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Santoro A, Bufo P, Russo G, Cagiano S, Papagerakis S, Bucci P, Aquino G, Longo F, Feola A, Giordano A, Di Carlo A, Di Domenico M, Pannone G. Expression and clinical implication of cyclooxygenase-2 and E-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Biol Ther 2020. [PMID: 26218314 PMCID: PMC7537792 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1071741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and angiogenesis are crucial events for development of aggressive and often fatal Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs). Both promote cancer progression and metastasis development, but while the former induces the loss of E-cadherin expression and, hence cadherin switching; the latter produces hematic blood vessel neo-formation and contribute to OSCC cell growth, tumor mass development, and dissemination. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has an important role, not only in angiogenic mechanisms, but also in favoring cancer invasion. Indeed it decreases the expression of E-cadherin and leads to phenotypic changes in epithelial cells (EMT) enhancing their carcinogenic potential. Our aim is to evaluate the interplay between E-cadherin cytoplasmic delocalization, COX-2 up-regulation and COX-2 induced neo-angiogenesis in 120 cases of OSCC. We have analyzed the distribution and the number of neo-formed endothelial buds surrounding infiltrating cells that express COX-2, as well as the neo-formed vessels in chronic inflammatory infiltrate, which surround the tumor. A double immunostaining method was employed in order to verify co-localization of endothelial cell marker (CD34) and COX-2. IHC has also been used to assess E-cadherin expression. Our data demonstrate that the OSCC cells, which lose membranous E-cadherin staining, acquiring a cytoplasmic delocalization, overexpress COX-2. Moreover, we find a new CD34+ vessel formation (sprouting angiogenesis). Only basaloid type of OSCC showes low level of COX-2 expression together with very low level of neo-angiogenesis and consequent tumor necrosis. The well-known anti-metastatic effect of certain COX-2 inhibitors suggests that these molecules might have clinical utility in the management of advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santoro
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, 'Giovanni Paolo II' Foundation-UCSC , Campobasso, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Bufo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Simona Cagiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Oncology, University of Michigan, Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paolo Bucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologies Science, University of Naples 'Federico II' , Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, National Cancer Institute 'G. Pascale Foundation' , Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute 'G. Pascale Foundation' , Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples , Naples, Italy.,Department of Biochemistry, Biophisic and General Pathology Second University of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena , Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angelina Di Carlo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophisic and General Pathology Second University of Naples , Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
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Lee J, Nho YH, Yun SK, Hwang YS. Anti-invasive and Anti-tumor Effects of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Extract by Disturbing Actin Polymerization. Integr Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1534735419851197. [PMID: 31109222 PMCID: PMC6537295 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419851197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. To evaluate the anti-invasive effect of ethanol extracts of
rhizome of Dryopteris crassirhizoma (EEDC) in matrix invasion
and formation of functional invadopodia and to determine the anti-tumor effect
of EEDC in a mouse model of mandibular invasion by gingival squamous cell
carcinoma (SCC). Methods. The rhizome of D
crassirhizoma was extracted in ethanol. The anti-invasive effect of
EEDC was analyzed with a Matrigel-coated transwell invasion and 3D culture
system. Crucial factors related to the control of cancer cell invasion by EEDC
were determined using a human protease array. Molecular evidence supporting the
anti-invasive effect of EEDC in oral SCC (OSCC) cells used an
invadopodia-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation; an in vivo athymic
mouse model was also provided. Results. EEDC treatment (10
µg/mL) suppressed transwell migration and invasion of HSC-3 OSCC cells without
cytotoxicity. Decreased levels of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-7, kalikrein 10,
cathepsin V, MMP-2, and cathepsin D were also found in EEDC-treated HSC-3 cells
based on human protease array. The anti-invasive effects of EEDC involved the
suppression of invadopodia-mediated ECM degradation via inhibition of
globular-actin elongation. The anti-invasive effect resulting from disturbance
of functional invadopodia formation by EEDC was observed even at a low
concentration of 5 µg/mL. The phosphorylation of cortactin involved in
functional invadopodia formation was decreased at EEDC concentrations that
inhibited invadopodia formation. The anti-tumor effect of EEDC was also observed
in a mouse xenograft model. Administration of EEDC resulted in inhibition of
tumor growth and progression. Conclusions. EEDC represents a
potential anti-invasive and anti-tumor agent in cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsung Lee
- 1 Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan Gu, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea
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Fujii R, Imanishi Y, Shibata K, Sakai N, Sakamoto K, Shigetomi S, Habu N, Otsuka K, Sato Y, Watanabe Y, Ozawa H, Tomita T, Kameyama K, Fujii M, Ogawa K. Restoration of E-cadherin expression by selective Cox-2 inhibition and the clinical relevance of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:40. [PMID: 24887090 PMCID: PMC4030015 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by the downregulation of E-cadherin has been thought to promote metastasis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is presumed to contribute to cancer progression through its multifaceted function, and recently its inverse relationship with E-cadherin was suggested. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether selective Cox-2 inhibitors restore the expression of E-cadherin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells, and to examine the possible correlations of the expression levels of EMT-related molecules with clinicopathological factors in HNSCC. METHODS We used quantitative real-time PCR to examine the effects of three selective Cox-2 inhibitors, i.e., celecoxib, NS-398, and SC-791 on the gene expressions of E-cadherin (CDH-1) and its transcriptional repressors (SIP1, Snail, Twist) in the human HNSCC cell lines HSC-2 and HSC-4. To evaluate the changes in E-cadherin expression on the cell surface, we used a flowcytometer and immunofluorescent staining in addition to Western blotting. We evaluated and statistically analyzed the clinicopathological factors and mRNA expressions of Cox-2, CDH-1 and its repressors in surgical specimens of 40 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). RESULTS The selective Cox-2 inhibitors upregulated the E-cadherin expression on the cell surface of the HNSCC cells through the downregulation of its transcriptional repressors. The extent of this effect depended on the baseline expression levels of both E-cadherin and Cox-2 in each cell line. A univariate analysis showed that higher Cox-2 mRNA expression (p = 0.037), lower CDH-1 mRNA expression (p = 0.020), and advanced T-classification (p = 0.036) were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in TSCC. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that lower CDH-1 mRNA expression was the independent risk factor affecting lymph node metastasis (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the appropriately selective administration of certain Cox-2 inhibitors may have an anti-metastatic effect through suppression of the EMT by restoring E-cadherin expression. In addition, the downregulation of CDH-1 resulting from the EMT may be closely involved in lymph node metastasis in TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yorihisa Imanishi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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