1
|
Moulder R, Bhosale SD, Viiri K, Lahesmaa R. Comparative proteomics analysis of the mouse mini-gut organoid: insights into markers of gluten challenge from celiac disease intestinal biopsies. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1446822. [PMID: 39263374 PMCID: PMC11387180 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1446822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Organoid models enable three-dimensional representation of cellular systems, providing flexible and accessible research tools, and can highlight key biomolecules. Such models of the intestinal epithelium can provide significant knowledge for the study of celiac disease and provide an additional context for the nature of markers observed from patient biopsy data. Methods Using LC-MS/MS, the proteomes of the crypt and enterocyte-like states of a mouse mini-gut organoid model were measured. The data were further compared with published biopsy data by comparing the changes induced by gluten challenge after a gluten-free diet. Results and discussion These analyses identified 4,850 protein groups and revealed how 400 putative biomarkers of dietary challenge were differentially expressed in the organoid model. In addition to the extensive changes within the differentiated cells, the data reiterated the disruption of the crypt-villus axis after gluten challenge. The mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD025690.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Moulder
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Santosh D Bhosale
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Keijo Viiri
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chae J, Choi J, Chung J. Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17683-17690. [PMID: 37897659 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is a transmembrane transporter of polymeric IgA through the intestinal epithelium. Its overexpression has been reported in several cancers, but its role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of oncogenesis is currently unclear. METHOD A literature search was conducted to summarize the functions of pIgR, its expression levels, and its clinical implications. RESULTS pIgR expression has previously been investigated by proteomic analysis, RNA sequencing, and tissue microarray at the level of both RNA and protein in various cancers including pancreatic, esophageal, gastric, lung, and liver. However, studies have reported inconsistent results on how pIgR levels affect clinical outcomes such as survival rate and chemotherapy resistance. Possible explanations include pIgR mRNA levels being minimally correlated with the rate of downstream pIgR protein synthesis, and the diversity of antibodies used in immunohistochemistry studies further magnifying this ambiguity. In ovarian cancer cells, the transcytosis of IgA accompanied a series of transcriptional changes in intracellular inflammatory pathways that inhibit the progression of cancer, including the upregulation of IFN-gamma and downregulation of tumor-promoting ephrins. These findings suggest that both the levels of pIgR and secreted IgA from tumor-infiltrating B cells affect clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Overall, no direct correlation was observed between the levels of pIgR inside tumor tissue and the clinical features in cancer patients. Measuring pIgR protein levels with a more specific and possibly chemically defined antibody, along with tumoral IgA, is a potential solution to better understand the pathways and consequences of pIgR overexpression in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Chae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinny Choi
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asanprakit W, Lobo DN, Eremin O, Bennett AJ. Expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) and the effect of PIGR overexpression on breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16606. [PMID: 37789066 PMCID: PMC10547702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) has a major role in mucosal immunity as a transporter of polymeric immunoglobulin across the epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PIGR on cellular behaviours and chemo-sensitivity of MCF7 and MDA-MB468 breast cancer cell lines. Basal levels of PIGR mRNA and protein expression in MCF7 and MDA-MB468 cells were evaluated by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. MCF7/PIGR and MDA-MB468/PIGR stable cell lines, overexpressing the PIGR gene, were generated using a lentiviral vector with tetracycline dependent induction of expression. Cell viability, cell proliferation and chemo-sensitivity of PIGR transfected cells were evaluated and compared with un-transfected cells to determine the effect of PIGR overexpression on cell phenotype. The levels of PIGR mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in MDA-MB468 cells than in MCF7 cells (380-fold, p < 0.0001). However, the differential expression of PIGR in these two cell lines did not lead to significant differences in chemosensitivity. Viral overexpression of PIGR was also not found to change any of the parameters measured in either cell line. PIGR per se did not affect cellular behaviours and chemosensitivity of these breast cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wichitra Asanprakit
- FRAME Alternatives Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dileep N Lobo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Oleg Eremin
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Andrew J Bennett
