatic phenotypes at sub-lethal concentrations. Transcriptomic analysis showed that baicalein significantly affected the focal adhesion pathway in NPC, where integrin β8 was greatly diminished. Thus, the present study results suggested that baicalein inhibits the metastatic phenotypes of NPC cells by modulating integrin β8, one of the major molecules in a focal adhesion pathway.
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15
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Verma E, Kumar A, Devi Daimary U, Parama D, Girisa S, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Potential of baicalein in the prevention and treatment of cancer: A scientometric analyses based review. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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16
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Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang M, Song Y, Zhang Y, Fan S, Ren S, Fu L, Zhang N, Hui H, Shen X. Baicalein resensitizes tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells by reducing aerobic glycolysis and reversing mitochondrial dysfunction via inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e577. [PMID: 34841716 PMCID: PMC8567056 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major hurdle for the effectiveness of tamoxifen (TAM) to provide clinical benefit. Therefore, it is essential to identify a sensitizer that could be used to improve TAM efficacy in treating TAM-resistant breast cancer. Here, we investigated the ability of baicalein to reverse TAM resistance. We found that baicalein increased the efficacy of TAM in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of TAM-resistant cells. It also enhanced the TAM-induced growth reduction of resistant cells from NOD/SCID mouse mammary fat pads, without causing obvious systemic toxicity. Analyses using the CellMiner tool and the Kaplan-Meier plotter database showed that HIF-1α expression was inversely correlated with TAM therapeutic response in NCI-60 cancer cells and breast cancer patients. HIF-1α expression was increased in TAM-resistant cells due to an increase in mRNA levels and reduced ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Baicalein reduced HIF-1α expression by promoting its interaction with PHD2 and pVHL, thus facilitating ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation and thereby suppressing the nuclear translocation, binding to the hypoxia-response element, and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α. As a result, baicalein downregulated aerobic glycolysis by restricting glucose uptake, lactate production, ATP generation, lactate/pyruvate ratio and expression of HIF-1α-targeted glycolytic genes, thereby enhancing the antiproliferative efficacy of TAM. Furthermore, baicalein interfered with HIF-1α inhibition of mitochondrial biosynthesis, which increased mitochondrial DNA content and mitochondrial numbers, restored the generation of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, and thus enhanced the TAM-induced mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The HIF-1α stabilizer dimethyloxallyl glycine prevented the baicalein-induced downregulation of glycolysis and mitochondrial biosynthesis and reduced the effects of baicalein on reversing TAM resistance. Our results indicate that baicalein is a promising candidate to help overcome TAM resistance by sensitizing resistant cells to TAM-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. The mechanism underlying the effects of baicalein consists of inhibition of HIF-1α-mediated aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Minqin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Yuxuan Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Yue Zhang
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine ResourcesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Shuangqin Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine ResourcesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Shuang Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Lingyun Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Nenling Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine ResourcesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Hui Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and InterventionChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine ResourcesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
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Yang H, Wang C, Liao H, Wang Q. Activation of GPER by E2 promotes proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells by regulating the miR-124/CD151 pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:432. [PMID: 33868470 PMCID: PMC8045164 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and is responsible for a high mortality rate. However, the underlying pathological mechanism of breast cancer remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) play critical roles in the progression of breast cancer. Recent studies have reported that miR-124/CD151 participates in the development of breast cancer. However, the exact molecular mechanism of miR-124/CD151 action in 17β-estradiol (E2)-treated breast cancer cells remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate miR-124 and CD151 expression levels in MCF-7 cells treated with E2 via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to predict and identify whether CD151 is a potential target of miR-124. The Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were performed to detect proliferation of MCF-7 cells. In addition, the invasive and migratory abilities of MCF-7 cells were assessed via the Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The results demonstrated that E2 downregulated miR-124 expression, while upregulating G protein -coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) expression in MCF-7 cells. Following treatment with the GPER antagonist, G15, miR-124 expression was significantly enhanced and E2-induced proliferation, invasion and migration of MCF-7 cells were notably inhibited. In addition, CD151 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-124. CD151 silencing remarkably suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of E2-induced MCF-7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that upregulation of GPER expression induced by E2 promotes proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells by regulating the miR-124/CD151 pathway. Thus, the results of the present study provide a potential novel method for the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaicheng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232007, P.R. China
| | - Congyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232007, P.R. China
| | - Heqiang Liao
- Department of General Surgery, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232007, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232007, P.R. China
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18
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Shen J, Li P, Liu S, Liu Q, Li Y, Sun Y, He C, Xiao P. Traditional uses, ten-years research progress on phytochemistry and pharmacology, and clinical studies of the genus Scutellaria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113198. [PMID: 32739568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellaria (Lamiaceae), which includes approximately 360-469 accepted species, is widespread in Europe, North America, East Asia, and South America. Several species have a long history being used as traditional medicines to treat respiratory, peptic, neurological, and hepatic and gall diseases. The phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Scutellaria have been developed dramatically in the past ten years, and the traditional uses and clinical studies of the genus have not been systematically summarized. Therefore, it is especially valuable to review the current state of knowledge to provide a basis for further exploration of its medicinal potential. AIM OF THE REVIEW The review aims to provide updated information on the ethnopharmacology, the ten-year research progress of phytochemistry and pharmacology, and clinical studies of Scutellaria and to explore the potential medicinal values and further studies of Scutellaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review is based on published studies and books from the library and electronic sources, including SciFinder, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, the online ethnobotanical database, and ethnobotanical monographs. This literature is related to ethnopharmacology, the ten-year research progress on the phytochemistry and pharmacology, and clinical studies of Scutellaria. RESULTS A total of 50 species, 5 subspecies and 17 varieties of the genus Scutellaria are used as traditional medicine with various biological activities. In the past ten years, 208 chemical constituents have been identified from 16 species and 1 variety of the genus Scutellaria, such as neo-clerodane diterpenoids, sesterterpenoids, terpenoids, flavonoids. Pharmacological research has demonstrated that the extracts and compounds identified from this genus exhibit extensive biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial activities, effects on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases as well as hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects. The species S. baicalensis, S. barbata, and S. lateriflora and the main compounds baicalein, baicalin and wogonin are involved in clinical trials, which point the way for us to conduct further studies, such as study on the anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and other effects of Scutellaria. CONCLUSIONS The species included in the genus Scutellaria can be used to treat cancer, infection, hepatic disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and other diseases. Some indications in traditional medicines have been confirmed by modern pharmacological studies, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective activity, and hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects. The available literature indicated that most of the bioactivities could be attributed to flavonoids and neo-clerodane diterpenoids. Although there are some uses of Scutellaria in clinical practice, the existing research on this genus is still limited. In order to expand the development of medicinal resources of Scutellaria, the already studied species in this genus are recommended for more comprehensive investigation on their active substances, pharmacological mechanisms, quality control, clinical use and new drug research. Additionally, it is necessary to study species that their chemical composition or pharmacological activity have not yet been investigated, especially those used in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Pei Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yuhua Sun
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, China.
