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Shi J. Early 2-Factor Transcription Factors Associated with Progression and Recurrence in Bevacizumab-Responsive Subtypes of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2536. [PMID: 39061176 PMCID: PMC11275000 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The early 2-factor (E2F) family of transcription factors, including E2F1 through 8, plays a critical role in apoptosis, metabolism, proliferation, and angiogenesis within glioblastoma (GBM). However, the specific functions of E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) and their impact on the malignancy of Bevacizumab (BVZ)-responsive GBM subtypes remain unclear. This study used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), European Molecular Biology Laboratory's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to explore the impact of eight E2F family members on the clinical characteristics of BVZ-responsive GBM subtypes and possible mechanisms of recurrence after BVZ treatment. Using machine learning algorithms, including TreeBagger and deep neural networks, we systematically predicted and validated GBM patient survival terms based on the expression profiles of E2Fs across BVZ-responsive GBM subtypes. Our bioinformatics analyses suggested that a significant increase in E2F8 post-BVZ treatment may enhance the function of angiogenesis and stem cell proliferation, implicating this factor as a candidate mechanism of GBM recurrence after treatment. In addition, BVZ treatment in unresponsive GBM patients may potentially worsen disease progression. These insights underscore that E2F family members play important roles in GBM malignancy and BVZ treatment response, highlighting their potential as prognostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and recommending precision BVZ treatment to individual GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- Department of Neurology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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2
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Nickl V, Fakler J, Ziebolz D, Rumpel C, Stabenow L, Bernhagen J, Rampeltshammer E, Ernestus RI, Löhr M, Gugel I, Matthies C, Monoranu CM, Hagemann C, Breun M. Development of a vestibular schwannoma tumor slice model for pharmacological testing. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 405:110082. [PMID: 38387803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal was to develop a 3D tumor slice model, replicating the individual tumor microenvironment and for individual pharmaceutical testing in vestibular schwannomas with and without relation to NF2. METHODS Tissue samples from 16 VS patients (14 sporadic, 2 NF2-related) were prospectively analyzed. Slices of 350 µm thickness were cultured in vitro, and the 3D tumor slice model underwent thorough evaluation for culturing time, microenvironment characteristics, morphology, apoptosis, and proliferation rates. Common drugs - Lapatinib (10 µM), Nilotinib (20 µM), and Bevacizumab (10 µg/ml) - known for their responses in VS were used for treatment. Treatment responses were assessed using CC3 as an apoptosis marker and Ki67 as a proliferation marker. Standard 2D cell culture models of the same tumors served as controls. RESULTS The 3D tumor slice model accurately mimicked VS ex vivo, maintaining stability for three months. Cell count within the model was approximately tenfold higher than in standard cell culture, and the tumor microenvironment remained stable for 46 days. Pharmacological testing was feasible for up to three weeks, revealing interindividual differences in treatment response to Lapatinib and intraindividual variability in response to Lapatinib and Nilotinib. The observed effects were less pronounced in tumor slices than in standard cell culture, indicating the model's proximity to in vivo tumor biology and enhanced realism. Bevacizumab had limited impact in both models. CONCLUSION This study introduces a 3D tumor slice model for sporadic and NF2-related VS, demonstrating stability for up to 3 months, replication of the schwannoma microenvironment, and utility for individualized pharmacological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Nickl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Fakler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Ziebolz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Rumpel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Linus Stabenow
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Bernhagen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eva Rampeltshammer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralf-Ingo Ernestus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mario Löhr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Gugel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre of Neurofibromatosis and Rare Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cordula Matthies
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia M Monoranu
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hagemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Breun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Xue J, Deng J, Qin H, Yan S, Zhao Z, Qin L, Liu J, Wang H. The interaction of platelet-related factors with tumor cells promotes tumor metastasis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:371. [PMID: 38637802 PMCID: PMC11025228 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets not only participate in thrombosis and hemostasis but also interact with tumor cells and protect them from mechanical damage caused by hemodynamic shear stress and natural killer cell lysis, thereby promoting their colonization and metastasis to distant organs. Platelets can affect the tumor microenvironment via interactions between platelet-related factors and tumor cells. Metastasis is a key event in cancer-related death and is associated with platelet-related factors in lung, breast, and colorectal cancers. Although the factors that promote platelet expression vary slightly in terms of their type and mode of action, they all contribute to the overall process. Recognizing the correlation and mechanisms between these factors is crucial for studying the colonization of distant target organs and developing targeted therapies for these three types of tumors. This paper reviews studies on major platelet-related factors closely associated with metastasis in lung, breast, and colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xue
