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Makkena VK, Jaramillo AP, Awosusi BL, Ayyub J, Dabhi KN, Gohil NV, Tanveer N, Hussein S, Pingili S, Khan S. Probing the Relationship Between the Human Gut Microbiome and Prospects of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43892. [PMID: 37746426 PMCID: PMC10511825 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate neoplasia is one of the most commonly occurring neoplasias in males and has a high mortality rate. Prostate cancer (PCA) risk factors include tall stature, male sex, known family history, obesity, high blood pressure, lack of fitness, higher levels of testosterone for a long time, increasing age, and ethnicity are well known. The association and role of the gut microbiota in different diseases in our body have been highlighted recently. Therefore, finding the influence of gut microbiota on the prostatic cells can be useful for preventing prostatic neoplasia and/or reducing its severity. We aimed to assess its impact on PCA risk. We thoroughly searched databases for the relevant literature for our systematic review. The final research papers analyzed how bacteria played a role in the risk of PCA, either through inflammation or the production of metabolites that increase/decrease the risk of PCA. Based on the studies reviewed, we found that some gut bacteria play a role in the formation of PCA. In contrast, some bacteria can help prevent PCA, but the metabolism of the dietary components is the major factor for PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Krishna Makkena
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Department of Medicine, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Arturo P Jaramillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil, Machala, ECU
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Babatope L Awosusi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Javaria Ayyub
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Karan Nareshbha Dabhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Namra V Gohil
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, IND
| | - Nida Tanveer
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sally Hussein
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Shravya Pingili
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Department of Medicine, Kakatiya Medical College, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Safeera Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Pejčić T, Todorović Z, Đurašević S, Popović L. Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Cells Survival and Their Therapeutic Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032939. [PMID: 36769263 PMCID: PMC9917912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is today the second most common cancer in the world, with almost 400,000 deaths annually. Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of PCa, such as older age, genetic mutations, ethnicity, diet, or inflammation. Modern treatment of PCa involves radical surgical treatment or radiation therapy in the stages when the tumor is limited to the prostate. When metastases develop, the standard procedure is androgen deprivation therapy, which aims to reduce the level of circulating testosterone, which is achieved by surgical or medical castration. However, when the level of testosterone decreases to the castration level, the tumor cells adapt to the new conditions through different mechanisms, which enable their unhindered growth and survival, despite the therapy. New knowledge about the biology of the so-called of castration-resistant PCa and the way it adapts to therapy will enable the development of new drugs, whose goal is to prolong the survival of patients with this stage of the disease, which will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Pejčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-641281844
| | - Zoran Todorović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- University Medical Centre “Bežanijska kosa”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Siniša Đurašević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Popović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Medical Oncology Department, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Xu T, Schulga A, Konovalova E, Rinne SS, Zhang H, Vorontsova O, Orlova A, Deyev SM, Tolmachev V, Vorobyeva A. Feasibility of Co-Targeting HER3 and EpCAM Using Seribantumab and DARPin-Toxin Fusion in a Pancreatic Cancer Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032838. [PMID: 36769161 PMCID: PMC9917732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. A combination of targeted therapies could increase the therapeutic efficacy in tumors with heterogeneous target expression. Overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 3 (HER3) and the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in up to 40% and 30% of PCs, respectively, is associated with poor prognosis and highlights the relevance of these targets. Designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) Ec1 fused with the low immunogenic bacterial toxin LoPE provides specific and potent cytotoxicity against EpCAM-expressing cancer cells. Here, we investigated whether the co-targeting of HER3 using the monoclonal antibody seribantumab (MM-121) and of EpCAM using Ec1-LoPE would improve the therapeutic efficacy in comparison to the individual agents. Radiolabeled 99mTc(CO)3-Ec1-LoPE showed specific binding with rapid internalization in EpCAM-expressing PC cells. MM-121 did not interfere with the binding of Ec1-LoPE to EpCAM. Evaluation of cytotoxicity indicated synergism between Ec1-LoPE and MM-121 in vitro. An experimental therapy study using Ec1-LoPE and MM-121 in mice bearing EpCAM- and HER3-expressing BxPC3 xenografts demonstrated the feasibility of the therapy. Further development of the co-targeting approach using HER3 and EpCAM could therefore be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexey Schulga
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elena Konovalova
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Sara S. Rinne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Vorontsova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergey M. Deyev
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Bio-Nanophotonic Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University ‘MEPhI’, Moscow 115409, Russia
- Center of Biomedical Engineering, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Garousi J, Xu T, Liu Y, Vorontsova O, Hober S, Orlova A, Tolmachev V, Gräslund T, Vorobyeva A. Experimental HER2-Targeted Therapy Using ADAPT6-ABD-mcDM1 in Mice Bearing SKOV3 Ovarian Cancer Xenografts: Efficacy and Selection of Companion Imaging Counterpart. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081612. [PMID: 36015242 PMCID: PMC9415843 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast and gastric cancer is exploited for targeted therapy using monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates. Small engineered scaffold proteins, such as the albumin binding domain (ABD) derived affinity proteins (ADAPTs), are a promising new format of targeting probes for development of drug conjugates with well-defined structure and tunable pharmacokinetics. Radiolabeled ADAPT6 has shown excellent tumor-targeting properties in clinical trials. Recently, we developed a drug conjugate based on the HER2-targeting ADAPT6 fused to an albumin binding domain (ABD) for increased bioavailability and conjugated to DM1 for cytotoxic action, designated as ADAPT6-ABD-mcDM1. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of this conjugate in mice bearing HER2-expressing SKOV3 ovarian cancer xenografts. A secondary aim was to evaluate several formats of imaging probes for visualization of HER2 expression in tumors. Administration of ADAPT6-ABD-mcDM1 provided a significant delay of tumor growth and increased the median survival of the mice, in comparison with both a non-targeting homologous construct (ADAPTNeg-ABD-mcDM1) and the vehicle-treated groups, without inducing toxicity to liver or kidneys. Moreover, the evaluation of imaging probes showed that small scaffold proteins, such as 99mTc(CO)3-ADAPT6 or the affibody molecule 99mTc-ZHER2:41071, are well suited as diagnostic companions for potential stratification of patients for ADAPT6-ABD-mcDM1–based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Garousi
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (O.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (O.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Olga Vorontsova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (O.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (O.V.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (T.G.); Tel.: +46-70-425-07-82 (V.T.); +46-(0)8-790-96-27 (T.G.)
| | - Torbjörn Gräslund
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.G.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (T.G.); Tel.: +46-70-425-07-82 (V.T.); +46-(0)8-790-96-27 (T.G.)
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (O.V.); (A.V.)
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