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Neves VCM, Satie Okajima L, Elbahtety E, Joseph S, Daly J, Menon A, Fan D, Volkyte A, Mainas G, Fung K, Dhami P, Pelegrine AA, Sharpe P, Nibali L, Ide M. Repurposing Metformin for periodontal disease management as a form of oral-systemic preventive medicine. J Transl Med 2023; 21:655. [PMID: 37814261 PMCID: PMC10563330 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the improvements in treatment over the last decades, periodontal disease (PD) affects millions of people around the world and the only treatment available is based on controlling microbial load. Diabetes is known to increase the risk of PD establishment and progression, and recently, glucose metabolism modulation by pharmaceutical or dietarian means has been emphasised as a significant modulator of non-communicable disease development. METHODS The impact of pharmaceutically controlling glucose metabolism in non-diabetic animals and humans (REBEC, UTN code: U1111-1276-1942) was investigated by repurposing Metformin, as a mean to manage periodontal disease and its associated systemic risk factors. RESULTS We found that glucose metabolism control via use of Metformin aimed at PD management resulted in significant prevention of bone loss during induced periodontal disease and age-related bone loss in vivo. Metformin also influenced the bacterial species present in the oral environment and impacted the metabolic epithelial and stromal responses to bacterial dysbiosis at a single cell level. Systemically, Metformin controlled blood glucose levels and age-related weight gain when used long-term. Translationally, our pilot randomized control trial indicated that systemic Metformin was safe to use in non-diabetic patients and affected the periodontal tissues. During the medication window, patients showed stable levels of systemic blood glucose, lower circulating hsCRP and lower insulin levels after periodontal treatment when compared to placebo. Finally, patients treated with Metformin had improved periodontal parameters when compared to placebo treated patients. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that systemic interventions using Metformin in non-diabetic individuals aimed at PD prevention have oral-systemic effects constituting a possible novel form of preventive medicine for oral-systemic disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor C M Neves
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK.
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Luciana Satie Okajima
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eyad Elbahtety
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Joseph
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Daly
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Athul Menon
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Di Fan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ayste Volkyte
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mainas
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kathy Fung
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pawan Dhami
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andre A Pelegrine
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Ide
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
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Yu H, Gu L, Du L, Dong Z, Li Z, Yu M, Yin Y, Wang Y, Yu L, Ma H. Identification and analysis of key hypoxia- and immune-related genes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Biol Res 2023; 56:45. [PMID: 37559135 PMCID: PMC10410988 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), an autosomal dominant genetic disease, is the main cause of sudden death in adolescents and athletes globally. Hypoxia and immune factors have been revealed to be related to the pathology of HCM. There is growing evidence of a role for hypoxia and inflammation as triggers and enhancers in the pathology in HCM. However, the role of hypoxia- and immune-related genes in HCM have not been reported. METHODS Firstly, we obtained four HCM-related datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for differential expression analysis. Immune cells significantly expressed in normal samples and HCM were then screened by a microenvironmental cell population counter (MCP-counter) algorithm. Next, hypoxia- and immune-related genes were screened by the LASSO + support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Single-gene enrichment analysis and expression validation of key genes were then performed. Finally, we constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of key genes. RESULTS In this study, 35 differentially expressed hypoxia genes were found. By using LASSO + SVM-RFE analysis, 10 more targets with differentially expressed hypoxia genes were identified. The MCP-count algorithm yielded five differentially expressed immune cells, and after assessing them for WGCNA characteristics, 612 immune genes were discovered. When hypoxia and immune genes were combined for cross-tabulation analysis, three hypoxia- and immune-related genes (ATP2A2, DDAH1, and OMA1) were identified. CONCLUSION Based on hypoxia characteristic genes, three key genes were identified. These were also significantly related to immune activation, which proves a theoretical basis and reference value for studying the relationship between HCM and hypoxia and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhen Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Lanxin Gu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Linfang Du
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Zhao Dong
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Mujun Yu