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
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19
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Safe S, Jayaraman A, Chapkin RS, Howard M, Mohankumar K, Shrestha R. Flavonoids: structure-function and mechanisms of action and opportunities for drug development. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:147-162. [PMID: 33868973 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic phytochemicals produced in fruits, nuts and vegetables and dietary consumption of these structurally diverse compounds is associated with multiple health benefits including increased lifespan, decreased cardiovascular problems and low rates of metabolic diseases. Preclinical studies with individual flavonoids demonstrate that these compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities and they enhance the immune system. Their effectiveness in both chemoprevention and chemotherapy is associated with their targeting of multiple genes/pathways including nuclear receptors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein-coupled receptors. However, despite the remarkable preclinical activities of flavonoids, their clinical applications have been limited and this is due, in part, to problems in drug delivery and poor bioavailability and these problems are being addressed. Further improvements that will expand clinical applications of flavonoids include mechanism-based precision medicine approaches which will identify critical mechanisms of action of individual flavonoids with optimal activities that can be used in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466 USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Marcell Howard
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466 USA
| | - Kumaravel Mohankumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466 USA
| | - Rupesh Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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Hussain A, Bourguet-Kondracki ML, Hussain F, Rauf A, Ibrahim M, Khalid M, Hussain H, Hussain J, Ali I, Khalil AA, Alhumaydhi FA, Khan M, Hussain R, Rengasamy KRR. The potential role of dietary plant ingredients against mammary cancer: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2580-2605. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1855413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, UMR 7245 MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, UMR 7245 MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Farhad Hussain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pukhtanuk (KP), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Salle), Germany
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Kannan R. R. Rengasamy
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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21
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Xu Z, Zhao D, Zheng X, Huang B, Xia X, Pan X. Quercetin exerts bidirectional regulation effects on the efficacy of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer therapy: An in vitro study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:1179-1193. [PMID: 32530119 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen was widely applied in the therapy of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. With the purpose of determining the potential impacts of quercetin on its effectiveness, MCF-7 cells were selected as the in vitro model and several cellular biological behaviors (ie, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle, apoptosis, and oxidative stress) were investigated. As results, quercetin showed contrasting dose-response to cellular behaviors dependent on the ROS-regulated p53 signaling pathways. In detail, quercetin promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis at low concentrations, whereas high-concentration resulted in apoptosis induction. Moreover, quercetin at a low concentration significantly inhibited tamoxifen-induced antiproliferation in MCF-7 cells, whereas high concentrations enhanced cell apoptosis in a synergetic manner. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis further implied that quercetin exerted its dual roles in tamoxifen-induced antiproliferative effects by regulated the gene expression involved in cell metastasis, cycle, and apoptosis through the ER pathways. Our present study provides a considerable support to the combination of quercetin and tamoxifen on human ER-positive breast carcinoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xu
- Faulty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Dimeng Zhao
- Faulty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xianyao Zheng
- Faulty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faulty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faulty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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22
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Ke JY, Yang J, Li J, Xu Z, Li MQ, Zhu ZL. Baicalein inhibits FURIN-MT1-MMP-mediated invasion of ectopic endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis possibly by reducing the secretion of TGFB1. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 85:e13344. [PMID: 32910833 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Endometriosis (EMs) is characterized by the presence of endometrial stroma and glands outside the uterus. Our previous study showed that baicalein inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in EMs. However, the effects of baicalein on the invasiveness of ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EcESCs) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the potential anti-invasive effect of baicalein and determine the underlying mechanism. METHODS The invasive and migratory properties of EcESCs were assessed in vitro using Transwell and wound healing assays. The expression of functional markers of EcESCs, including matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), FURIN, and TGFB1, was analyzed using WB and ELISA. Additionally, a mouse model of EMs was treated with baicalein (10 mg/kg/d and 35 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks. The weight and number of ectopic lesions were determined, and the expression of markers was assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Baicalein inhibited the invasion of EcESCs and the expression of certain invasion-related proteins, including MMP9, MMP2, and MT1-MMP. Exposure to baicalein reduced the extracellular levels of TGFB1 in EcESCs and the reduced expression of TGFB1, resulting in decreased expression of FURIN in EcESCs, which serves a pivotal role in the transformation of pro-MT1-MMP to activated MT1-MMP. In the mouse model of EMs, intraperitoneal injection of baicalein inhibited the growth of ectopic lesions and reduced MT1-MMP, FURIN, and TGFB1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Baicalein reduced the invasion of EMs, potentially by restricting the FURIN-MT1-MMP-mediated cell invasion of EcESCs maybe through reduction of the autocrine of TGFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ya Ke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Lin H, Hao Y, Wan X, He J, Tong Y. Baicalein inhibits cell development, metastasis and EMT and induces apoptosis by regulating ERK signaling pathway in osteosarcoma. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:49-57. [PMID: 31948366 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1713807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant primary tumor. Baicalein has broad-spectrum anti-tumor effects. This study aimed to study the specific molecular regulatory mechanism of baicalein in anti-osteosarcoma and the possible regulatory signaling network involved.Methods: In vitro experiment, MG-63 cells treated with 0, 50, 75, and 100 μM of baicalein. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle, apoptosis, and morphology were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT), clone formation, wound healing, Transwell, flow cytometry, Hoechst staining, wound healing and microscopic observation. In addition, cycle, apoptosis and EMT-related proteins and p-ERK/ERK expression level were analyzed using western blotting. In vivo experiments were performed by BALB/c-nude mice model establishment to detect mice and tumor weight, tumor volume, positive rate and p-ERK/ERK expression when mice treated with 100 μM of baicalein.Results: Firstly, the IC50 of baicalein was 67.57 μM. Then, baicalein decreased cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and the expression of CDK2, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, Bcl-2, N-cad, Vimentin, MMP-2, MMP-9, p-ERK/ERK, while increased G1 phase numbers, apoptosis and the expression level of p21, p27, cleaved caspase 3/9, Bax, E-cad, ZO-1 in a dose-dependent manner in MG-63 cells. Also, baicalein reduced the body weight, tumor weight and volume and relative expression level of p-ERK/ERK in vivo.Conclusion: Baicalein inhibits cell development, metastasis, and EMT progress and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by regulating ERK signaling pathway in osteosarcoma, and has a visible anti-osteosarcoma effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Yi Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Yongjun Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou City, China
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24
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Xia X, Xia J, Yang H, Li Y, Liu S, Cao Y, Tang L, Yu X. Baicalein blocked cervical carcinoma cell proliferation by targeting CCND1 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2729-2736. [PMID: 31284780 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1636055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of baicalein on the proliferation of cervical carcinoma cells and stimulate cervical carcinoma cells with baicalein. MTT method was used to observe cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to observe cell cycle, and gene technology was used to observe the expression of corresponding genes at the level of gene and protein. β-catenin activity was assessed using Western blot and ChIP. Baicalein suppressed cervical carcinoma cell HeLa proliferation by enhancing the activity of caspase-3. Baicalein blocked cell cycle at G0/G1 stage by inhibiting the expression of some genes. At the same time, it can prevent the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and inhibit the activity of Wnt. When the Wnt signaling pathway is increased, the proliferation of HeLa cells is inhibited, and apoptosis is promoted in this way. In conclusion, it indicated that baicalein inhibits cervical carcinoma progression by targeting CCND1 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulian Xia
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of South West Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Jiyi Xia
- b School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Hai Yang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of South West Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Yan Li
- c Medicine Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Shengyue Liu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of South West Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Yong Cao
- c Medicine Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Li Tang
- c Medicine Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , China
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of South West Medical University , Luzhou , China
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25
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Xu Z, Zheng X, Xia X, Wang X, Luo N, Huang B, Pan X. 17β-estradiol at low concentrations attenuates the efficacy of tamoxifen in breast cancer therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113228. [PMID: 31563769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen has been applied widely in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. The impact of low concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) (a pervasive environmental pollutant) on its effectiveness was studied in vitro using an MCF-7 cell line. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were studied along with cell cycle progression, reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potentials repression. The signaling pathways involved were identified. Typical concentrations of E2 in the environment (10-10 to 10-8 M) were observed to promote cell growth and protect MCF-7 cells from tamoxifen's cytotoxicity. Cell migration, invasion, cell cycle progression and apoptosis all involved in reducing tamoxifen's cytotoxicity. E2 at environmental concentrations induced PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signal transduction through the estrogen receptor pathways to affect cell proliferation. Taken together, the results explain how E2 in the environment may attenuate the efficacy of tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer therapy. They provide considerable support for E2's adverse effects on human health and cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Faculty of Life Science & Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xianyao Zheng
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science & Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Nao Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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26
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Jiang HC, Chen XR, Sun HF, Nie YW. Tumor promoting effects of glucagon receptor: a promising biomarker of papillary thyroid carcinoma via regulating EMT and P38/ERK pathways. Hum Cell 2019; 33:175-184. [PMID: 31782107 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon is a crucial hormone involved in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Large efforts to define the role of glucagon receptor (GCGR) have been continuously made in recent years, but it is still incomplete about its function and mechanism. We performed this study to verify its potential impacts on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) progression. Correlation between GCGR expression and PTC was elaborated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the connection between GCGR expression and prognosis of PTC patients. GCGR expression was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis; simultaneously, cell viability was elucidated using cell proliferation and colony formation assays following siRNAs strategy. Transwell analyses were conducted to measure the invasion and migration of PTC cells. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to examine apoptotic ability. The cAMP ELISA kit was employed to measure the cAMP level in PTC cells. Our data determined that the expression level of GCGR was increased in PTC tissues and cells in contrast to normal tissues and Nthy-ori 3-1, respectively. Up-regulated GCGR expression was linked with the lower survival rate in patients with PTC. Functional analysis in vitro suggested that GCGR knockdown attenuated PTC cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration whilst intensified apoptosis. Down-regulated GCGR was able to increase cAMP level. Furthermore, reduction of GCGR could result in the inactivation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and P38/ERK pathways. In conclusion, the findings of this study disclosed that GCGR promoted PTC cell behaviors by mediating the EMT and P38/ERK pathways, serving as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker as well as therapeutic target for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chun Jiang
