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Brain Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Carriers of Disease Markers: Molecular Chaperones and MicroRNAs. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary and metastatic brain tumors are usually serious conditions with poor prognosis, which reveal the urgent need of developing rapid diagnostic tools and efficacious treatments. To achieve these objectives, progress must be made in the understanding of brain tumor biology, for example, how they resist natural defenses and therapeutic intervention. One resistance mechanism involves extracellular vesicles that are released by tumors to meet target cells nearby or distant via circulation and reprogram them by introducing their cargo. This consists of different molecules among which are microRNAs (miRNAs) and molecular chaperones, the focus of this article. miRNAs modify target cells in the immune system to avoid antitumor reaction and chaperones are key survival molecules for the tumor cell. Extracellular vesicles cargo reflects the composition and metabolism of the original tumor cell; therefore, it is a source of markers, including the miRNAs and chaperones discussed in this article, with potential diagnostic and prognostic value. This and their relatively easy availability by minimally invasive procedures (e.g., drawing venous blood) illustrate the potential of extracellular vesicles as useful materials to manage brain tumor patients. Furthermore, understanding extracellular vesicles circulation and interaction with target cells will provide the basis for using this vesicle for delivering therapeutic compounds to selected tumor cells.
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High-throughput microRNA profile in adult and pediatric primary glioblastomas: the role of miR-10b-5p and miR-630 in the tumor aggressiveness. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6949-6959. [PMID: 32888124 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system and, despite the standard therapy; the patients' prognoses remain dismal. The miRNA expression profiles have been associated with patient prognosis, suggesting that they may be helpful for tumor diagnosis and classification as well as predictive of tumor response to treatment. We described the microRNA expression profile of 29 primary GBM samples (9 pediatric GBMs) and 11 non-neoplastic white matter samples as controls (WM) by microarray analysis and we performed functional in vitro assays on these 2 most differentially expressed miRNAs. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed 3 distinct miRNA profiles, two of them in the GBM samples and a group consisting only of cerebral white matter. When adult and pediatric GBMs were compared to WM, 37 human miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed, with miR-10b-5p being the most overexpressed and miR-630 the most underexpressed. The overexpression of miR-630 was associated with reduced cell proliferation and invasion in the U87 GBM cell line, whereas the inhibition of miR-10b-5p reduced cell proliferation and colony formation in the U251 GBM cell line, suggesting that these miRNAs may act as tumor-suppressive and oncogenic miRNAs, respectively. The present study highlights the distinct epigenetic profiling of adult and pediatric GBMs and underscores the biological importance of mir-10b-5p and miR-630 for the pathobiology of these lethal tumors.
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Meng Q, Sun H, Wu S, Xu J, Yun J, Yang X, Li B, Zhu H, Xue L, Li X, Chen R. MicroRNA-382-5p is involved in pulmonary inflammation induced by fine particulate matter exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114278. [PMID: 32146367 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has been related to the increasing incidence and mortality of pulmonary diseases, where microRNAs (miRNAs) play significant roles in these biological and pathological processes. In the present study, we found that miR-382-5p played an anti-inflammatory role in pulmonary inflammation induced by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) or diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) in vitro and in vivo. The expression level of miR-382-5p was downregulated, while its target gene, namely CXCL12, was elevated in HBE cells after exposure to PM2.5 or DEPs. Mechanistically, PM2.5 or DEPs exposure increased CXCL12/MMP9 expression via miR-382-5p inhibition, subsequently triggered pulmonary inflammation. Furthermore, antagonizing the function of CXCL12 significantly reduced the expression of MMP9 and local inflammation induced by PM2.5 or DEPs. PM2.5 or DEPs caused apoptosis and G1 phase arrest could be partially restored by overexpression of miR-382-5p and antagonism of CXCL12. In a murine model, enhanced miR-382-5p expression effectively reduced expression levels of CXCL12, MMP9 and inflammatory cytokines, hereby protected lung tissues against PM2.5 or DEPs-induced lesions. Collectively, the miR-382-5p/CXCL12/MMP9 pathway may provide a mechanism, which mediates inflammatory response to PM2.5 or DEPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shenshen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun Yun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ling Xue