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yishi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Shen Y, Li D, Liang Q, Yang M, Pan Y, Li H. Cross-talk between cuproptosis and ferroptosis regulators defines the tumor microenvironment for the prediction of prognosis and therapies in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1029092. [PMID: 36733399 PMCID: PMC9887127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis, a newly identified form of programmed cell death, plays vital roles in tumorigenesis. However, the interconnectivity of cuproptosis and ferroptosis is poorly understood. In our study, we explored genomic alterations in 1162 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort to comprehensively evaluate the cuproptosis regulators. We systematically performed a pancancer genomic analysis by depicting the molecular correlations between the cuproptosis and ferroptosis regulators in 33 cancer types, indicating cross-talk between cuproptosis and ferroptosis regulators at the multiomic level. We successfully identified three distinct clusters based on cuproptosis and ferroptosis regulators, termed CuFeclusters, as well as the three distinct cuproptosis/ferroptosis gene subsets. The tumor microenvironment cell-infiltrating characteristics of three CuFeclusters were highly consistent with the three immune phenotypes of tumors. Furthermore, a CuFescore was constructed and validated to predict the cuproptosis/ferroptosis pathways in individuals and the response to chemotherapeutic drugs and immunotherapy. The CuFescore was significantly associated with the expression of miRNA and the regulation of post-transcription. Thus, our research established an applied scoring scheme, based on the regulators of cuproptosis/ferroptosis to identify LUAD patients who are candidates for immunotherapy and to predict patient sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefeng Shen
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiong Liang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Mengsi Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youguang Pan
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Youguang Pan, ; Hui Li,
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Youguang Pan, ; Hui Li,
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Potential Value of Circular RNA circTBC1D4 in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9019097. [PMID: 35655923 PMCID: PMC9155966 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9019097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To explore the expression of circular RNA (circRNA) in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are mainly distributed in the stomach and small intestine. Recently, it has been verified that circular RNA (circRNA) has an important function in the regulation of GIST. Nevertheless, detailed investigations of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in GIST are lacking. Objective To analyze the gastrointestinal stromal tumor circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, assessing the effect of circle RNA in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Method All the differential circRNAs and mRNAs were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray data (GSE131481 and GSE147303, GSE131481, and GSE13861). Furthermore, a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was established. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment were used to reveal the correlation between the functions of signaling pathways and target genes. The hub genes of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and cytoHubba were also defined. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of hsa-circ-0002917 (circTBC1D4), hsa-miR-590-5p (miR-590-5p), and PLN. Results PPI network and Cytoscape showed that ATP1A2, PLN, KCNMA1, and SCNN1B were four central DEGs. GO analysis results revealed that DEGs were involved in negative management of myocardial contraction, regulation of myocardial cell contraction, ethanol oxidation, cellular potassium ion homeostasis, and relaxation of cardiac muscle, and KEGG analysis showed that major DEGs were with cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Moreover, we obtained two pairs of axes, namely, hsa-circ-0039216/hsa-miR-338-3p/ATP1A2 and hsa-circ-0002917/hsa-miR-590-5p/PLN. The target of TBC1D4 is miR-590-5p, and miR-590-5p increased after knocking down TBC1D4. Moreover, PLN was the target of miR-590-5p, and miR-590-5p exerts antitumor effects by reducing PLN. Conclusions In this study, we constructed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA management network interrelated with GIST and researched the potential roles of circRNA. Moreover, we discovered a new molecular landmarker for the prediction, diagnosis, and therapy of patients.
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Feng YL, Ke T, Wang GL, Qi HY, Xiao Y. MicroRNA-200c-3p Negatively Regulates ATP2A2 and Promotes the Progression of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:1676-1694. [PMID: 35079913 PMCID: PMC8788908 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10184-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
microRNA-200c-3p (miR-200c-3p) has emerged as an important tumor growth regulator. However, its function in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is poorly understood. This study was conducted to investigate the role of miR-200c-3p in the progression of human PTC. The miR-200c-3p expression in human PTC tissues and cell lines was evaluated. The target relationship between miR-200c-3p and candidate genes was predicted through bioinformatic analysis and confirmed with a luciferase reporter assay. miRNA or gene expression was altered using transfection, and cell behavior was analyzed using CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell, and colony formation assays. The tumor-promoting effects of miR-200c-3p were evaluated by xenografting tumors with K1 cells in nude mice. The expression level of miR-200c-3p in human PTC tissues and cell lines markedly increased, and this increased expression was significantly associated with a worse overall survival. When inactivated, miR-200c-3p suppressed K1 cells’ malignant behaviors, including decreasing proliferation and attenuating colony formation, migration, and invasion. Its inactivation also attenuated the development of xenografted K1 cells in nude mice. The effects of miR-200c-3p mimics on promoting the malignant behaviors of PTC cells were remarkably reversed by the overexpression of ATP2A2, as a downstream target of miR-200c-3p. miR-200c-3p acts as an oncogenic gene and promotes the malignant biological behaviors of human PTC cells, thereby directly targeting ATP2A2. This regulated axis may be used as a potential therapy of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lai Feng
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang Middle Road, No. 160, Lianyungang, 222004, China
| | - Ting Ke
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xihuamen, Lianhu district, No. 2, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Gao-Lei Wang
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xihuamen, Lianhu district, No. 2, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Hai-Yan Qi
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xihuamen, Lianhu district, No. 2, Xi'an, 710003, China.
