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Means JC, Hennen DA, Marek PE. A revision of the minor species group in the millipede genus Nannaria Chamberlin, 1918 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). Zookeys 2021; 1030:1-180. [PMID: 33958904 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1030.62544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae (Polydesmida) are often referred to as "colorful, flat-backed millipedes" for their bright aposematic coloration and tendency to form Müllerian mimicry rings in the Appalachian region. However, there are many species of Xystodesmidae that do not display colorful warning patterns, and instead have more cryptic appearances. Perhaps for this reason, groups such as the genus Nannaria have remained understudied, despite containing a large number of undescribed species. Before his death in 2012, R. L. Hoffman worked on a revision of the genus Nannaria, and synthesized material and drawings since 1949. Here the work is continued, inferring a molecular phylogeny of the Nannariini (Nannaria + Oenomaea pulchella), and revealing two clades within the genus. One clade is named the minor species group, and the second is the wilsoni species group. This revision, using a molecular phylogenetic framework, is the basis for descriptions of 35 new species in the minor species group. A multi-gene molecular phylogeny is used to make taxonomic changes in the taxon. Eleven putative species of Nannaria are also illustrated and discussed. Additionally, detailed collection, natural history and habitat notes, distribution maps, and a key to species of the Nannaria minor species group are provided. These items are synthesized as a basis for a revision of the genus, which hopefully will aid conservation and evolutionary investigations of this cryptic and understudied group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson C Means
- Virginia Tech, Department of Entomology, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA Virginia Tech Blacksburg United States of America
| | - Derek A Hennen
- Virginia Tech, Department of Entomology, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA Virginia Tech Blacksburg United States of America
| | - Paul E Marek
- Virginia Tech, Department of Entomology, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA Virginia Tech Blacksburg United States of America
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Hamilton FB, Wiedenmann RN, Skvarla MJ, Sathyamurthy R, Fisher DM, Fisher JR, Dowling AP. Litter-dwelling Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Ground Spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) of the Ozark Highlands, USA. SOUTHEAST NAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1656/058.017.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J. Skvarla
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Raghu Sathyamurthy
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, and USDA-ARS Australian Biological Control Laboratory, PO Box 2583, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4001
| | - Danielle M. Fisher
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Jon Ray Fisher
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
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Fisher JR, Fisher DM, Skvarla MJ, Nelson WA, Dowling AP. Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species. Zookeys 2017; 701:1-496. [PMID: 29118596 PMCID: PMC5674090 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.701.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The descriptive biology of torrent mites (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae: Torrenticola) of North America (north of Mexico) is investigated using integrative methods. Material examined includes approximately 2,300 specimens from nearly 500 localities across the United States and Canada, and a few collections in Mexico and Central America. Species hypotheses are derived from a phylogenetic analysis of the barcoding region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) for 476 specimens and supported with morphology and biogeography. Relationships between species are examined with a combined analysis of COI and two expansion regions (D2-3) of the large ribosomal subunit (28S rDNA) for 57 specimens. All previously described species from the US and Canada are examined. Our results indicate the need to synonymize four species: T. mercedensis (Marshall, 1943) is a junior synonym of T. sierrensis (Marshall, 1943); T. rectiforma Habeeb, 1974 is a junior synonym of T. ellipsoidalis (Marshall, 1943); T. neoconnexa Habeeb, 1957 is a junior synonym of T. magnexa Habeeb, 1955; and T. esbelta Cramer, 1992 is a junior synonym of T. boettgeri KO Viets, 1977. We describe 66 new species and re-describe all previously described regional species. Our findings indicate that total diversity of Torrenticola in the United States and Canada comprises 90 species, 57 known from the east and 33 from the west. We organize these species into four species complexes that include 13 identification groups. An additional 13 species do not fit within an identification group. The southern Appalachians are suspected to contain the highest concentration of remaining undescribed diversity. A key is provided to all known species in the US and Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ray Fisher
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Danielle M. Fisher
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Michael J. Skvarla
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Whitney A. Nelson
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ashley P.G. Dowling
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Anzaldo SS. Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Zookeys 2017; 683:51-138. [PMID: 28769729 PMCID: PMC5523356 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.683.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The thirty-nine extant genera of Conoderinae known to occur in North America, Central America, and the Caribbean are reviewed based on external morphology. An identification key is provided along with diagnoses, distributions, species counts, and natural history information, when known, for each genus. Morphological character systems of importance for weevil classification are surveyed, potential relationships among the tribes and genera are discussed, and groups most in need of taxonomic and phylogenetic attention are identified. The following genera are transferred to new tribes: Acoptus LeConte, 1876 from the Lechriopini to the Othippiini (new placement) and the South American genus Hedycera Pascoe, 1870 from the Lechriopini to the Piazurini (new placement). Philides Champion, 1906 and Philinna Champion, 1906 are transferred from the Lechriopini to Conoderinae incertae sedis(new placement) although their placement as conoderines is uncertain. The species Copturomimus cinereus Heller, 1895 is designated as the type species of the genus Copturomimus Heller, 1895.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore S. Anzaldo