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Wu X, Hu C, Long C, Zhai X, Liang P, Yu Z. MicroRNA-351 Promotes the Proliferation and Invasion of Glioma Cells through Downregulation of NAIF1. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1493-1499. [PMID: 32506303 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-characterized expression profile of miR-351 in the neural system, its molecular mechanisms in glioma still remain elusive. Here we intended to assess the regulatory function of miR-351 on nuclear apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (NAIF1) and, thereby, modulation of cancerous behaviors of human glioma cell lines. Two human glioma cell lines (U87 and U251) and normal human astroglia (NHA) cell line were cultured. The cell lines were prepared and transfected with mimic, inhibitor, and negative controls (NCs) of miR-351, then MTT and wound healing assays were performed. We extracted the total protein for western blotting assay and isolated the total RNA for real-time PCR. The miR-351 expression was significantly decreased in U87 and U251 cell lines compared with the NHA cell line (P < 0.05). NAIF1 expression was significantly higher in glioma cell lines compared with the NHA cell line (P < 0.05). Moreover, the NAIF1 expression showed a negative correlation with miR-351 (P = 0.005, r = -0.522). Apoptosis was significantly decreased in both cell lines transfected with miR-351 mimics compared with the NC group at 72 and 96 h after transfection (P < 0.05) and significantly increased in the transfected group with miR-351 inhibitors compared with the NC group at 72 and 96 h after transfection (P < 0.05). According to our results, after 24 and 48 h, migration was increased in the mimic group compared with the miR-351 NC group and decreased in the inhibitory group compared with the miR-351 NC group in the U251 cell line. Our findings provide theoretical evidence that miR-351, which targets NAIF1, could be considered an important marker in the pathogenesis of glioma. Furthermore, miR-351 has valuable potential to serve as a new prognostic and diagnostic biomarker and could be considered a potential target for the treatment of this cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, Yuzhong, China
| | - Chongling Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing, 400030, China.,Department of Neural Tumor, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Chunxi Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, Yuzhong, China
| | - Xuan Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, Yuzhong, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, Yuzhong, China
| | - Zengpeng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, Yuzhong, China.
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A mixed antagonistic/synergistic miRNA repression model enables accurate predictions of multi-input miRNA sensor activity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2430. [PMID: 29934631 PMCID: PMC6014984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate a majority of protein-coding genes, affecting nearly all biological pathways. However, the quantitative dimensions of miRNA-based regulation are not fully understood. In particular, the implications of miRNA target site location, composition rules for multiple target sites, and cooperativity limits for genes regulated by many miRNAs have not been quantitatively characterized. We explore these aspects of miRNA biology at a quantitative single-cell level using a library of 620 miRNA sensors and reporters that are regulated by many miRNA target sites at different positions. Interestingly, we find that miRNA target site sets within the same untranslated region exhibit combined miRNA activity described by an antagonistic relationship while those in separate untranslated regions show synergy. The resulting antagonistic/synergistic computational model enables the high-fidelity prediction of miRNA sensor activity for sensors containing many miRNA targets. These findings may help to accelerate the development of sophisticated sensors for clinical and research applications.
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Yan Y, Peng Y, Ou Y, Jiang Y. MicroRNA-610 is downregulated in glioma cells, and inhibits proliferation and motility by directly targeting MDM2. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2657-64. [PMID: 27485527 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of microRNA (miR)-610 has previously been reported to be downregulated in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, miR-610 has yet to be investigated in human glioma. In the present study, miR-610 expression was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Post‑transfection with miR‑610 mimics and inhibitors, MTT assay, cell migration and invasion assays, western blot analysis and a luciferase assay were performed in glioma cell lines. The results demonstrated that miR‑610 was downregulated in glioma tissues compared with their normal adjacent tissues and normal brain tissues (P<0.05). The reduced expression levels of miR‑610 were associated with World Health Organization grade and the Karnofsky performance status of patients with glioma. Furthermore, the present study revealed that miR‑610 inhibited cell growth, migration and invasion in glioma cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to provide evidence suggesting that miR‑610 directly targets MDM2 proto-oncogene E3 ubiquitin protein ligase to function as a tumor suppressor in glioma. These results indicate that miR‑610 may be investigated as a target for therapeutic drugs designed to treat glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yangzhu Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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