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Liu T, Nie J, Zhang X, Deng X, Fu B. The value of EYA1/3/4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a study from multiple databases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7442. [PMID: 37156847 PMCID: PMC10167363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence from multiple studies that dysregulation of the Eyes Absent (EYA) protein plays multiple roles in many cancers. Despite this, little is known about the prognostic significance of the EYAs family in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We systematically analyzed the value of EYAs in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Our analysis included examining transcriptional levels, mutations, methylated modifications, co-expression, protein-protein interactions (PPIs), immune infiltration, single-cell sequencing, drug sensitivity, and prognostic values. We based our analysis on data from several databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA), the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO), UALCAN, TIMER, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), STRING, cBioPortal and GSCALite. In patients with ccRCC, the EYA1 gene was significantly highly expressed, while the expression of EYA2/3/4 genes showed the opposite trend. The level of expression of the EYA1/3/4 gene was significantly correlated with the prognosis and clinicopathological parameters of ccRCC patients. Univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analyses revealed EYA1/3 as an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC, establishing nomogram line plots with good predictive power. Meanwhile, the number of mutations in EYAs was also significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with ccRCC. Mechanistically, EYAs genes play an essential role in a wide range of biological processes such as DNA metabolism and double-strand break repair in ccRCC. The majority of EYAs members were related to the infiltration of immune cells, drug sensitivity, and methylation levels. Furthermore, our experiment confirmed that EYA1 gene expression was upregulated, and EYA2/3/4 showed low expression in ccRCC. The increased expression of EYA1 might play an important role in ccRCC oncogenesis, and the decreased expression of EYA3/4 could function as a tumor suppressor, suggesting EYA1/3/4 might serve as valuable prognostic markers and potential new therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taobin Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yong Wai Zheng Street 17#, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Nie
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yong Wai Zheng Street 17#, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Nanchang County People's Hospital, 199 Xiangyang Road, Liantang Town, Nanchang County, Nanchang City, 330200, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinxi Deng
- Department of Urology, Jiu Jiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yong Wai Zheng Street 17#, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Rafiq A, Aashaq S, Jan I, Beigh MA. SIX1 transcription factor: A review of cellular functions and regulatory dynamics. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1151-1164. [PMID: 34742853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sine Oculis Homeobox 1 (SIX1) is a member of homeobox transcription factor family having pivotal roles in organismal development and differentiation. This protein functionally acts to regulate the expression of different proteins that are involved in organ development during embryogenesis and in disorders like cancer. Aberrant expression of this homeoprotein has therefore been reported in multiple pathological complexities like hearing impairment and renal anomalies during development and tumorigenesis in adult life. Most of the cellular effects mediated by it are mostly due to its role as a transcription factor. This review presents a concise narrative of its structure, interaction partners and cellular functions vis a vis its role in cancer. We thoroughly discuss the reported molecular mechanisms that govern its function in cellular milieu. Its post-translational regulation by phosphorylation and ubiquitination are also discussed with an emphasis on yet to be explored mechanistic insights regulating its molecular dynamics to fully comprehend its role in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Rafiq
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Campus, Srinagar JK-190006, India
| | - Sabreena Aashaq
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar JK-190011, India
| | - Iqra Jan
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Campus, Srinagar JK-190006, India
| | - Mushtaq A Beigh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Campus, Srinagar JK-190006, India.