| | - Yang Xiao
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xihuamen, Lianhu district, No. 2, Xi'an, 710003, China.
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Altered SERCA Expression in Breast Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57101074. [PMID: 34684111 PMCID: PMC8539028 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is critical for the normal functioning of various cellular activities. However, abnormal changes in cellular Ca2+ can contribute to pathological conditions, including various types of cancer. The maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ levels is achieved through tightly regulated processes that help maintain Ca2+ homeostasis. Several types of regulatory proteins are involved in controlling intracellular Ca2+ levels, including the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) Ca2+ ATPase pump (SERCA), which maintains Ca2+ levels released from the SR/ER. In total, three ATPase SR/ER Ca2+-transporting (ATP2A) 1-3 genes exist, which encode for several isoforms whose expression profiles are tissue-specific. Recently, it has become clear that abnormal SERCA expression and activity are associated with various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Breast carcinomas represent 40% of all cancer types that affect women, with a wide variety of pathological and clinical conditions. Materials and methods: Using cBioPortal breast cancer patient data, Kaplan–Meier plots demonstrated that high ATP2A1 and ATP2A3 expression was associated with reduced patient survival. Results: The present study found significantly different SERCA specific-type expressions in a series of breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis indicated that ATP2A1 and ATP2A3 expression was highly altered in patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: Overall, the present data suggest that SERCA gene-specific expressioncan possibly be considered as a crucial target for the control of breast cancer development and progression.
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LINC00221 suppresses the malignancy of children acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222665. [PMID: 32297639 PMCID: PMC7199449 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most common malignant disease in childhood, children acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease caused by the accumulated genetic alterations. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are reported as critical regulators in diseases. GEPIA database indicated that long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 221 (LINC00221) was conspicuously down-regulated in acute myeloid leukemia. However, its expression pattern in ALL has not been revealed. This work was carried out to study the role of LINC00221 in ALL cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) quantified LINC00221 expression in ALL cells. The function of LINC00221 in ALL was determined by ki-67 immunofluorescence staining, EdU, TUNEL, JC-1, and caspase-3/8/9 activity assays. RNA pull down and Ago2-RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays investigated the interaction between miR-152-3p and LINC00221 or ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2 (ATP2A2). Our study revealed the low expression of LINC00221 in ALL cells. Subsequently, LINC00221 was verified to bind with miR-152-3p. Moreover, functional assays pointed out that LINC00221 overexpression posed anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis effects in ALL cells, and these effects could be separately reversed by miR-152-3p up-regulation. Afterward, LINC00221 was revealed to regulate ATP2A2 expression via sponging miR-152-3p. Additionally, ATP2A2 was verified to involve in regulating LINC00221-mediated ALL cell proliferation and apoptosis. In conclusion, LINC00221 suppressed ALL cell proliferation and boosted ALL cell apoptosis via sponging miR-152-3p to up-regulate ATP2A2.
