Brazilian Trichoptera Checklist II

Catalog of the Hydroptilidae (Insecta, Trichoptera)

The microcaddisfly (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) fauna is catalogued from a review of more than 1,300 literature citations through the end of 2020 to include 2,665 currently recognized, valid species in six subfamilies and 76 genera. Fourteen subspecies are included in the total as well as 23 fossil species and three fossil genera. The family Ptilocolepidae (Trichoptera), also covered in this catalogue, comprises 19 valid species in two genera; two subspecies and two fossil species are included in the total. The monotypic genus Eutonella, currently considered incertae sedis within Trichoptera, was formerly placed in Hydroptilidae and is also included in this catalogue. Genus-group and species-group synonyms are listed. Information on the type locality, type depository, sex of type, distribution by country, and other relevant taxonomic or biological information is included for each nominal species. Summary information on taxonomy, phylogeny, distribution, immature stages, and biology are provided for each subfamily, tribe, and genus where known. An index to all nominal taxa is provided to facilitate catalog use.

The Trichoptera of Panama. XIX. Additions to and a review of the genus Leucotrichia (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Panama

Prior to 2016, three species of caddisflies in the genus Leucotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) were known from Panama. Subsequently, one new species and four new country records were added to Panama's fauna. Herein, four new species are described (Leucotrichiacortadera sp. nov., L.holzenthali sp. nov., L.luma sp. nov., L.ruiteri sp. nov.) and two new country records added for Panama (L.botosaneanui Flint, 1996, L.hispida Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015). The resulting total of 14 species makes Panama the most species-rich country for this genus. Panama's species assemblage is most similar to Costa Rica and Mexico. However, the similarities among faunas in all these countries is very low (< 35%). Thus, more new country records are possible with additional collecting. Recent collections (2015-2021) of new caddisfly species and country records in this genus were effected primarily by use of Malaise traps. Our collections also evidenced multiple species from the same collecting site, with seven species each found in both lowland and mid-altitude sites. Investigation of the distribution of Leucotrichia species with altitude reveals a preference by several species for higher altitude locations. Additional Malaise trap collections over extended time periods are needed to verify the validity of all observations and preliminary conclusions made to date.

Review and redescription of species in the brasiliana group of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae, Smicrideinae): exploration of the utility of geometric morphometrics as a method for delimitation and characterization of species in the genus

The Smicrideabrasiliana species group includes five species distributed in northeastern Argentina and Brazil: Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) brasiliana (Ulmer), S. (R.) weidneri Flint, S. (R.) vermiculata Flint, S. (R.) arobasis Flint, and S. (R.) nanda Flint. The original descriptions of these species and their placement in the brasiliana species group were mainly based on the morphology of the male genitalia. However, the fine structure of the internal sclerites of the phallus, which proved to be useful for species delimitation, was not analyzed at the time. In this contribution, we provide a detailed description of the male genitalia and the morphology of the head, and analyze the shape of the wings using geometric morphometrics. The analyzed species can be easily differentiated by the shape of the phallus, especially by the structure of the internal sclerites, the shape of the head in dorsal view, and the shape of the cephalic setose warts. Furthermore, the geometric morphometric approach allowed their separation through the wing shape. The preliminary analysis of these features suggests that the brasiliana species group is not natural but its monophyly should be further tested within the framework of a phylogenetic analysis of all the species of the subgenus Rhyacophylax.

On the Identity of Smicridea (Smicridea) aequalis Banks, 1920 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae): Morphology of Adults and Immature Stages, Bionomics, Distribution, and Male Color Dimorphism

After 100 years of its description, the morphological circumscription of Smicridea aequalis Banks, 1920 is provided in this study by the integration of morphological characters of adult, pupal, and larval stages. This fact facilitates its recognition in faunal inventory studies and allows its use in biomonitoring programs, mainly in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, two biodiversity hotspots where this species is widely distributed. Adults of S. aequalis may have diurnal activity as they are found frequently and abundantly on the riparian vegetation of fast-flowing streams and rivers during the day. The remarkable color dimorphism observed in males of this species was not reported previously for caddisflies.

Taxonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna: order Trichoptera (Insecta), diversity and distribution

Caddisflies are a highly diverse group of aquatic insects, particularly in the Neotropical region where there is a high number of endemic taxa. Based on taxonomic contributions published until August 2019, a total of 796 caddisfly species have been recorded from Brazil. Taxonomic data about Brazilian caddisflies are currently open access at the “Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil” website (CTFB), an on-line database with taxonomic information on the animal species occurring in Brazil. The order Trichoptera at CTFB includes a catalog of species recorded for the country, with synonymic lists, distribution throughout six biomes, 12 hydrographic regions, and 27 political states (including Federal District) from Brazil. The database is constantly updated to include newly published data. In this study, we reviewed the taxonomic effort on Brazilian caddisflies based on data currently in CTFB database. The accumulation curve of species described or recorded from the country, by year, shows a strong upward trend in last 25 years, indicating that it is possible that there are many more species to be described. Based on presence/absence of caddisfly species at three geographic levels (biomes, hydrographic regions, and states), second order Jackknife estimated at least 1,586 species occurring in Brazil (with hydrographic regions as unities), indicating we currently know about 50% of the Brazilian caddisfly fauna. Species distribution by Brazilian biomes reveals that the Atlantic Forest is the most diverse, with 490 species (298 endemic), followed by the Amazon Forest, with 255 species (101 endemic). Even though these numbers may be biased because there has been more intense collecting in these two biomes, the percentage of endemic caddisfly species in the Atlantic Forest is remarkable. Considering the distribution throughout hydrographic regions, clustering analyses (UPGMA) based on incidence data reveals two groups: northwestern basins and southeastern. Although these groups have weak bootstrap support and low similarity in species composition, this division of Brazilian caddisfly fauna could be related to Amazon-Atlantic Forest disjunction, with the South American dry diagonal acting as a potential barrier throughout evolutionary time.