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Central Hospital of Qingdao Jiaozhou, 99 Yunxi River South Road, Qingdao, 266300, Shandong, China
| | - Jianzhao Deng
- Clinical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Qingdao Jiaozhou, 99 Yunxi River South Road, Qingdao, 266300, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Central Hospital of Qingdao Jiaozhou, 99 Yunxi River South Road, Qingdao, 266300, Shandong, China
| | - Songxia Yan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Lifeng Qin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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4
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Wang D, Wang W, Wang P, Wang C, Niu J, Liu Y, Chen Y. Research progress of colon-targeted oral hydrogel system based on natural polysaccharides. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123222. [PMID: 37454829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The quality of life is significantly impacted by colon-related diseases. There have been a lot of interest in the oral colon-specific drug delivery system (OCDDS) as a potential carrier to decrease systemic side effects and protect drugs from degradation in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Hydrogels are effective oral colon-targeted drug delivery carriers due to their high biodegradability, substantial drug loading, and great biocompatibility. Natural polysaccharides give the hydrogel system unique structure and function to effectively respond to the complex environment of the GIT and deliver drugs to the colon. In this paper, the physiological factors of colonic drug delivery and the pathological characteristics of common colonic diseases are summarized, and the latest advances in the design, preparation and characterization of natural polysaccharide hydrogels are reviewed, which are expected to provide new references for colon-targeted oral hydrogel systems using natural polysaccharides as raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Wang
- Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juntao Niu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yuzhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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5
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Peng S, Shen L, Yu X, Zhang L, Xu K, Xia Y, Zha L, Wu J, Luo H. The role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200111. [PMID: 37359553 PMCID: PMC10285877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease involving mainly the colorectal mucosa and submucosa, the incidence of which has been on the rise in recent years. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), known for its key function as a transcription factor, is pivotal in inducing antioxidant stress and regulating inflammatory responses. Numerous investigations have demonstrated the involvement of the Nrf2 pathway in maintaining the development and normal function of the intestine, the development of UC, and UC-related intestinal fibrosis and carcinogenesis; meanwhile, therapeutic agents targeting the Nrf2 pathway have been widely investigated. This paper reviews the research progress of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanlan Zha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
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Perrelli A, Bozza A, Ferraris C, Osella S, Moglia A, Mioletti S, Battaglia L, Retta SF. Multidrug-Loaded Lipid Nanoemulsions for the Combinatorial Treatment of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020480. [PMID: 36831015 PMCID: PMC9953270 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) or cavernoma is a major vascular disease of genetic origin, whose main phenotypes occur in the central nervous system, and is currently devoid of pharmacological therapeutic strategies. Cavernomas can remain asymptomatic during a lifetime or manifest with a wide range of symptoms, including recurrent headaches, seizures, strokes, and intracerebral hemorrhages. Loss-of-function mutations in KRIT1/CCM1 are responsible for more than 50% of all familial cases, and have been clearly shown to affect cellular junctions, redox homeostasis, inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of multidrug-loaded lipid nanoemulsions in rescuing the pathological phenotype of CCM disease. The pro-autophagic rapamycin, antioxidant avenanthramide, and antiangiogenic bevacizumab were loaded into nanoemulsions, with the aim of reducing the major molecular dysfunctions associated with cavernomas. Through Western blot analysis of biomarkers in an in vitro CCM model, we demonstrated that drug-loaded lipid nanoemulsions rescue antioxidant responses, reactivate autophagy, and reduce the effect of pro-angiogenic factors better than the free drugs. Our results show the importance of developing a combinatorial preventive and therapeutic approach to reduce the risk of lesion formation and inhibit or completely revert the multiple hallmarks that characterize the pathogenesis and progression of cavernomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Annalisa Bozza
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Sara Osella
- San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Torino, 10154 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Andrea Moglia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Silvia Mioletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, TO, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.F.R.)
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.F.R.)