- FRAME Alternatives Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prasopdee S, Yingchutrakul Y, Krobthong S, Pholhelm M, Wongtrakoongate P, Butthongkomvong K, Kulsantiwong J, Phanaksri T, Kunjantarachot A, Sathavornmanee T, Tesana S, Thitapakorn V. Differential plasma proteomes of the patients with Opisthorchiasis viverrini and cholangiocarcinoma identify a polymeric immunoglobulin receptor as a potential biomarker. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10965. [PMID: 36247154 PMCID: PMC9562451 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Southeast Asian countries, nitrosamine compounds and the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini have long been identified as carcinogens for cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA). In order to effectively treat O. viverrini infections and prevent the development of CHCA, methods for disease detection are needed. This study aims to identify biomarkers for O. viverrini infection and CHCA. In the discovery phase, technical triplicates of five pooled plasma pools (10 plasma each) of healthy control subjects (noOVCCA), O. viverrini subjects (OV), and cholangiocarcinoma subjects (CCA), underwent solution-based digestion, with the label-free method, using a Thermo Scientific™ Q Exactive™ HF hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer and UltiMate 300 LC systems. The noOVCCA, OV, and CCA groups demonstrated different profiles and were clustered, as illustrated by PCA and heat map analysis. The STRING and reactome analysis showed that both OV and CCA groups up-regulated proteins targeting immune system-related proteins. Differential proteomic profiles, S100A9, and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) were specifically expressed in the CCA group. During the validation phase, another 50 plasma samples were validated via the PIGR sandwich ELISA. Using PIGR >1.559 ng/ml as a cut-off point, 78.00% sensitivity, 71.00% specificity, and AUC = 0.8216, were obtained. It is sufficient to differentially diagnose cholangiocarcinoma patients from healthy patients and those with Opisthorchiasis viverrini. Hence, in this study, PIGR was identified and validated as a potential biomarker for CHCA. Plasma PIGR is suggested for screening CHCA, especially in an endemic region of O. viverrini infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sattrachai Prasopdee
- Thammasat Research Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- Proteomics Research Team, National Omics Center, NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Montinee Pholhelm
- Thammasat Research Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Patompon Wongtrakoongate
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kritiya Butthongkomvong
- Medical Oncology Unit, Udonthani Cancer Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Udon Thani 41330, Thailand
| | | | - Teva Phanaksri
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Anthicha Kunjantarachot
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Smarn Tesana
- Thammasat Research Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Veerachai Thitapakorn
- Thammasat Research Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Underlying Roles of Exosome-Associated PIGR in Fatty Acid Metabolism and Immune Signaling in Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4675683. [PMID: 36157233 PMCID: PMC9499750 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4675683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), an exosome-associated glycoprotein, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of different tumors. This study aimed to investigate whether PIGR is essential for colorectal cancer (CRC). Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed that expression of PIGR was significantly decreased in CRC patients. Upregulated PIGR displayed favorable prognostic values in CRC patients. Several algorithms, such as TISIDB and TIMER, were used to evaluate the roles of PIGR expression in the regulation of immune response in CRC. Moreover, GSEA enrichment analysis indicated the underlying role of PIGR in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism in CRC. Taken together, our findings might provide a new potential prognostic and immune-associated biomarker for CRC and supply a new destination for PIGR-related immunotherapy in clinical treatment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tey SK, Wong SWK, Chan JYT, Mao X, Ng TH, Yeung CLS, Leung Z, Fung HL, Tang AHN, Wong DKH, Mak LY, Yuen MF, Sin CF, Ng IOL, Ma SKY, Lee TKW, Cao P, Zhong K, Gao Y, Yun JP, Yam JWP. Patient pIgR-enriched extracellular vesicles drive cancer stemness, tumorigenesis and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2022; 76:883-895. [PMID: 34922977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in connecting tumor cells with their local and distant microenvironments. Herein, we aimed to understand the role (on a molecular basis) patient-derived EVs play in modulating cancer stemness and tumorigenesis in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS EVs from patient sera were isolated, quantified and characterized. The EVs were vigorously tested, both in vitro and in vivo, through various functional assays. Proteomic analysis was performed to identify the functional components of EVs. The presence and level of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in circulating EVs and tumor and non-tumorous tissues of patients with HCC were determined by ELISA, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR. The functional role and underlying mechanism of EVs with enhanced pIgR expression were elucidated. Blockade of EV-pIgR with neutralizing antibody was performed in nude mice implanted with patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs). RESULTS Circulating EVs from patients with late-stage HCC (L-HCC) had significantly elevated pIgR expression compared to the EVs released by control individuals. The augmenting effect of L-HCC-EVs on cancer stemness and tumorigenesis was hindered by an anti-pIgR antibody. EVs enriched with pIgR consistently promoted cancer stemness and cancerous phenotypes in recipient cells. Mechanistically, EV-pIgR-induced cancer aggressiveness was abrogated by Akt and β-catenin inhibitors, confirming that the role of EV-pIgR depends on the activation of the PDK1/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling axis. Furthermore, an anti-pIgR neutralizing antibody attenuated tumor growth in mice implanted with PDTXs. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates a previously unknown role of EV-pIgR in regulating cancer stemness and aggressiveness: EV-pIgR activates PDK1/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling cascades. The blockade of the intercellular communication mediated by EV-pIgR in the tumor microenvironment may provide a new therapeutic strategy for patients with cancer. LAY SUMMARY The World Health Organization estimates that more than 1 million patients will die from liver cancer, mostly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in 2030. Understanding the underlying mechanism by which HCC acquires aggressive attributes is crucial to improving the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Herein, we demonstrated that nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles released by tumors promote cancer stemness and tumorigenesis. Within these oncogenic vesicles, we identified a key component that functions as a potent modulator of cancer aggressiveness. By inhibiting this functional component of EVs using a neutralizing antibody, tumor growth was profoundly attenuated in mice. This hints at a potentially effective therapeutic alternative for patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sze Keong Tey