New Species, New Records, and Distribution of Smicridea Mclachlan 1871 in Bolivia (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)

During various studies of freshwater quality, twenty-four species of Smicridea were collected in Bolivia. This brings to thirty-one the number of Smicridea species present in this country. Four belong to the subgenus Smicridea Mclachlan J Linnean Soc London Zool 11: 98-141, 1871, which is recorded for the first time for the country. Additionally, 16 species in the subgenus Rhyacophylax Müller Zool Anzeiger 2: 38-40, 1879, are also registered for the first time. Three species are new and described from males: Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) molinai sp. nov., Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) ruedamartinae sp. nov., and Smicridea (Smicridea) moyai sp. nov.

New species of Plectromacronema Ulmer 1906 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from Brazil, with association of immature stages and aspects of its biology

Plectromacronema Ulmer 1906 is a Neotropical genus recorded sparsely from South of Mexico to the North of Argentina. The genus is placed within the Macronematinae sub-family, members of which are relatively large among the Trichoptera and bears conspicuous wing ornamentations. There are only two species recorded for Brazil, Plectromacronema comptum Ulmer 1906 and Plectromacronema subfuscum (Banks 1920). Plectromacronema lisae Flint 1983 recorded for Mexico and Costa Rica is the only species in the genus with immature stages described. Immature stages species level identification is required for water quality biomonitoring and most of the Trichoptera taxonomy is based only on adult male genitalia. In this paper, we propose a new species, Plectromacronema solaris sp.nov., larva, pupa, and adult. Aspects of the life history of the new species are also discussed. This record also represents a new genus record for the state of Minas Gerais, extending the knowledge on the diversity, distribution, biogeography, and biology of this remarkable genus.

New Cernotina caddisflies from the Ecuadorian Amazon (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae)

Two new species of the caddisfly genus CernotinaRoss, 1938 (Polycentropodidae) are described from the lowland Amazon basin of Ecuador, Cernotina tiputini, new species, and Cernotina waorani, new species. These represent the first new species described from this region. We also record from Ecuador for the first time Cernotina hastilis Flint, previously known from Tobago, and present new Ecuadorian locality records for C. cygnea Flint, and C. lobisomem Santos & Nessimian. The homology of the intermediate appendage of the male genitalia of this genus is established. The region surveyed is under severe environmental threat from logging, mining, and crude oil extraction, making the description of the biodiversity of the region imperative.

Type material of Platyhelminthes housed in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/ FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1979 to 2016 (Rhabditophora, Trematoda and Cestoda)

The second part of the catalogue of type material deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/ FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), between 1979 and 2016, is presented, to complement the first list of all types that was published in 1979. This part includes Platyhelminthes other than monogenoids, which were covered in the first part published in September 2016. The present catalogue comprises type material for 104 species, distributed across three classes, 40 families and 75 genera. Species names are listed systematically, followed by type host, infection site, type locality and specimens with their collection numbers and references. The classification and the nomenclature of the species have been updated.

Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (Caddisflies)

The Neotropical caddisfly (Trichoptera) fauna is cataloged from a review of over 1,000 literature citations through 2015 (partial 2016) to include 3,262 currently recognized, valid species-group names in 25 families and 155 extant genera. Fourteen subspecies are included in the total as well as 35 fossil species and 1 fossil genus. The region covered includes all of Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. Genus-group and species-group synonyms are listed. For each nominal species, information on the type locality, type depository, sex of type, distribution by country, and other pertinent taxonomic or biological information is included. Summary information on taxonomy, phylogeny, distribution, immature stages, and biology are provided for each family and genus where known. An extensive index to all nominal taxa is included to facilitate use of the catalog. The glossosomatid species Mexitrichia usseglioi Rueda Martín & Gibon, is transferred to Mortoniellacomb. n.

Checklist of Caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

ABSTRACT Trichoptera presents about 15,000 species described globally, of which 2,562 are recorded in the Neotropics and 642 in Brazil, distributed in 70 genera and 16 families. In Brazil, knowledge of the distribution and species richness of Trichoptera is incipient and heterogeneous, especially in some states such as Mato Grosso do Sul. In this work, we present an updated checklist of caddisflies for Mato Grosso do Sul state, representing nine families, 24 genera, and 16 species, four of them are new species records. Additionally, a new record of species for the Brazilian country is presented.

A Review of the Genus Oecetis (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in the Northeastern Region of Brazil with the Description of 5 New Species

Within Leptoceridae, the genus Oecetis contains about 500 species around the world, including 53 in the Neotropics. In Brazil, there are 15 recorded species of Oecetis. These species were described over several decades by numerous authors with the results that descriptions are not comparable and diagnoses are incomplete. Also, the apparently unbranched M vein, in the forewing, a diagnostic character for Oecetis pointed by McLachlan, is controversial and no consensus has been reached about its homology. Additionally, the only revision for the genus was never published; thus the information and proposed taxa are not available according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. We analyzed specimens collected in the Brazilian Northeast Region and compared these with described species and literature descriptions and Oecetis from other regions. We provide herein the description of five new species, additional characters for diagnosing seven of the species recorded from Brazil, new distributional records, and a dichotomous key to the Brazilian species. Additionally, we contrast the two hypotheses of forewing M vein homology and support the unbranched hypothesis. In this way, we improve the knowledge of the genus in the Neotropics, making the species descriptions comparable in a way that facilitates species identification.