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7
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Pradubyat N, Giannoudis A, Elmetwali T, Mahalapbutr P, Palmieri C, Mitrpant C, Ketchart W. 1'-Acetoxychavicol Acetate from Alpinia galanga Represses Proliferation and Invasion, and Induces Apoptosis via HER2-signaling in Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:163-178. [PMID: 33445186 DOI: 10.1055/a-1307-3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients have a good prognosis, but 30% of these patients will experience recurrence due to the development of resistance through various signaling pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the mode of anticancer effects of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, which is isolated from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga in estrogen receptor positive (MCF7) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressed (MCF7/HER2), and endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF7/LCC2 and MCF7/LCC9). 1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate showed antiproliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion and had higher potency in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressed cell lines. This was associated with down-regulation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, pERK1/2, pAKT, estrogen receptor coactivator, cyclin D1, and MYC proto-oncogene while in vivo and significant reduction in the tumor mass of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate-treated zebrafish-engrafted breast cancer groups. The anti-invasive effects of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate were confirmed in vitro by the matrigel invasion assay and with down-regulation of C - X-C chemokine receptor type 4, urokinase plasminogen activator, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor 2 genes. The down-regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator and fibroblast growth factor 2 proteins was also validated by molecular docking analysis. Moreover, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate-treated cells exhibited lower expression levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins in addition to enhanced stress-activated kinases/c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 and poly-ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, indicating apoptotic cell induction by 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate. Moreover, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate had higher potency in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressed cell lines regarding its inhibition on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, pAKT, pERK1/2, PSer118, and PSer167-ERα proteins. Our findings suggest 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate mediates its anti-cancer effects via human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinee Pradubyat
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain
- Overcoming cancer drug resistance research unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Athina Giannoudis
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain
| | - Taha Elmetwali
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Carlo Palmieri
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain
| | - Chalermchai Mitrpant
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wannarasmi Ketchart
- Overcoming cancer drug resistance research unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kim H, Shin Y, Kim DH. Mechanobiological Implications of Cancer Progression in Space. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740009. [PMID: 34957091 PMCID: PMC8692837 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is normally adapted to maintain homeostasis in a terrestrial environment. The novel conditions of a space environment introduce challenges that changes the cellular response to its surroundings. Such an alteration causes physical changes in the extracellular microenvironment, inducing the secretion of cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) from cancer cells to enhance cancer malignancy. Cancer is one of the most prominent cell types to be affected by mechanical cues via active interaction with the tumor microenvironment. However, the mechanism by which cancer cells mechanotransduce in the space environment, as well as the influence of this process on human health, have not been fully elucidated. Due to the growing interest in space biology, this article reviews cancer cell responses to the representative conditions altered in space: microgravity, decompression, and irradiation. Interestingly, cytokine and gene expression that assist in tumor survival, invasive phenotypic transformation, and cancer cell proliferation are upregulated when exposed to both simulated and actual space conditions. The necessity of further research on space mechanobiology such as simulating more complex in vivo experiments or finding other mechanical cues that may be encountered during spaceflight are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyondeog Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Liang J, Wang S, Zhang G, He B, Bie Q, Zhang B. A New Antitumor Direction: Tumor-Specific Endothelial Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:756334. [PMID: 34988011 PMCID: PMC8721012 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.756334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor blood vessels is an important strategy for tumor therapies. At present, antiangiogenic drugs are known to have significant clinical effects, but severe drug resistance and side effects also occur. Therefore, new specific