- Eye 3 Division of Red Flag Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ru Chen
- Color Doppler Ultrasound Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Wen Nie
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Jacenik D, Beswick EJ, Krajewska WM, Prossnitz ER. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in colon function, immune regulation and carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4092-4104. [PMID: 31435166 PMCID: PMC6700692 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens play important roles in the development and progression of multiple tumor types. Accumulating evidence points to the significance of estrogen action not only in tumors of hormonally regulated tissues such as the breast, endometrium and ovary, but also in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The effects of estrogens in physiological and pathophysiological conditions are mediated by the nuclear estrogen receptors α and β, as well as the membrane-bound G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). The roles of GPER in CRC development and progression, however, remain poorly understood. Studies on the functions of GPER in the colon have shown that this estrogen receptor regulates colonic motility as well as immune responses in CRC-associated diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. GPER is also involved in cell cycle regulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, proliferation, apoptosis, vascularization, cell migration, and the regulation of fatty acid and estrogen metabolism in CRC cells. Thus, multiple lines of evidence suggest that GPER may play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge regarding the contribution of GPER to colon function and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jacenik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
| | - Wanda M Krajewska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
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28
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Shikonin inhibits triple-negative breast cancer-cell metastasis by reversing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via glycogen synthase kinase 3β-regulated suppression of β-catenin signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 166:33-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Controlling metastatic cancer: the role of phytochemicals in cell signaling. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1087-1109. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Combinatorial anti-proliferative effects of tamoxifen and naringenin: The role of four estrogen receptor subtypes. Toxicology 2018; 410:231-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Perkins MS, Louw-du Toit R, Africander D. Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer: Emerging Steroid Receptor Mechanisms. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:R133-R160. [PMID: 29899079 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although hormone therapy is widely used by millions of women to relieve symptoms of menopause, it has been associated with several side-effects such as coronary heart disease, stroke and increased invasive breast cancer risk. These side-effects have caused many women to seek alternatives to conventional hormone therapy, including the controversial custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy suggested to not increase breast cancer risk. Historically estrogens and the estrogen receptor were considered the principal factors promoting breast cancer development and progression, however, a role for other members of the steroid receptor family in breast cancer pathogenesis is now evident, with emerging studies revealing an interplay between some steroid receptors. In this review, we discuss examples of hormone therapy used for the relief of menopausal symptoms, highlighting the distinction between conventional hormone therapy and custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy. Moreover, we highlight the fact that not all hormones have been evaluated for an association with increased breast cancer risk. We also summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of steroid receptors in mediating the carcinogenic effects of hormones used in menopausal hormone therapy, with special emphasis on the influence of the interplay or crosstalk between steroid receptors. Unraveling the intertwined nature of steroid hormone receptor signaling pathways in breast cancer biology is of utmost importance, considering that breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. Moreover, understanding these mechanisms may reveal novel prevention or treatment options, and lead to the development of new hormone therapies that does not cause increased breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan S Perkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Renate Louw-du Toit
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Donita Africander
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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32
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Cipolletti M, Solar Fernandez V, Montalesi E, Marino M, Fiocchetti M. Beyond the Antioxidant Activity of Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer: the Modulation of Estrogen Receptors (ERs) Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2624. [PMID: 30189583 PMCID: PMC6165334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential "health benefits" of dietary polyphenols have been ascribed to their direct antioxidant activity and their impact on the regulation of cell and tissue redox balance. However, because of the relative poor bioavailability of many of these compounds, their effects could not be easily explained by the antioxidant action, which may occur only at high circulating and tissue concentrations. Therefore, many efforts have been put forward to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlining the biological effect of polyphenols in physiological and pathological conditions. Polyphenols' bioavailability, metabolism, and their effects on enzyme, membrane, and/or nuclear receptors and intracellular transduction mechanisms may define the overall impact of these compounds on cancer risk and progression, which is still debated and not yet clarified. Polyphenols are able to bind to estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ), and therefore induce biological effects in human cells through mimicking or inhibiting the action of endogenous estrogens, even at low concentrations. In this work, the role and effects of food-contained polyphenols in hormone-related cancers will be reviewed, mainly focusing on the different polyphenols' mechanisms of action with particular attention on their estrogen receptor-based effects, and on the consequences of such processes on tumor progression and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cipolletti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
| | | | - Emiliano Montalesi
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
| | - Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
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33