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Wan Ki Wong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Janice Yuen Tung Chan
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tung Him Ng
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cherlie Lot Sum Yeung
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zoe Leung
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hui Ling Fung
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alexander Hin Ning Tang
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Danny Ka Ho Wong
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research (The University of Hong Kong), Hong Kong
| | - Lung-Yi Mak
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research (The University of Hong Kong), Hong Kong
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research (The University of Hong Kong), Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Fung Sin
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research (The University of Hong Kong), Hong Kong
| | - Stephanie Kwai Yee Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research (The University of Hong Kong), Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Terence Kin Wah Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Peihua Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kebo Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jing Ping Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research (The University of Hong Kong), Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mandal G, Biswas S, Anadon CM, Yu X, Gatenbee CD, Prabhakaran S, Payne KK, Chaurio RA, Martin A, Innamarato P, Moran C, Powers JJ, Harro CM, Mine JA, Sprenger KB, Rigolizzo KE, Wang X, Curiel TJ, Rodriguez PC, Anderson AR, Saglam O, Conejo-Garcia JR. IgA-dominated humoral immune responses govern patients' outcome in endometrial cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 82:859-871. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Yan D, Chen Y. Tumor mutation burden (TMB)-associated signature constructed to predict survival of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9020. [PMID: 33907270 PMCID: PMC8079676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88694-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a common type of lung cancer with high incidence and mortality rate. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is an emerging biomarker for selecting patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for immunotherapy. This study aimed to reveal TMB involved in the mechanisms of LUSC and develop a model to predict the overall survival of LUSC patients. The information of patients with LUSC were obtained from the cancer genome atlas database (TCGA). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between low- and the high-TMB groups were identified and taken as nodes for the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Gene oncology (GO) enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to investigate the potential molecular mechanism. Then, we identified the factors affecting the prognosis of LUSC through cox analysis, and developed a risk score signature. Kaplan-Meier method was conducted to analyze the difference in survival between the high- and low-risk groups. We constructed a nomogram based on the risk score model and clinical characteristics to predict the overall survival of patients with LUSC. Finally, the signature and nomogram were further validated by using the gene expression data downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. 30 DEGs between high- and low-TMB groups were identified. PPI analysis identified CD22, TLR10, PIGR and SELE as the hub genes. Cox analysis indicated that FAM107A, IGLL1, SELE and T stage were independent prognostic factors of LUSC. Low-risk scores group lived longer than that of patients with high-risk scores in LUSC. Finally, we built a nomogram that integrated the clinical characteristics (TMN stage, age, gender) with the three-gene signature to predict the survival probability of LUSC patients. Further verification in the GEO dataset. TMB might contribute to the pathogenesis of LUSC. TMB-associated genes can be used to develope a model to predict the OS of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yan
- Department of Respiratory, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 365, East Renmin Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wei H, Wang JY. Role of Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor in IgA and IgM Transcytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052284. [PMID: 33668983 PMCID: PMC7956327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcytosis of polymeric IgA and IgM from the basolateral surface to the apical side of the epithelium and subsequent secretion into mucosal fluids are mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). Secreted IgA and IgM have vital roles in mucosal immunity in response to pathogenic infections. Binding and recognition of polymeric IgA and IgM by pIgR require the joining chain (J chain), a small protein essential in the formation and stabilization of polymeric Ig structures. Recent studies have identified marginal zone B and B1 cell-specific protein (MZB1) as a novel regulator of polymeric IgA and IgM formation. MZB1 might facilitate IgA and IgM transcytosis by promoting the binding of J chain to Ig. In this review, we discuss the roles of pIgR in transcytosis of IgA and IgM, the roles of J chain in the formation of polymeric IgA and IgM and recognition by pIgR, and focus particularly on recent progress in understanding the roles of MZB1, a molecular chaperone protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(21)-54237957
| |
Collapse
|