targets for tumor and new treatment methods must be developed. Tumor-specific endothelial cells (TECs) are the main targets of antiangiogenic therapy. This review summarizes the differences between TECs and normal endothelial cells, assesses the heterogeneity of TECs, compares tumorigenesis and development between TECs and normal endothelial cells, and explains the interaction between TECs and the tumor microenvironment. A full and in-depth understanding of TECs may provide new insights for specific antitumor angiogenesis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shouqi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Baoyu He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingli Bie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Pan CF, Zhang X, Wang JW, Yang T, Zhong LLD, Shen KP. Weichang'an Formula Inhibits Tumor Growth in Combination with Bevacizumab in a Murine Model of Colon Cancer-Making up for the Deficiency of Bevacizumab by inhibiting VEGFR-1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:512598. [PMID: 33746736 PMCID: PMC7970919 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.512598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Angiogenesis plays an important role in the initiation, development, and metastasis of malignant tumors. Antiangiogenic drugs combined with immune therapy are considered to have a synergistic effect on anti-tumor strategy. Weichang’an formula (WCAF) is a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on pharmaceutical screening and clinical experience. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of WCAF and its combined action with Bevacizumab (BEV) in colorectal cancer, and to identify the possible mechanism of action. Methods: A human colon cancer cell (HCT 116) subcutaneous xenograft model was established in BALB/c-nu/nu mice. Tumor-bearing mice were randomized into each of four groups: control, WCAF treated, BEV treated, and WCAF plus BEV treated. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Western blot was used to assess the protein levels of Leptin-R, STAT3, p-STAT3, BCL-2, and VEGFR-1. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the micro-vessel density (MVD) and AKT1. Leptin and Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mRNA expression were detected by Real-time PCR (RT-PCR). A network pharmacology study and validation assay were carried out to find the underlying molecular targets of WCAF related to immune regulation. Results: Compared with the control group, WCAF reduced tumor weight and volume, as well as promoted tumor cell apoptosis. WCAF treatment decreased the mRNA expression of Leptin and VEGF-A, while the protein levels of CD31, LEP-R, VEGFR-1, STAT3, and p-STAT3 were decreased in tumor tissues. In addition, VEGFR-1 protein expression was decreased in the WCAF group and the WCAF plus BEV group but not in the BEV group. The combination of WCAF and BEV demonstrated a partial additive anti-tumor effect in vivo. The pharmacological network also found there are 26 WCAF target proteins related to cancer immune and 12 cancer immune related pathways. The AKT1 protein expression in the WCAF and WCAF + BEV groups were significantly lower than the that in the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: WCAF can inhibit tumor growth and promote apoptosis and inhibit tumor angiogenesis in subcutaneous xenografts of human colon cancer HCT-116 in nude mice. WCAF also makes up for the deficiency of BEV by inhibiting VEGFR-1. The VEGFR-1 expression between the combination group and BEV alone achieved statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). Combined with BEV, WCAF showed a partial additive anti-tumor effect. The mechanism may be related to Leptin/STAT3 signal transduction, VEGF-A, VEGFR-1 and WCAF target proteins related to cancer immune such as leptin and AKT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Fang Pan
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Nursing, Shengli College, China University of Petroleum, Dongying, China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ke-Ping Shen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zahra FT, Sajib MS, Mikelis CM. Role of bFGF in Acquired Resistance upon Anti-VEGF Therapy in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1422. [PMID: 33804681 PMCID: PMC8003808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic approaches targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway have been a significant research focus during the past decades and are well established in clinical practice. Despite the expectations, their benefit is ephemeral in several diseases, including specific cancers. One of the most prominent side effects of the current, VEGF-based, anti-angiogenic treatments remains the development of resistance, mostly due to the upregulation and compensatory mechanisms of other growth factors, with the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) being at the top of the list. Over the past decade, several anti-angiogenic approaches targeting simultaneously different growth factors and their signaling pathways have been developed and some have reached the clinical practice. In the present review, we summarize the knowledge regarding resistance mechanisms upon anti-angiogenic treatment, mainly focusing on bFGF. We discuss its role in acquired resistance upon prolonged anti-angiogenic treatment in different tumor settings, outline the reported resistance mechanisms leading to bFGF upregulation, and summarize the efforts and outcome of combined anti-angiogenic approaches to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Constantinos M. Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (F.T.Z.); (M.S.S.)