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[Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)]: Alternative Strategies to Overcome Cisplatin-Induced Side Effects and Resistance in T98G Glioma Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:563-587. [PMID: 32430779 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents, used for the treatment of diverse tumors, including neuroblastoma and glioblastoma. CDDP induces cell death through different apoptotic pathways. Despite its clinical benefits, CDDP causes several side effects and drug resistance.[Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)], namely PtAcacDMS, a new platinum(II) complex containing two acetylacetonate (acac) and a dimethylsulphide (DMS) in the coordination sphere of metal, has been recently synthesized and showed 100 times higher cytotoxicity than CDDP. Additionally, PtAcacDMS was associated to a decreased neurotoxicity in developing rat central nervous system, also displaying great antitumor and antiangiogenic activity both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, based on the knowledge that several chemotherapeutics induce cancer cell death through an aberrant increase in [Ca2+]i, in the present in vitro study we compared CDDP and PtAcacDMS effects on apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in human glioblastoma T98G cells, applying a battery of complementary techniques, i.e., flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and epifluorescent Ca2+ imaging. The results confirmed that (i) platinum compounds may induce cell death through an aberrant increase in [Ca2+]i and (ii) PtAcacDMS exerted stronger cytotoxic effect than CDDP, associated to a larger increase in resting [Ca2+]i. These findings corroborate the use of PtAcacDMS as a promising approach to improve Pt-based chemotherapy against gliomas, either by inducing a chemosensitization or reducing chemoresistance in cell lineages resilient to CDDP treatment.
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Xu H, Whiteway M, Jiang L. The tricarboxylic acid cycle, cell wall integrity pathway, cytokinesis and intracellular pH homeostasis are involved in the sensitivity of Candida albicans cells to high levels of extracellular calcium. Genomics 2019; 111:1226-1230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lentiviral Vectors as Tools for the Study and Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030417. [PMID: 30909628 PMCID: PMC6468594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) has the worst prognosis among brain tumors, hence basic biology, preclinical, and clinical studies are necessary to design effective strategies to defeat this disease. Gene transfer vectors derived from the most-studied lentivirus-the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1-have wide application in dissecting GBM specific features to identify potential therapeutic targets. Last-generation lentiviruses (LV), highly improved in safety profile and gene transfer capacity, are also largely employed as delivery systems of therapeutic molecules to be employed in gene therapy (GT) approaches. LV were initially used in GT protocols aimed at the expression of suicide factors to induce GBM cell death. Subsequently, LV were adopted to either express small noncoding RNAs to affect different aspects of GBM biology or to overcome the resistance to both chemo- and radiotherapy that easily develop in this tumor after initial therapy. Newer frontiers include adoption of LV for engineering T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors recognizing specific GBM antigens, or for transducing specific cell types that, due to their biological properties, can function as carriers of therapeutic molecules to the cancer mass. Finally, LV allow the setting up of improved animal models crucial for the validation of GBM specific therapies.
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Yang X, Feng L, Zhang Y, Hu H, Shi Y, Liang S, Zhao T, Cao L, Duan J, Sun Z. Co-exposure of silica nanoparticles and methylmercury induced cardiac toxicity in vitro and in vivo. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:811-821. [PMID: 29727991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The released nanoparticles into environment can potentially interact with pre-existing pollution, maybe causing higher toxicity. As such, assessment of their joint toxic effects is necessary. This study was to investigate the co-exposure cardiac toxicity of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and methylmercury (MeHg). Factorial design was used to determine the potential joint action type. In vitro study, human cardiomyocytes (AC16) were exposed to SiNPs and MeHg alone or the combination. Higher toxicity was observed on cell viability, cell membrane damage in co-exposure compared with single exposure and control. The co-exposure enhanced the ROS, MDA generation and reduced the activity of SOD and GSH-Px. In addition, the co-exposure induced much higher cellular apoptotic rate in AC16. In vivo study, after SD rats exposed to SiNPs and MeHg and their mixture by intratracheal instillation for 30days, pathological changes (myocardial interstitial edema) of heart were occurred in co-exposure compared with single exposure and control. Moreover obvious ultra-structural changes, including myofibril disorder, myocardial gap expansion, and mitochondrial damage were observed in co-exposure group. The activity of myocardial enzymes, including CK-MB, ANP, BNP and cTnT, were significantly elevated in co-exposure group of rat serum. Meanwhile, the cardiac injury-linked proteins expression showed an increase in SERCA2 and decreased levels of cTnT, ANP and BNP in co-exposure group. Factorial design analysis demonstrated that additive and synergistic interactions were responsible for the co-exposure cardiac toxicity in vitro and vivo. In summary, our results showed severe cardiac toxicity induced by co-exposure of SiNPs and MeHg in both cardiomycytes and heart. It will help to clarify the potential cardiovascular toxicity in regards to combined exposure pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lige Cao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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