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Jenie RI, Handayani S, Susidarti RA, Udin LZ, Meiyanto E. The Cytotoxic and Antimigratory Activity of Brazilin-Doxorubicin on MCF-7/HER2 Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:507-516. [PMID: 30276148 PMCID: PMC6156471 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Breast cancer cells with overexpression of HER2 are known to be more aggressive, invasive, and resistant to chemotherapeutic agent. Brazilin, the major compound in the Caesalpinia sappan L. (CS) heartwood, has been studied for it's anticancer activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and antimigratory activity of brazilin (Bi) in combination with doxorubicin (Dox) on MCF-7/HER2 cells. Methods: Cytotoxic activities of Bi individually and in combination with Dox were examined by MTT assay. Synergistic effects were analyzed by combination index (CI). Apoptosis and cell cycle profiles were observed by using flow cytometry. Migrating and invading cells were observed by using a Boyden chamber assay. Levels of MMP2 and MMP9 activity were observed by using a gelatin zymography assay. Levels of HER2, Bcl-2, Rac1, and p120 protein expression were observed by using an immunoblotting assay. Results: The results of the MTT assay showed that Bi inhibited MCF-7/HER2 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 54 ± 3.7 µM. Furthermore, the combination of Bi and Dox showed a synergistic effect (CI <1). Flow cytometric analysis of Bi and its combination with Dox showed cellular accumulation in the G2/M phase and induction of apoptosis through suppression of Bcl-2 protein expression. In the Boyden chamber assay, gelatin zymography, and subsequent immunoblotting assay, the combination Bi and Dox inhibited migration, possibly through downregulation of MMP9, MMP2, HER2, Rac1, and p120 protein expression. Conclusion: We conclude that Bi enhanced cytotoxic activity of Dox and inhibited migration of MCF-7/HER2 cells. Therefore, we believe that it has strong potential to be developed for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer with HER2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riris Istighfari Jenie
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.,Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Sri Handayani
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.,Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Indonesia
| | - Ratna Asmah Susidarti
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.,Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Linar Zalinar Udin
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Indonesia
| | - Edy Meiyanto
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.,Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
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Abstract
Previous studies have found that G-protein-coupled receptor 116 (GPR116) is a regulator of breast cancer metastasis. However, the role of GPR116 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) carcinogenesis and progression is unknown. In this study, We found GPR116 expression was significantly up-regulated in CRC specimens compared with corresponding non-cancerous tissues. Increased GPR116 expression in CRC was correlated with histological differentiation and distant metastasis. In addition, high expression of GPR116 was significantly associated with poor overall survival of CRC patients, which was also confirmed by GSE14333, GSE17536 and GSE33113 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the ability of proliferation and invasion of CRC cell lines HCT116 and LOVO was markedly reduced after transfected with siRNA-GPR116. Meanwhile, GPR116 may drive EMT in CRC cells through AKT/EKR signaling pathway, resulting in metastasis. Thus, GPR116 may be a novel reliable prognostic indicator and a risk factor in CRC progression.
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35
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Terabayashi T, Hanada K, Motani K, Kosako H, Yamaoka M, Kimura T, Ishizaki T. Baicalein disturbs the morphological plasticity and motility of breast adenocarcinoma cells depending on the tumor microenvironment. Genes Cells 2018; 23:466-479. [PMID: 29667279 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During tumor invasion, cancer cells change their morphology and mode of migration based on communication with the surrounding environment. Numerous studies have indicated that paracrine interactions from non-neoplastic cells impact the migratory and invasive properties of cancer cells. Thus, these interactions are potential targets for anticancer therapies. In this study, we showed that the flavones member baicalein suppresses the motility of breast cancer cells that is promoted by paracrine interactions. First, we identified laminin-332 (LN-332) as a principle paracrine factor in conditioned medium from mammary epithelium-derived MCF10A cells that regulates the morphology and motility of breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. Then, we carried out a morphology-based screen for small compounds, which showed that baicalein suppressed the morphological changes and migratory activity of MDA-MB-231 cells that were induced by conditioned medium from MCF10A cells and LN-332. We also found that baicalein caused narrower and incomplete lamellipodia formation in conditioned medium-treated MDA-MB-231 cells, although actin dynamics downstream of Rho family small GTPases were unaffected. These results suggest the importance of mammary epithelial cells in the cancer microenvironment promoting the migratory activity of breast adenocarcinoma cells and show a novel mechanism through which baicalein inhibits cancer cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Terabayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hanada
- Clinical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kou Motani
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mami Yamaoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Ishizaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
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36
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Baicalein has protective effects on the 17β-estradiol-induced transformation of breast epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:10470-10484. [PMID: 28060756 PMCID: PMC5354673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic and systematic studies have indicated that flavonoid consumption is associated with a lower incidence of breast cancer. Baicalein is the primary flavonoid derived from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. In the current study, the long-term exposure of breast epithelial cells to 17β-estradiol (E2) was used to investigate the chemopreventive potential of baicalein on neoplastic transformation. The results demonstrated that baicalein significantly inhibited E2-induced cell growth, motility, and invasiveness, and suppressed E2-induced misshapen acini formation in 3D cultures. Furthermore, it inhibited the ability of E2-induced cells to form clones in agarose and tumors in NOD/SCID immunodeficient mice. Docking studies using Sybyl-X 1.2 software showed that baicalein could bind to both estrogen receptor-α (ERa) and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPR30), which are two critical E2-mediated pathways. Baicalein prevented the E2-induced ERa-mediated activation of nuclear transcriptional signaling by interfering with the trafficking of ERa into the nucleus and subsequent binding to estrogen response elements, thereby decreasing the mRNA levels of ERa target genes. It also inhibited E2-induced GPR30-mediated signal transduction, as well as the transcription of GPR30-regulated genes. Therefore, these results suggest that baicalein is a potential drug for reducing the risk of estrogen-dependent breast cancer.