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12
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Yagi K, Mitstui M, Zamami Y, Niimura T, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Goda M, Chuma M, Fukunaga K, Shibata T, Ishida S, Sakurada T, Okada N, Hamano H, Horinouchi Y, Ikeda Y, Yanagawa H, Ishizawa K. Investigation of drugs affecting hypertension in bevacizumab-treated patients and examination of the impact on the therapeutic effect. Cancer Med 2020; 10:164-172. [PMID: 33231381 PMCID: PMC7826469 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In patients treated with bevacizumab, hypertension may be a biomarker of therapeutic efficacy. However, it is not clear whether drugs that control blood pressure influence bevacizumab's efficacy. In this study, we investigated drugs that may affect hypertension in bevacizumab‐treated patients and examined the impact on the therapeutic effect. Patients and methods We analyzed 3,724,555 reports from the third quarter of 2010 to the second quarter of 2015. All data were obtained from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) analysis. In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated a total of 58 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and treated for the first time with bevacizumab containing XELOX or mFOLFOX6 at The University of Tokushima Hospital between January 2010 and December 2015. The effect of the treatment was evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.0. Thereafter, the effect was confirmed using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and cultured cells. Results There are few reports in FAERS of hypertension in patients treated with omeprazole on bevacizumab. Based on the chart review, patients who used proton pump inhibitors (PPI) had a lower response to treatment than those who did not (response rate: 25% vs 50%). Furthermore, experiments on GEO and cell lines suggested that induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression by PPIs is the cause of the reduced therapeutic effect. Conclusion PPIs prevent hypertension in bevacizumab‐treated patients but may reduce bevacizumab's anti‐tumoral effects by inducing VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yagi
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Marin Mitstui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshito Zamami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Niimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Goda
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Chuma
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kimiko Fukunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ishida
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takumi Sakurada
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoto Okada
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hamano
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuya Horinouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yanagawa
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
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13
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Cai E, Yang D, Zhang Y, Cai J, Sun S, Yang P, Huang Y, Han Q, Xiong Z, Wang S. Angiopoietin-1 is associated with a decreased risk of lymph node metastasis in early stage cervical cancer. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1029-1034. [PMID: 32557524 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an important determinant of prognosis in patients with cervical cancer. Members of the angiopoietin family have been demonstrated to regulate tumor-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of angiopoietin-1 (ANG1) and angiopoietin-2 (ANG2) in clinically early stage of cervical cancer along with their correlations with LNM. METHODS In total, 124 human cervical cancer cases classified into stage IA-IIB in accordance with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 staging criteria were included. ANG1 and ANG2 expression levels in the tumor sections were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, including age at diagnosis, FIGO stage, tumor size, pathological type, histological grading, depth of stromal invasion, lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) and the expression status of ANG1 and ANG2, were used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) for LNM. RESULTS ANG1 and ANG2 were positively expressed in 75 (60.5%) and 89 (71.8%) cervical cancers respectively, with predominant staining in the cytoplasm. ANG1 expression was significantly decreased in tumors with LNM, while no correlation was observed between ANG2 expression and LNM. More importantly, the multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high ANG1 expression was an independent protective factor of LNM (OR 0.107, 95% confidential interval [CI] 0.020~0.567), while LVSI was an independent risk factor of LNM (OR 34.313, 95% CI 5.914~199.092). CONCLUSION ANG1 is associated with a significantly decreased risk of LNM in early stage cervical cancer. The predictive value and role of ANG1 in LNM needs to be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Dongyun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhoufang Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Shaohai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
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14
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Andreuzzi E, Capuano A, Poletto E, Pivetta E, Fejza A, Favero A, Doliana R, Cannizzaro R, Spessotto P, Mongiat M. Role of Extracellular Matrix in Gastrointestinal Cancer-Associated Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3686. [PMID: 32456248 PMCID: PMC7279269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumors are responsible for more cancer-related fatalities than any other type of tumors, and colorectal and gastric malignancies account for a large part of these diseases. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic approaches to improve the patients' outcome and the tumor microenvironment is a promising arena for the development of such treatments. In fact, the nature of the microenvironment in the different gastrointestinal tracts may significantly influence not only tumor development but also the therapy response. In particular, an important microenvironmental component and a potential therapeutic target is the vasculature. In this context, the extracellular matrix is a key component exerting an active effect in all the hallmarks of cancer, including angiogenesis. Here, we summarized the current knowledge on the role of extracellular matrix in affecting endothelial cell function and intratumoral vascularization in the context of colorectal and gastric cancer. The extracellular matrix acts both directly on endothelial cells and indirectly through its remodeling and the consequent release of growth factors. We envision that a deeper understanding of the role of extracellular matrix and of its remodeling during cancer progression is of chief importance for the development of new, more efficacious, targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Andreuzzi
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Alessandra Capuano
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Evelina Poletto
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Eliana Pivetta
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Albina Fejza
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Andrea Favero
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberto Doliana
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Experimental Gastrointestinal Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Paola Spessotto
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Maurizio Mongiat
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.A.); (A.C.); (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.D.); (P.S.)