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3
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Romero-Garcia S, Prado-Garcia H, Carlos-Reyes A. Role of DNA Methylation in the Resistance to Therapy in Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1152. [PMID: 32850327 PMCID: PMC7426728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in chemotherapeutic treatments against cancer, some types of highly aggressive and invasive cancer develop drug resistance against conventional therapies, which continues to be a major problem in the fight against cancer. In recent years, studies of alterations of DNA methylome have given us a better understanding of the role of DNA methylation in the development of tumors. DNA methylation (DNAm) is an epigenetic change that promotes the covalent transfer of methyl groups to DNA. This process suppresses gene expression through the modulation of the transcription machinery access to the chromatin or through the recruitment of methyl binding proteins. DNAm is regulated mainly by DNA methyltransferases. Aberrant DNAm contributes to tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to current anti-tumoral therapies. Aberrant DNAm may occur through hypermethylation in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes, which leads to their silencing, while hypomethylation in the promoter regions of oncogenes can activate them. In this review, we discuss the impact of dysregulated methylation in certain genes, which impact signaling pathways associated with apoptosis avoidance, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. The analysis of methylome has revealed patterns of global methylation, which regulate important signaling pathways involved in therapy resistance in different cancer types, such as breast, colon, and lung cancer, among other solid tumors. This analysis has provided gene-expression signatures of methylated region-specific DNA that can be used to predict the treatment outcome in response to anti-cancer therapy. Additionally, changes in cancer methylome have been associated with the acquisition of drug resistance. We also review treatments with demethylating agents that, in combination with standard therapies, seem to be encouraging, as tumors that are in early stages can be successfully treated. On the other hand, tumors that are in advanced stages can be treated with these combination schemes, which could sensitize tumor cells that are resistant to the therapy. We propose that rational strategies, which combine specific demethylating agents with conventional treatment, may improve overall survival in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeles Carlos-Reyes
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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4
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Anantharajan J, Zhou H, Zhang L, Hotz T, Vincent MY, Blevins MA, Jansson AE, Kuan JWL, Ng EY, Yeo YK, Baburajendran N, Lin G, Hung AW, Joy J, Patnaik S, Marugan J, Rudra P, Ghosh D, Hill J, Keller TH, Zhao R, Ford HL, Kang C. Structural and Functional Analyses of an Allosteric EYA2 Phosphatase Inhibitor That Has On-Target Effects in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1484-1496. [PMID: 31285279 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
EYA proteins (EYA1-4) are critical developmental transcriptional cofactors that contain an EYA domain (ED) harboring Tyr phosphatase activity. EYA proteins are largely downregulated after embryogenesis but are reexpressed in cancers, and their Tyr phosphatase activity plays an important role in the DNA damage response and tumor progression. We previously identified a class of small-molecule allosteric inhibitors that specifically inhibit the Tyr phosphatase activity of EYA2. Herein, we determined the crystal structure of the EYA2 ED in complex with NCGC00249987 (a representative compound in this class), revealing that it binds to an induced pocket distant from the active site. NCGC00249987 binding leads to a conformational change of the active site that is unfavorable for Mg2+ binding, thereby inhibiting EYA2's Tyr phosphatase activity. We demonstrate, using genetic mutations, that migration, invadopodia formation, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells are dependent on EYA2 Tyr phosphatase activity, whereas growth and survival are not. Further, we demonstrate that NCGC00249987 specifically targets migration, invadopodia formation, and invasion of lung cancer cells, but that it does not inhibit cell growth or survival. The compound has no effect on lung cancer cells carrying an EYA2 F290Y mutant that abolishes compound binding, indicating that NCGC00249987 is on target in lung cancer cells. These data suggest that the NCGC00249987 allosteric inhibitor can be used as a chemical probe to study the function of the EYA2 Tyr phosphatase activity in cells and may have the potential to be developed into an antimetastatic agent for cancers reliant on EYA2's Tyr phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hengbo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lingdi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Taylor Hotz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Melanie Y Vincent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Melanie A Blevins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anna E Jansson
- Experimental Drug Discovery Centre, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Yee Khoon Yeo
- Experimental Drug Discovery Centre, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Grace Lin
- Experimental Drug Discovery Centre, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alvin W Hung
- Experimental Drug Discovery Centre, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joma Joy
- Experimental Drug Discovery Centre, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Juan Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pratyaydipta Rudra
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jeffrey Hill
- Experimental Drug Discovery Centre, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Thomas H Keller
- Experimental Drug Discovery Centre, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Heide L Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - CongBao Kang