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37
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Lu C, Wang H, Chen S, Yang R, Li H, Zhang G. Baicalein inhibits cell growth and increases cisplatin sensitivity of A549 and H460 cells via miR-424-3p and targeting PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2478-2487. [PMID: 29392841 PMCID: PMC5867147 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in individuals with malignant disease. Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, and chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin are the most widely used treatment for this disease. Baicalein is a purified flavonoid compound that has been reported to inhibit cancer cell growth and metastasis and increase sensitization to chemotherapeutic drugs via different pathways. Therefore, we assessed the effects of baicalein on the proliferation, apoptosis and cisplatin sensitivity in the NSCLC A549 and H460 cell lines and determined the pathways through which baicalein exerts its effects. Baicalein was slightly toxic to normal human bronchial NHBE cells but inhibited growth, induced apoptosis and increased cisplatin sensitivity in A549 and H460 cells. Baicalein down‐regulated miR‐424‐3p, up‐regulated PTEN expression and down‐regulated expression of PI3K and p‐Akt in A549 and H460 cells. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that PTEN is a target gene of miR‐424‐3p, and overexpression of miR‐424‐3p or silencing of PTEN partially attenuated the effects of baicalein on A549 and H460 cells. Taken together, we concluded that baicalein inhibits cell growth and increases cisplatin sensitivity to A549 and H460 cells via down‐regulation of miR‐424‐3p and targeting the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huaqi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Yu X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Mao X, Zhang Y, Xia J. Baicalein induces cervical cancer apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5088-5094. [PMID: 29393414 PMCID: PMC5865972 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of baicalein in inducing human cervical cancer cell line C33A apoptosis. Baicalein (200 µM) was used to treat C33A cells. Cell proliferation was tested by the MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay and caspase‑3 activity measurement. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry and associated gene expression at mRNA and protein levels. Nuclear factor (NF)‑κB activity was assessed by luciferase assay and western blotting. Baicalein suppressed cervical cancer cell C33A proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by activating caspase‑3 activity. Baicalein blocked cell cycle in G0/G1 phase through regulating the expression of associated genes. Baicalein inhibited NF‑κB activity by repressing nuclear translocation. Baicalein suppressed C33A proliferation and promoted cellular apoptosis by inhibiting NF‑κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, the results indicate that baicalein can inhibit cervical cancer cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis by affecting NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhou Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiguan Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jiyi Xia
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Xu D, Chen Q, Liu Y, Wen X. Baicalein suppresses the androgen receptor (AR)-mediated prostate cancer progression via inhibiting the AR N-C dimerization and AR-coactivators interaction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105561-105573. [PMID: 29285272 PMCID: PMC5739659 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Androgen deprivation therapy with antiandrogens to reduce androgen biosynthesis or prevent androgens from binding to AR are widely used to suppress AR-mediated PCa growth. However, most of ADT may eventually fail with development of the castration resistance after 12-24 months. Here we found that a natural product baicalein can effectively suppress the PCa progression via targeting the androgen-induced AR transactivation with little effect to AR protein expression. METHODS PCa cells including LNCaP, CWR22Rv1, C4-2, PC-3, and DU145, were treated with baicalein and luciferase assay was used to evaluate their effect on the AR transactivation. Cell growth and IC50 were determined by MTT assay after 48 hrs treatment. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA levels of AR target genes including PSA, TMPRSS2, and TMEPA1. Western blot was used to determine AR and PSA protein expression. RESULTS The natural product of baicalein can selectively inhibit AR transactivation with little effect on the other nuclear receptors, including ERα, and GR. At a low concentration, 2.5 μM of baicalein effectively suppresses the growth of AR-positive PCa cells, and has little effect on AR-negative PCa cells. Mechanism dissection suggest that baicalein can suppress AR target genes (PSA, TMPRSS2, and TMEPA1) expression in both androgen responsive LNCaP cells and castration resistant CWR22Rv1 cells, that may involve the inhibiting the AR N/C dimerization and AR-coactivators interaction. CONCLUSIONS Baicalein may be developed as an effective anti-AR therapy via its ability to inhibit AR transactivation and AR-mediated PCa cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Qiulu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Xingqiao Wen
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, P.R. China
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Bisphenol A and estrogen induce proliferation of human thyroid tumor cells via an estrogen-receptor-dependent pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 633:29-39. [PMID: 28882636 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between papillary thyroid carcinoma and environmental exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) or 17-β estrogen (E2) by assessing the effects of these compounds on estrogen receptor expression and AKT/mTOR signaling. METHODS The effects of low levels of BPA (1mM-10nM) and 17β-estradiol (E2, 0.1mM-1nM) on ER expression and cellular proliferation were determined in human thyroid papillary cancer BHP10-3 cells. Protein and mRNA levels of estrogen nuclear receptors (ERα/ERβ) and membrane receptors (GPR30) were determined by immunofluorescence assay, Western blotting, and RT-PCR, respectively, and proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay. RESULTS The proliferative effects of BPA and E2 were both concentration- and time-dependent. Expression of ERα/ERβ and GPR30 were enhanced by BPA and E2. BPA and E2 could quickly phosphorylate AKT/mTOR. Moreover, ICI suppressed ERα expression and activated GPR30 as did G-1. G-15 reversed the effects of E2 on GPR30 and AKT/mTOR, but did not alter the effect of BPA. CONCLUSIONS BPA influences thyroid cancer proliferation by regulating expression of ERs and GPR30, a mechanism that differs from E2. In addition, ICI and G-15 may have the potential to be used as anti-thyroid cancer agents.
