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Nisar H, Sanchidrián González PM, Labonté FM, Schmitz C, Roggan MD, Kronenberg J, Konda B, Chevalier F, Hellweg CE. NF-κB in the Radiation Response of A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to X-rays and Carbon Ions under Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4495. [PMID: 38674080 PMCID: PMC11050661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular hypoxia, detectable in up to 80% of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) tumors, is a known cause of radioresistance. High linear energy transfer (LET) particle radiation might be effective in the treatment of hypoxic solid tumors, including NSCLC. Cellular hypoxia can activate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which can modulate radioresistance by influencing cancer cell survival. The effect of high-LET radiation on NF-κB activation in hypoxic NSCLC cells is unclear. Therefore, we compared the effect of low (X-rays)- and high (12C)-LET radiation on NF-κB responsive genes' upregulation, as well as its target cytokines' synthesis in normoxic and hypoxic A549 NSCLC cells. The cells were incubated under normoxia (20% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2) for 48 h, followed by irradiation with 8 Gy X-rays or 12C ions, maintaining the oxygen conditions until fixation or lysis. Regulation of NF-κB responsive genes was evaluated by mRNA sequencing. Secretion of NF-κB target cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, was quantified by ELISA. A greater fold change increase in expression of NF-κB target genes in A549 cells following exposure to 12C ions compared to X-rays was observed, regardless of oxygenation status. These genes regulate cell migration, cell cycle, and cell survival. A greater number of NF-κB target genes was activated under hypoxia, regardless of irradiation status. These genes regulate cell migration, survival, proliferation, and inflammation. X-ray exposure under hypoxia additionally upregulated NF-κB target genes modulating immunosurveillance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Increased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion under hypoxia confirmed NF-κB-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Therefore, radiotherapy, particularly with X-rays, may increase tumor invasiveness in surviving hypoxic A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Nisar
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Paulina Mercedes Sanchidrián González
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Frederik M. Labonté
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Claudia Schmitz
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Marie Denise Roggan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Kronenberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
- Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bikash Konda
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
| | - François Chevalier
- UMR6252 CIMAP, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-University of Caen Normandy, 14000 Caen, France;
| | - Christine E. Hellweg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (P.M.S.G.); (J.K.); (B.K.)
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Akrida I, Papadaki H. Adipokines and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2419-2433. [PMID: 36715963 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for cancer development. Within the tumor microenvironment, adipocytes interact with cancer cells, immune cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and orchestrate several signaling pathways by secreting bioactive molecules, including adipokines. Adipokines or adipocytokines are produced predominantly by adipocytes and function as autocrine, paracrine and endocrine mediators. Adipokines can exert pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, and they play a pivotal role in the state of chronic low-grade inflammation that characterizes obesity. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a complex biological process whereby epithelial cells acquire the invasive, migratory mesenchymal phenotype is well-known to be implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that there is a link between adipokines and EMT. This may contribute to the correlation that has been documented between obesity and cancer progression. This review summarizes the existing body of evidence supporting an association between the process of EMT in cancer and the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin/NAMPT, lipocalin-2/NGAL, as well as other newly discovered adipokines including chemerin, nesfatin-1/nucleobindin-2, AZGP1, SFRP5 and FABP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Akrida
- Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Patras, Rion, Greece.
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion, Greece.
- Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion, Greece.
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion, Greece
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Semerena E, Nencioni A, Masternak K. Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase: role in disease pathophysiology and as a biomarker. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1268756. [PMID: 37915565 PMCID: PMC10616597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1268756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) plays a central role in mammalian cell metabolism by contributing to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis. However, NAMPT activity is not limited to the intracellular compartment, as once secreted, the protein accomplishes diverse functions in the extracellular space. Extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT, also called visfatin or pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor) has been shown to possess adipocytokine, pro-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic activities. Numerous studies have reported the association between elevated levels of circulating eNAMPT and various inflammatory and metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, lung injury and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on eNAMPT biology, proposed roles in disease pathogenesis, and its potential as a disease biomarker. We also briefly discuss the emerging therapeutic approaches for eNAMPT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Semerena
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
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Roman V, Mihaila M, Radu N, Marineata S, Diaconu CC, Bostan M. Cell Culture Model Evolution and Its Impact on Improving Therapy Efficiency in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4996. [PMID: 37894363 PMCID: PMC10605536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimizing cell culture conditions is essential to ensure experimental reproducibility. To improve the accuracy of preclinical predictions about the response of tumor cells to different classes of drugs, researchers have used 2D or 3D cell cultures in vitro to mimic the cellular processes occurring in vivo. While 2D cell culture provides valuable information on how therapeutic agents act on tumor cells, it cannot quantify how the tumor microenvironment influences the response to therapy. This review presents the necessary strategies for transitioning from 2D to 3D cell cultures, which have facilitated the rapid evolution of bioengineering techniques, leading to the development of microfluidic technology, including organ-on-chip and tumor-on-chip devices. Additionally, the study aims to highlight the impact of the advent of 3D bioprinting and microfluidic technology and their implications for improving cancer treatment and approaching personalized therapy, especially for lung cancer. Furthermore, implementing microfluidic technology in cancer studies can generate a series of challenges and future perspectives that lead to the discovery of new predictive markers or targets for antitumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Roman
- Center of Immunology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (V.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Mirela Mihaila
- Center of Immunology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (V.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Nicoleta Radu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- Biotechnology Department, National Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry R&D of Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefania Marineata
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050471 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carmen Cristina Diaconu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marinela Bostan
- Center of Immunology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (V.R.); (M.B.)