- Experimental Drug Discovery Centre, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Xu H, Jiao Y, Yi M, Zhao W, Wu K. EYA2 Correlates With Clinico-Pathological Features of Breast Cancer, Promotes Tumor Proliferation, and Predicts Poor Survival. Front Oncol 2019; 9:26. [PMID: 30761270 PMCID: PMC6361843 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eyes absent homolog 2 (EYA2), a transcriptional activator, is pivotal for organ development, but aberrant regulation of EYA2 has been reported in multiple human tumors. However, the role of EYA2 in breast cancer is still lack of full understanding. To explore the biological significance of EYA2 in breast cancer, we conducted data analysis on public breast cancer datasets, and performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, colony-forming unit assays, EdU assay, western blotting, and immunofluorescence (IF). Meta-analysis showed that EYA2 mRNA expression was correlated with tumor grade, the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). IHC analysis displayed that EYA2 protein abundance was inversely associated with the status of ER and PR, and enriched in triple-negative breast cancer in comparison with luminal-type tumors. Additionally, correlation analysis reflected that EYA2 mRNA was negatively correlated with luminal markers, and positively associated with markers of basal cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells. Clone-forming assay and EdU experiment showed that EYA2 overexpression enhanced proliferation of breast cancer cells. Results from western blotting and IF displayed that overexpression of EYA2 up-regulated the protein abundance of proliferation markers. Importantly, survival analysis indicated that higher EYA2 mRNA level predicted worse overall survival, relapse-free survival and metastasis-free survival among whole enrolled breast cancer patients. Collectively, EYA2 was closely correlated with clinico-pathological characteristics, and served as a proliferation stimulator for breast cancer cells and an unfavorable prognostic element for breast cancer patients, suggesting that EYA2 is involved in the progression of breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kingsbury TJ, Kim M, Civin CI. Regulation of cancer stem cell properties by SIX1, a member of the PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH network. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 141:1-42. [PMID: 30691681 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH network (PSEDN) is a central developmental transcriptional regulatory network from Drosophila to humans. The PSEDN is comprised of four conserved protein families; including paired box (PAX), sine oculis (SIX), eyes absent (EYA), and dachshund (DACH). Aberrant expression of PSEDN members, particularly SIX1, has been observed in multiple human cancers, where SIX1 expression correlates with increased aggressiveness and poor prognosis. In conjunction with its transcriptional activator EYA, the SIX1 transcription factor increases cancer stem cell (CSC) numbers and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). SIX1 promotes multiple hallmarks and enabling characteristics of cancer via regulation of cell proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, genome stability, and energy metabolism. SIX1 also influences the tumor microenvironment, enhancing recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages and stimulating angiogenesis, to promote tumor development and progression. EYA proteins are multifunctional, possessing a transcriptional activation domain and tyrosine phosphatase activity, that each contributes to cancer stem cell properties. DACH proteins function as tumor suppressors in solid cancers, opposing the actions of SIX-EYA and reducing CSC prevalence. Multiple mechanisms can lead to increased SIX1 expression, including loss of SIX1-targeting tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRs), whose expression correlates inversely with SIX1 expression in cancer patient samples. In this review, we discuss the major mechanisms by which SIX1 confers CSC and EMT features and other important cancer cell characteristics. The roles of EYA and DACH in CSCs and cancer progression are briefly highlighted. Finally, we summarize the clinical significance of SIX1 in cancer to emphasize the potential therapeutic benefits of effective strategies to disrupt PSEDN protein interactions and functions.
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Trivedi S, Starz-Gaiano M. Drosophila Jak/STAT Signaling: Regulation and Relevance in Human Cancer and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124056. [PMID: 30558204 PMCID: PMC6320922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past three-decades, Janus kinase (Jak) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling has emerged as a paradigm to understand the involvement of signal transduction in development and disease pathology. At the molecular level, cytokines and interleukins steer Jak/STAT signaling to transcriptional regulation of target genes, which are involved in cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation. Jak/STAT signaling is involved in various types of blood cell disorders and cancers in humans, and its activation is associated with carcinomas that are more invasive or likely to become metastatic. Despite immense information regarding Jak/STAT regulation, the signaling network has numerous missing links, which is slowing the progress towards developing drug therapies. In mammals, many components act in this cascade, with substantial cross-talk with other signaling pathways. In Drosophila, there are fewer pathway components, which has enabled significant discoveries regarding well-conserved regulatory mechanisms. Work across species illustrates the relevance of these regulators in humans. In this review, we showcase fundamental Jak/STAT regulation mechanisms in blood cells, stem cells, and cell motility. We examine the functional relevance of key conserved regulators from Drosophila to human cancer stem cells and metastasis. Finally, we spotlight less characterized regulators of Drosophila Jak/STAT signaling, which stand as promising candidates to be investigated in cancer biology. These comparisons illustrate the value of using Drosophila as a model for uncovering the roles of Jak/STAT signaling and the molecular means by which the pathway is controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Trivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Michelle Starz-Gaiano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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8