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Lin J, Wang L, Gao J, Zhu S. MiR-203 inhibits estrogen-induced viability, migration and invasion of estrogen receptor α-positive breast cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2702-2708. [PMID: 28962215 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is common in females, and accounts for a large proportion of cancer-related cases of mortality. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been found to be involved in the progression of breast cancer via mediation of tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Previously, miR-203 has been reported to play a suppressive role in breast cancer. In the present study, the effects of miR-203 on the malignant phenotypes of estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer cells were investigated. It was found that treatment with estradiol (E2) significantly enhanced the viability, migration and invasion of ERα-positive breast cancer MCF-7 cells, accompanied by the significant downregulation of miR-203 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, MCF-7 cells were transfected with miR-203 mimics, resulting in a significant increase in miR-203 levels. Upregulation of miR-203 was found to significantly inhibit E2-induced upregulation of MCF-7 cell viability, migration and invasion. Upregulation of miR-203 also led to a significant decrease in the protein expression of ERα in MCF-7 cells. Using a luciferase reporter assay, ERα was identified as a direct target of miR-203 in MCF-7 cells. Finally, it was demonstrated that miR-203 was significantly downregulated in ERα-positive breast cancer tissues compared to their matched normal adjacent tissues. The expression levels of miR-203 were inversely correlated to the ERα levels in ERα-positive breast cancer tissues. Based on these results, it is proposed that miR-203 inhibits E2-induced viability, migration and invasion of ERα-positive breast cancer cells, and that this may be via direct targeting of ERα. Therefore, the present study highlights the importance of miR-203 and ERα in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Shiguang Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Hong DY, Wang J, Ling-Hu J, Zhang YY, Pan D, Xu YN, Tao L, Luo H, Shen XC. Baicalein, unlike 4-hydroxytamoxifen but similar to G15, suppresses 17β-estradiol-induced cell invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and activation in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1823-1830. [PMID: 28789417 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen performs an important role in the growth and development of breast cancer. There are at least three major receptors, including estrogen receptor (ER)α and β, and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), which mediate the actions of estrogen through using transcriptional and rapid non-genomic signaling pathways. Flavonoids have been considered candidates for chemopreventive agents in breast cancer. Baicalein, the primary flavonoid derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been reported to exert an anti-estrogenic effect. In the present study, the effects of baicalein on 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced cell invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and activation were investigated. Furthermore, its effects were compared with that of the active form of the ER modulator tamoxifen 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) and the GPR30 antagonist G15 in ERα- and GPR30-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The results demonstrated that OHT failed to prevent E2-induced cell invasion, upregulation and proteolytic activity of MMP-9. However, baicalein was able to significantly suppress these E2-induced effects. Furthermore, E2-stimulated invasion, and MMP-9 expression and activation were significantly attenuated following G15 treatment. In addition, baicalein significantly inhibited G-1, a specific GPR30 agonist, induced invasion, and reduced G-1 promoted expression and activity of MMP-9, consistent with effects of G15. The results of the present study suggest that baicalein is a therapeutic candidate for GPR30-positive breast cancer treatment, and besides ERα targeting the GPR30 receptor it may achieve additional therapeutic benefits in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Duan-Yang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ling-Hu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Di Pan
- Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Ling Tao
- Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Hong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Chun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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Ma F, Feng Y, Li W, Li Z, Liu T, Li L. miR-148a Suppresses estrogen-induced viability and migration of breast cancer cells via inhibition of estrogen receptor α expression. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2515-2522. [PMID: 28565873 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) play critical roles in the development and malignant progression of human cancers. miR-148a has previously been found to inhibit the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism of miR-148a in regulating the viability and migration of estrogen receptor (ER) α-positive breast cancer cells is still unknown. In this study, ERα-positive breast cancer MCF7 cells were treated with estradiol (E2). Data from MTT and wound healing assays showed that E2 treatment promoted the viability and migration of MCF7 cells. A bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay identified ERα as a direct target of miR-148a. Ectopic expression of miR-148a significantly decreased the protein expression of ERα (P<0.01), while knockdown of miR-148a significantly increased the ERα protein level in MCF7 cells (P<0.01). Furthermore, miR-148a overexpression significantly inhibited the E2-induced viability and migration of MCF7 cells (P<0.01), similar to the effect of silencing ERα. However, overexpression of ERα rescued the suppressed viability and migration caused by miR-148a upregulation. Finally, it was found that E2 treatment led to a significant decrease in the miR-148a level in MCF7 cells (P<0.01). These results suggest that miR-148a can suppress the E2-induced viability and migration of MCF7 breast cancer cells via inhibition of ERα protein expression, expanding the understanding of miR function in ERα-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yeqian Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Weihui Li
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zexuan Li
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Tiebang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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Du C, Cao H, Sun H, Zhao G, Lv H. Protective Effect of Baicalein on oxLDL-induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Injury in Endothelial Cell. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.280.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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45
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Gong WY, Zhao ZX, Liu BJ, Lu LW, Dong JC. Exploring the chemopreventive properties and perspectives of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein in solid tumors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 126:844-852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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46
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Zhu D, Wang S, Lawless J, He J, Zheng Z. Dose Dependent Dual Effect of Baicalin and Herb Huang Qin Extract on Angiogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167125. [PMID: 27902752 PMCID: PMC5130244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Huang Qin (root of Scutellaria baicalensis) is a widely used herb in different countries for adjuvant therapy of inflammation, diabetes, hypertension, different kinds of cancer and virus related diseases. Baicalin is the main flavonoid in this herb and has been extensively studied for 30 years. The angiogenic effect of herb Huang Qin extract and baicalin was found 13 years ago, however, the results were controversial with pro-angiogenic effect in some studies and anti-angiogenic effect in others. In this paper, the angiogenic effect of baicalin, its aglycone form baicalein and aqueous extract of Huang Qin was studied in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Dose dependent dual effect was found in both aqueous extract and baicalin, but not in baicalein, in which only inhibitory effect was observed. In order to reveal the cellular and molecular mechanism of how baicalin and baicalein affect angiogenesis, cell proliferation and programmed cell death assays were performed in treated CAM. In addition, quantitative PCR array including 84 angiogenesis related genes was used to detect high and low dosage of baicalin and baicalein responsive genes. Low dose baicalin increased cell proliferation in developing blood vessels through upregulation of multiple angiogenic genes expression, but high dose baicalin induced cell death, performing inhibitory effect on angiogenesis. Both high and low dose of baicalein down regulated the expression of multiple angiogenic genes, decreased cell proliferation, and leads to inhibitory effects on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John Lawless