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15
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Shu C, Sun P, Xie H, Huang W, Qi J, Ma Y. Virus-Like Particles Presenting the FGF-2 Protein or Identified Antigenic Peptides Promoted Antitumor Immune Responses in Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1983-1996. [PMID: 32308382 PMCID: PMC7146011 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s237182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 is overexpressed in various tumor tissues. It affects tumor cell proliferation, invasion and survival, promotes tumor angiogenesis and is tightly involved in the development of systemic and local immunosuppressive tumor mechanisms. Purpose This study aimed to develop an effective vaccine against FGF-2 and to investigate the effects of anti-FGF-2 immunization on tumor growth and antitumor immune responses. Methods A set of thirteen synthesized overlapping peptides covering all possible linear B-cell epitopes of murine FGF-2 and a recombinant FGF-2 protein were conjugated to virus-like particles (VLPs) of recombinant hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). The VLPs were immunized through a preventive or therapeutic strategy in a TC-1 or 4T1 grafted tumor model. Results Immunization with FGF-2 peptides or full-length protein-coupled VLPs produced FGF-2-specific antibodies with a high titer. Peptide 12, which is located in the heparin-binding site of FGF-2, or protein-conjugated VLPs presented the most significant effects on the suppression of TC-1 tumor growth. The levels of IFN-γ-expressing splenocytes and serum IFN-γ were significantly elevated; further, the immune effector cells CD8+ IFN-γ+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and CD4+ IFN-γ+ Th1 cells were significantly increased, whereas the immunosuppressive cells CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells and Gr-1+ CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were decreased in the immunized mice. In addition, VLP immunization significantly suppressed tumor vascularization and promoted tumor cell apoptosis. In mice bearing 4T1 breast tumor, preventive immunization with FGF-2-conjugated VLPs suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis, and increased effector cell responses. Conclusion Active immunization against FGF-2 is a new possible strategy for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyan Shu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyan Sun
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanghang Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialong Qi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
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16
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Luput L, Sesarman A, Porfire A, Achim M, Muntean D, Casian T, Patras L, Rauca VF, Drotar DM, Stejerean I, Tomuta I, Vlase L, Dragos N, Toma VA, Licarete E, Banciu M. Liposomal simvastatin sensitizes C26 murine colon carcinoma to the antitumor effects of liposomal 5-fluorouracil in vivo. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1344-1356. [PMID: 31960547 PMCID: PMC7156830 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil-based therapy remains the main approach in colorectal cancer, even though there are still some drawbacks, such as chemoresistance. In this study we combined 5-fluorouracil encapsulated in long-circulating liposomes with simvastatin, also encapsulated in long-circulating liposomes, that was previously proved to exert antitumor actions on the same tumor model. The production of angiogenic/inflammatory proteins was assessed by protein array and the production of markers for tumor aggressiveness (Bcl-2, Bax, and nuclear factor [NF]-κB) were determined by western blot analysis. Intratumor oxidative stress was evaluated through measurement of malondialdehyde level by HPLC, and through spectrophotometric analysis of catalytic activity of catalase and of total antioxidant capacity. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors for CD31 expression was assessed. Intratumor activity of MMP-2 by gelatin zymography was also carried out. Our results revealed that combined therapies based on liposomal formulations exerted enhanced antitumor activities compared with combined treatment with free drugs. Sequential treatment with liposomal simvastatin and liposomal 5-fluorouracil showed the strongest antitumor activity in C26 colon carcinoma in vivo, mainly through inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Important markers for cancer progression (Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κB, and intratumor antioxidants) showed that liposomal simvastatin might sensitize C26 cells to liposomal 5-fluorouracil treatment in both regimens tested. The outcome of simultaneous treatment with liposomal formulations was superior to sequential treatment with both liposomal types as the invasive capacity of C26 tumors was strongly increased after the latest treatment. The antitumor efficacy of combined therapy in C26 colon carcinoma might be linked to the restorative effects on proteins balance involved in tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Luput
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Sesarman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcela Achim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Muntean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Patras
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentin Florian Rauca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Denise Minerva Drotar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Stejerean
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Tomuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Dragos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Taxonomy and Ecology Department, Institute of Biological Research, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Alexandru Toma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Experimental Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca, branch of NIRDBS Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emilia Licarete