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Zheng J, Cao F, Huang X, Ramen K, Xu X, Zhu Y, Chang W, Shan Y, Guo A. Eyes absent homologue 2 predicts a favorable prognosis in colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4661-4671. [PMID: 30122957 PMCID: PMC6087027 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s164149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Eyes absent homologue 2 (EYA2), which functions as a transcription activator and phosphatase, plays an important role in several types of cancer. However, the impact of EYA2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. Patients and methods We evaluated the significance of EYA2 expression in the development and progression of CRC in a large cohort, including 922 CRC cases. EYA2 protein expression was determined via immunohistochemistry in colorectal tissues. The correlation between EYA2 expression and CRC occurrence was investigated in tumor tissue and the adjacent normal tissues. Factors contributing to CRC prognosis were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier and Cox model analyses. Results EYA2 expression was progressively lower in the adjacent normal tissue, adenomas, primary tumor and the metastatic CRC (all P<0.05). Furthermore, EYA2 expression had significant associations with disease stage, differentiation grade, and number of resected lymph nodes (all P<0.001). Compared with patients with EYA2-high tumors, those with EYA2-low tumors had shorter disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.347; 95% CI, 1.665–3.308) and disease-specific survival (HR, 3.560; 95% CI, 2.055–6.167) in multivariate Cox analysis, after adjusting confounding factors such as tumor-node-metastasis stage and grade. In particular, patients with stage II or III EYA2-low CRC might be harmed by postoperative chemotherapy. Conclusion EYA2 expression was generally reduced in CRC. Higher EYA2 expression can predict a more favorable prognosis for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of General Medicine, Yangpu Hosptial, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China, .,Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325015, People's Republic of China,
| | - Fuao Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopei Huang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuvaneshan Ramen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325015, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Chang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Shan
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325015, People's Republic of China,
| | - Aizhen Guo
- Department of General Medicine, Yangpu Hosptial, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China,
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Li Z, Qiu R, Qiu X, Tian T. EYA2 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation by downregulating the expression of PTEN. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110837-110848. [PMID: 29340020 PMCID: PMC5762288 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advances have been made in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of lung cancer is still very poor. Eyes absent transcriptional cofactor EYA2 has been shown to promote lung cancer cell growth, however, the underlying molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. In the present study, we found that EYA2 was up-regulated in lung cancer, and EYA2 led to increased cell proliferation by inhibiting Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) expression via modulation of miR-93. Additionally, survival analysis showed that lung cancer patients with higher EYA2 expression predicted a worse prognosis. Therefore, these findings demonstrate that EYA2 may play an important role in lung cancer occurrence and progression. Targeting EYA2 may provide a feasible approach in developing novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Qiu
- Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Shangqiu Medical School, Shangqiu, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Liang Y, Xu X, Wang T, Li Y, You W, Fu J, Liu Y, Jin S, Ji Q, Zhao W, Song Q, Li L, Hong T, Huang J, Lyu Z, Ye Q. The EGFR/miR-338-3p/EYA2 axis controls breast tumor growth and lung metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2928. [PMID: 28703807 PMCID: PMC5550870 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) promotes cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis. However, its relevant downstream effectors are still limited. Here, we show that EGFR promotes breast tumor growth and metastasis by downregulating the tumor suppressor micoRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) and activating the EYA2 (EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 2) oncoprotein. EGFR represses miR-338-3p expression largely through HIF1α transcription factor. miR-338-3p inhibits EYA2 expression by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of EYA2. EGFR increases EYA2 expression via HIF1α repression of miR-338-3p. Through the miR-338-3p/EYA2 pathway, EGFR increases breast cancer cell growth, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion and lung metastasis in vitro and in a allograft tumor mouse model in vivo. In breast cancer patients, miR-338-3p expression negatively correlates with the expression of EGFR and EYA2, EGFR status positively associates with EYA2 expression, and miR-338-3p and EYA2 predict breast cancer lung metastasis when expressed in primary breast cancers. These data suggest that the miR-338-3p/EYA2 axis contributes to EGFR-mediated tumor growth and lung metastasis and that miR-338-3p activation or EYA2 inhibition or combination therapy targeting EGFR/miR-338-3p/EYA2 axis may be a promising way to treat patients with metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Liang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Oncology, 307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenye You
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Jin
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quanbo Ji
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Hong
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junjian Huang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Lyu
- Department of Endocrinology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
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11
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Liu Y, Long YH, Wang SQ, Li YF, Zhang JH. Phosphorylation of H2A.XTyr39positively regulates DNA damage response and is linked to cancer progression. FEBS J 2016; 283:4462-4473. [PMID: 27813335 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Life Science; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan China
- Cancer Institute; Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan China
| | - Yue-Hong Long
- College of Life Science; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan China
| | - Shu-Qing Wang
- Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Cancer Institute; Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan China
| | - Jing-Hua Zhang
- Cancer Institute; Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan China
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