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jianchen He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (JH)
| | - Zhengui Zheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (JH)
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Liang S, Chen Z, Jiang G, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Su Q, Wei W, Du J, Wang H. Activation of GPER suppresses migration and angiogenesis of triple negative breast cancer via inhibition of NF-κB/IL-6 signals. Cancer Lett 2016; 386:12-23. [PMID: 27836733 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by high vascularity and frequent metastasis. Here, we found that activation of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) by its specific agonist G-1 can significantly inhibit interleukin 6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). TNBC tissue microarrays from 100 TNBC patients revealed GPER is negatively associated with IL-6 levels and higher grade and stage. Activation of GPER or anti-IL-6 antibody can inhibit both in vitro tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and migration of TNBC cells. While recombinant IL-6 supplementary can significantly reverse the inhibitory effects of G-1, suggesting the essential role of IL-6 in G-1 induced suppression of angiogenesis and invasiveness of TNBC cells. G-1 treatment decreased the phosphorylation, nuclear localization, transcriptional activities of NF-κB and suppressed its binding with IL-6 promoter. BAY11-7028, the inhibitor of NF-κB, can mimic the effect of G-1 to suppression of IL-6 and VEGF-A. While over expression of p65 can attenuate the inhibitory effects of G-1 on IL-6 and VEGF expression. The suppression of IL-6 by G-1 can further inhibit HIF-1α and STAT3 signals in TNBC cells by inhibition their expression, phosphorylation and/or nuclear localization. Moreover, G-1 also inhibited the in vivo NF-κB/IL-6 signals and angiogenesis and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that activation of GPER can suppress migration and angiogenesis of TNBC via inhibition of NF-κB/IL-6 signals, therefore it maybe act as an important target for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Liang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuojia Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiao Su
- Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weidong Wei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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48
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Ji Y, Han Z, Shao L, Zhao Y. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction of calcium channel subunit α 1D siRNA inhibits breast cancer via G protein-coupled receptor 30. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1886-92. [PMID: 27572936 PMCID: PMC5022872 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen has been closely associated with breast cancer. Several studies reported that Ca2+ signal and Ca2+ channels act in estrogen-modulated non-genomic pathway of breast cancer, however little was revealed on the function of L-type Ca2+ channels. The L-type Ca2+ channel subunit α 1D, named Cav1.3 was found in breast cancer cells. We aimed to investigate the expression and activity of Cav1.3 in human breast cancer, and reveal the effect of estrogen in regulating the expression of Cav1.3. The qRT-PCR and western blotting were employed to show that Cav1.3 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues. E2 exposure rapidly upregulated the expression of Cav1.3 in dosage- and time-dependent manner, and promoted Ca2+ influx. The silencing of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPER1/GPR30) using siRNA transfection inhibited the upregulation of Cav1.3 and Ca2+ influx induced by E2. Moreover, the inhibition of Cav1.3 by siRNA transfection suppressed E2-induced second peak of Ca2+ signal, the expression of p-ERK1/2, and the cell proliferation. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) of Cav1.3 siRNA was used in MCF-7 cells in vitro and in the tumor xenografts mice in vivo. The application of UTMD significantly suppressed the tumor growth and promoted the survival rate. In conclusion, E2 upregulated the expression of Cav1.3 for Ca2+ influx to promote the expression of p-ERK1/2 for cell proliferation. The study confirmed that the mechanism of E2 inducing the expression of Cav1.3 through a non-genomic pathway, and highlighted that UTMD of Cav1.3 siRNA is a powerful promising technology for breast cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Ji
- Department of Special Diagnosis, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China
| | - Limei Shao
- Department of Special Diagnosis, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Yuehuan Zhao
- Department of Special Diagnosis, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
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Li J, Chen Z, Zhou X, Shi S, Qi H, Baker PN, Zhang H. Imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis-related impaired GPR30 expression is involved in preeclampsia. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:499-508. [PMID: 27481507 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation and apoptosis of cells in the placenta play a critical role in preeclampsia (PE) in which estrogen has been implicated via estrogen receptors (ERs). A novel ER, G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), has recently been shown to be involved in PE. We investigated the basic levels of proliferation and apoptosis in normal placentae and placentae with PE and compared GPR30 expression levels between the two groups. We demonstrated that low GPR30 expression levels, more apoptosis, and less proliferation were associated with PE. Moreover, our in vitro study showed that both the selective GPR30 agonist G1 and the general ER agonist 17-β-estradiol were able to protect the placenta from hypoxia-reoxygenation injuries, resulting in decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation. Furthermore, this protective effect was abolished by the addition of the selective GPR30 inhibitor G15. These results provide evidence that (1) GPR30 is involved in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis; (2) pharmacologic upregulation of GPR30 is beneficial for PE management; (3) GPR30 may therefore be an interventional target for pregnancies complicated by PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Canada - China - New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Canada - China - New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Canada - China - New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuming Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Canada - China - New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Canada - China - New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Philip N Baker
- Canada - China - New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Canada - China - New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Canada - China - New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Abstract
The constituents of many traditional Chinese herbal remedies are currently at the forefront of modern cancer research. Baicalein, a bioactive flavone widely used in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, has shown great potential in the treatment and prevention of cancer without causing severe side effects. Baicalein induces cancer cell apoptosis and cause cell cycle arrest. It shows inhibitory effects on angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation, all of which are necessary for the promotion and progression of cancer. This review presents an overview of the anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of baicalein. In addition, the bioavailability of baicalein and approaches to improve it are summarized. Treatments of baicalein in combination with other anti-cancer agents are also mentioned.
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