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Manuela Banciu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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17
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Dang W, Liu H, Fan J, Zhao C, Long Y, Tong C, Liu B. Monitoring VEGF mRNA and imaging in living cells in vitro using rGO-based dual fluorescent signal amplification platform. Talanta 2019; 205:120092. [PMID: 31450435 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
VEGF mRNA, as an important biomarker for disease diagnosis and therapeutics, has received extensive attention. However, how to monitor its mRNA levels rapidly and sensitively remains a challenge. Herein, a strategy was designed for facile and efficient detection of VEGF mRNA and imaging in living cells using a collaborative system of a fluorophore-labeled single-stranded probe (P), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and double-specific nuclease (DSN). The combination of strong fluorophore-quenching ability of rGO with DSN assisted signal amplification contributes to the superior sensitivity of the assay for VEGF mRNA, which was reflected by the lower limit of mRNA detection of 100 fM obtained using dual signal amplification manner. Furthermore, the developed sensor was directly used for intracellular mRNA imaging in vitro without the assistance of transfection reagent. In summary, the simple, ultra-sensitive and cost-effective mRNA assay system, which provided a general analysis strategy for other mRNAs assay by replacing the sequence of the probe, is hopeful for applying on the clinical diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Dang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jialong Fan
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ying Long
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Chunyi Tong
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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18
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Nemati S, Keihanian F, Saeidinia A, Bakhshaei M. Effect Of Bevacizumab On Growth Of Human Nasal Polyposis In Vitro; An Off-Label Use Of Anti-Angiogenic Agent For Nasal Polyposis Treatment. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3383-3389. [PMID: 31576112 PMCID: PMC6767760 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s219724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Nasal polyposis (NP) is a frequent problem during adulthood. Treatment of NP is primarily based on drugs, such as oral or topical steroids and in some types, by surgery. Despite of available therapeutic options for NP, recurrence after polypectomy is found. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a known factor involved in NP. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody, which acts against VEGF. Aim Regarding the availability of bevacizumab and its use in ophthalmic off-label application, in this study, we hypothesized that it could be a choice of non-invasive treatment. The researchers aimed at evaluating the use of bevacizumab in vitro on the growth of NP. Materials and methods In this experimental study, the researchers used eight non-allergic NP tissues from patients admitted for polypectomy clinic of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad. Tissues were cultured in DMEM medium based on standard protocols in the presence or absence of bevacizumab (10 to 250 μM) then incubated. The mean of the responses was reported. The level of VEGF and MTT test for NP epithelial cell viability were determined for each group. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. Results The researchers demonstrated that bevacizumab leads to a decrease in the level of VEGF (the most common cause of angiogenesis in NP) in media culture of NP, dose-dependently (P<0.001). The highest mean was related to the 10-μM group and the least mean was related to the 250-μM group. In MTT test after 5 days, it was shown that the percentage of viable epithelial NP cells (due to apoptosis) was decreased dose-dependently and could lead to resolving NP tissue (P<0.001), significantly. Conclusion This study showed that bevacizumab could help decrease the growth of NP tissue dose-dependently in organ culture in vitro by inhibiting VEGF. It seems that bevacizumab could be a good candidate for the treatment of non-allergic NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadman Nemati
- Rhino-sinus, Ear, and Skull Base Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Faeze Keihanian
- Cardiology Department, Imam Reza & Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Division, Booali Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Saeidinia
- Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Division, Booali Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bakhshaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Çetin A, Biltekin B. Combining Ellagic Acid with Temozolomide Mediates the Cadherin Switch and Angiogenesis in a Glioblastoma Model. World Neurosurg 2019; 132:e178-e184. [PMID: 31505280 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.08.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the combined effect of ellagic acid (EA) and temozolomide (TEM) on the cadherin switch and angiogenesis in the C6 glioma cell line. METHODS A total of 100 μM EA and 100 μM TEM were applied to rat C6 glioma cells for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cell proliferation was detected by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine immunohistochemistry. The messenger RNA and protein levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and their immunohistochemistry, respectively, subsequent to EA treatment combined with TEM. RESULTS EA in combination with TEM conspicuously reduced the viability of C6 glioma cells at all incubation times (P < 0.001). EA upregulated the expression of E-cadherin at the gene and protein levels in a time-independent manner (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). By the presence of TEM, the increase was exaggerated at 24-hour incubation (P < 0.01). Conversely, EA reduced N-cadherin expression and immunoreactivity in a time-independent manner (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively), and combination with TEM enhanced this effect at the 24th hour (P < 0.001). Combination also downregulated the gene expression (P < 0.001) and immunoreactivity of VEGF only at 72 hours (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A successful therapeutic efficacy of EA combined with TEM is suggested probably by inhibiting the cadherin switch and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Çetin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital of Health Science University, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Biltekin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty of Istanbul Atlas University, Bagcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Navone SE, Guarnaccia L, Cordiglieri C, Crisà FM, Caroli M, Locatelli M, Schisano L, Rampini P, Miozzo M, La Verde N, Riboni L, Campanella R, Marfia G. Aspirin Affects Tumor Angiogenesis and Sensitizes Human Glioblastoma Endothelial Cells to Temozolomide, Bevacizumab, and Sunitinib, Impairing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Related Signaling. World Neurosurg 2018; 120:e380-e391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Guarnaccia L, Navone SE, Trombetta E, Cordiglieri C, Cherubini A, Crisà FM, Rampini P, Miozzo M, Fontana L, Caroli M, Locatelli M, Riboni L, Campanella R, Marfia G. Angiogenesis in human brain tumors: screening of drug response through a patient-specific cell platform for personalized therapy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8748. [PMID: 29884885 PMCID: PMC5993734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common brain tumors, with diverse biological behaviour. Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and with the worst prognosis, is characterized by an intense and aberrant angiogenesis, which distinguishes it from low-grade gliomas (LGGs) and benign expansive lesions, as meningiomas (MNGs). With increasing evidence for the importance of vascularization in tumor biology, we focused on the isolation and characterization of endothelial cells (ECs) from primary GBMs, LGGs and MNGs. Gene expression analysis by Real-Time PCR, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis, tube-like structures formation and vascular permeability assays were performed. Our results showed a higher efficiency of ECs to form a complex vascular architecture, as well as a greater impairment of a brain blood barrier model, and an overexpression of pro-angiogenic mediators in GBM than in LGG and MNG. Furthermore, administration of temozolomide, bevacizumab, and sunitinib triggered a different proliferative, apoptotic and angiogenic response, in a dose and time-dependent manner. An increased resistance to temozolomide was observed in T98G cells co-cultured in GBM-EC conditioned media. Therefore, we developed a novel platform to reproduce tumor vascularization as “disease in a dish”, which allows us to perform screening of sensitivity/resistance to drugs, in order to optimize targeted approaches to GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guarnaccia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Elena Navone
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Trombetta
- Flow Cytometry Service, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordiglieri
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cherubini
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Crisà
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rampini
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCs Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fontana
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCs Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Caroli
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Riboni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marfia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Shan Y, Wang B, Zhang J. New strategies in achieving antiangiogenic effect: Multiplex inhibitors suppressing compensatory activations of RTKs. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1674-1705. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shan
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
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Li HY, Li M, Luo CC, Wang JQ, Zheng N. Lactoferrin Exerts Antitumor Effects by Inhibiting Angiogenesis in a HT29 Human Colon Tumor Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10464-10472. [PMID: 29112400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect and potential mechanisms of lactoferrin on colon cancer cells and tumors, HT29 and HCT8 cells were exposed to varying concentrations of lactoferrin, and the impacts on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were observed. Cell proliferation test showed that high dosage of lactoferrin (5-100 mg/mL) inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with the 50% concentration of inhibition at 81.3 ± 16.7 mg/mL and 101 ± 23.8 mg/mL for HT29 and HCT8 cells, respectively. Interestingly, migration and invasion of the cells were inhibited dramatically by 20 mg/mL lactoferrin, consistent with the significant down regulation of VEGFR2, VEGFA, pPI3K, pAkt, and pErk1/2 proteins. HT29 was chosen as the sensitive cell line to construct a tumor-bearing nude mice model. Notably, HT29 tumor weight was greatly reduced in both the lactoferrin group (26.5 ± 6.7 mg) and the lactoferrin/5-Fu group (14.5 ± 5.1 mg), compared with the control one (39.3 ± 6.5 mg), indicating that lactoferrin functioned as a tumor growth inhibitor. Considering lactoferrin also reduced the growth of blood vessels and the degree of malignancy, we concluded that HT29 tumors were effectively suppressed by lactoferrin, which might be achieved by regulation of phosphorylation from various kinases and activation of the VEGFR2-PI3K/Akt-Erk1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Chao Luo
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Catalpol suppressed proliferation, growth and invasion of CT26 colon cancer by inhibiting inflammation and tumor angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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