- Department of Immunology, ‘Victor Babeș’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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Gandhi VV, Gandhi KA, Goda JS, Kumbhare LB, Gota V, Kunwar A. Post-radiation treatment of 3,3'-diselenodipropionic acid augments cell kill by modulating DNA repair and cell migration pathways in A549 cells. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:811-829. [PMID: 37072689 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to test whether ionizing radiation (IR) treatment along with 3,3'-diselenodipropionic acid (DSePA), a redox active organodiselenide achieved better tumor control by suppressing the growth and migration of lung cancer cells. The results indicated that post-IR (2 Gy) treatment of DSePA (5 μM) led to a significantly higher cell death as compared to that of DSePA and IR treatments separately. Importantly, combinatorial treatment also showed reduction in the proportion of cancer stem cells and the clonogenic survival of A549 cells. The mechanistic studies indicated that combinatorial treatment although exhibited reductive environment (marked by decrease in ROS and increase of GSH/GSSG) at early time points (2-6 h postradiation), slowed DNA repair, inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)/cell migration and induced significant level of apoptosis. DSePA mediated suppression of ATM/DNAPKs/p53 (DNA damage response signaling) and Akt/G-CSF (EMT) pathways appeared to be the major mechanism responsible for its radio-modulating activity. Finally, the combined treatment of IR (2 Gy × 4) and DSePA (0.1-0.25 mg/kg body weight daily through oral gavage) showed a significantly higher tumor suppression of the A549 xenograft as compared to that of DSePA and IR treatments separately in the mouse model. In conclusion, post-IR treatment of DSePA augmented cell kill by inhibiting DNA repair and cell migration in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa Vipulkumar Gandhi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Khushboo Atulkumar Gandhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayant Sastri Goda
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Vikram Gota
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit Kunwar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Rajput PK, Sharma JR, Yadav UCS. Cellular and molecular insights into the roles of visfatin in breast cancer cells plasticity programs. Life Sci 2022; 304:120706. [PMID: 35691376 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has reached a pandemic proportion and is responsible for the augmentation of multimorbidity including certain cancers. With the rise in obesity amongst the female population globally, a concomitant increase in breast cancer (BC) incidence and related mortality has been observed. In the present review, we have elucidated the cellular and molecular insight into the visfatin-mediated cellular plasticity programs such as Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), and stemness-associated changes in BC cells. EMT and EndoMT are responsible for inducing metastasis in cancer cells and conferring chemotherapy resistance, immune escape, and infinite growth potential. Visfatin, an obesity-associated adipokine implicated in metabolic syndrome, has emerged as a central player in BC pathogenesis. Several studies have indicated the presence of visfatin in the tumor microenvironment (TME) where it augments EMT and EndoMT of BC cells. Further, Visfatin also modulates the TME by acting on the tumor stroma cells such as adipocytes, infiltrated immune cells, and adipose-associated stem cells that secrete factors such as cytokines, and extracellular vesicles responsible for augmenting cellular plasticity program. Visfatin induced altered metabolism of the cancer cells and molecular determinants such as non-coding RNAs involved in EMT and EndoMT have been discussed. We have also highlighted specific therapeutic targets that can be exploited for the development of effective BC treatment. Taken together, these advanced understandings of cellular and molecular insight into the visfatin-mediated cellular plasticity programs may stimulate the development of better approaches for the prevention and therapy of BC, especially in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Rajput
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Jiten R Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Special Center for Molecular medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Lu Z, Fang Z, Guo Y, Liu X, Chen S. Cisplatin resistance of NSCLC cells involves upregulation of visfatin through activation of its transcription and stabilization of mRNA. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109705. [PMID: 34656559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide. Cisplatin (CDDP) has been used as a standard adjuvant therapy for advanced NSCLC patients, while chemoresistance is one of the most challenging problems to limit its clinical application. Our data showed that the expression of visfatin was significantly increased in CDDP resistant NSCLC cells as compared with that in their parental cells, while knockdown of visfatin or its neutralization antibody can restore the CDDP sensitivity of resistant NSCLC cells. The upregulation of visfatin in CDDP resistant NSCLC cells was due to the increased mRNA stability and promoter activity. Further, we found that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which was increased in chemoresistant cells, can increase the transcription of visfatin. While tristetraprolin (TTP), which can decease mRNA stability of visfatin, was decreased in chemoresistant cells. Inhibition of STAT3 or over expression of TTP can restore CDDP sensitivity of resistant NSCLC cells. Collectively, our data showed that STAT3 and TTP-regulated expression of visfatin was involved in CDDP resistance of NSCLC cells. It indicated that targeted inhibition of visfatin should be a potential approach to overcome CDDP resistance of NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, JiuJiang, 332000, China.
| | - Zheng Fang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, JiuJiang, 332000, China.
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, JiuJiang, 332000, China.
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, JiuJiang, 332000, China.
| | - Shengjia Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, JiuJiang, 332000, China.
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