- School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA
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Skvarla MJ, Dowling APG. A comparison of trapping techniques (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Curculionoidea excluding Scolytinae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2017; 17:7. [PMID: 28042105 PMCID: PMC5270409 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Beetles (Coleoptera) are a charismatic group of insects targeted by collectors and often used in biodiversity surveys. As part of a larger project, we surveyed a small (4 hectare) plot in the Boston Mountains of Arkansas using 70 traps of 12 trap types and Berlese-Tullgren extraction of leaf litter and identified all Buprestidae, Carabidae, Cerambycidae, and Curculionoidea (Anthribidae, Attelabidae, Brachyceridae, Brentidae, and Curculionidae excluding Scolytinae) to species. This resulted in the collection of 7,973 specimens representing 242 species arranged in 8 families. In a previous publication, we reported new state records and the number of specimens collected per species. In this publication, we used these data to determine the most effective collection method for four beetle groups: Carabidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionoidea (excluding Scolytinae), and Buprestidae. We found that the combination of pitfall and Malaise traps was most effective for Carabidae, Cerambycidae, and Curculionoidea, but that the combination of Malaise and green Lindgren funnel traps was most effective at collecting Buprestidae. Species accumulation curves did not become asymptotic and extrapolated rarefaction curves did not become asymptotic until 350-1,000 samples, suggesting that much more effort is required to completely inventory even a small site. Additionally, seasonal activity is presented for each species and the similarity and overlap between collecting dates and seasons is discussed for each family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Skvarla
- Department of Entomology, 319 Agriculture Bldg., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA (; )
| | - Ashley P G Dowling
- Department of Entomology, 319 Agriculture Bldg., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA (; )
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Skvarla MJ, Barnes JK, Fisher DM, Dowling APG. Terrestrial arthropods of Steel Creek, Buffalo National River, Arkansas. IV. Asilidae and other Diptera. Biodivers Data J 2016; 4:e9977. [PMID: 27660536 PMCID: PMC5018109 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.4.e9977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the fourth in a series of papers detailing the terrestrial arthropods collected during an intensive survey of a site near Steel Creek campground along the Buffalo National River in Arkansas. The survey was conducted over a period of eight and a half months in 2013 using twelve trap types, including Malaise and canopy traps, Lindgren multifunnel traps, and pan traps. NEW INFORMATION We provide collection records for 38 species of Asilidae and other Diptera, 7 of which are new state records for Arkansas: (Asilidae) Lasiopogon opaculus Loew, 1874; (Lygistorrhinidae) Lygistorrhina sancthecatharinae Thompson, 1975; (Stratiomyidae) Cephalochrysa nigricornis (Loew, 1866), Gowdeyana punctifera (Malloch, 1915), Sargus decorus Say, 1824; (Ulidiidae) Callopistromyia annulipes Macquart, 1855; and (Xylophagidae) Rachicerus obscuripennis Loew, 1863.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Joseph Skvarla
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey K. Barnes
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Danielle M. Fisher
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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Skvarla MJ, Fisher DM, Dowling APG. Arthropods of Steel Creek, Buffalo National River, Arkansas. III. Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera). Biodivers Data J 2016:e7607. [PMID: 27346950 PMCID: PMC4910501 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.4.e7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This is the third in a series of papers detailing the terrestrial arthropods collected during an intensive survey of a site near Steel Creek campground along the Buffalo National River in Arkansas. The survey was conducted over a period of eight and a half months using twelve trap types – Malaise traps, canopy traps (upper and lower collector), Lindgren multifunnel traps (black, green, and purple), pan traps (blue, purple, red, white, and yellow), and pitfall traps – and Berlese-Tullgren extraction of leaf litter. New information We provide collection records for 54 species of Heteroptera, 11 of which were new state records for Arkansas: (Aradidae) Aradusapproximatus, Aradusduzeei, Aradusornatus, Neuroctenuselongatus, Neuroctenuspseudonymus, Notapictinusaurivilli; (Cydnidae) Sehiruscinctus; (Lygaeidae) Nysiusraphanus; (Miridae) Prepopsinsitivus; (Reduviidae) Zelustetracanthus; (Rhyparochromidae) Kolenetrusplenus.
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Skvarla MJ, Smith DR, Fisher DM, Dowling APG. Terrestrial arthropods of Steel Creek, Buffalo National River, Arkansas. II. Sawflies (Insecta: Hymenoptera: "Symphyta"). Biodivers Data J 2016:e8830. [PMID: 27222635 PMCID: PMC4867044 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.4.e8830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This is the second in a series of papers detailing the terrestrial arthropods collected during an intensive survey of a site near Steel Creek campground along the Buffalo National River in Arkansas. The survey was conducted over a period of eight and a half months using twelve trap types – Malaise traps, canopy traps (upper and lower collector), Lindgren multifunnel traps (black, green, and purple), pan traps (blue, purple, red, white, and yellow), and pitfall traps – and Berlese-Tullgren extraction of leaf litter. New information We provide collection records for 47 species of "Symphyta" (Insecta: Hymenoptera), 30 of which are new state records for Arkansas: (Argidae) Sterictiphoraserotina; (Cimbicidae) Abiaamericana; (Diprionidae) Monoctenusfulvus; (Orussidae) Orussusterminalis; (Pamphiliidae) Onycholydaluteicornis, Pamphiliusocreatus, P.persicum, P.rileyi; (Pergidae) Acorduleceradorsalis, A.mellina, A.pellucida; (Tenthredinidae) Caliroaquercuscoccineae, Empriacoryli, Hoplocampamarlatti, Macrophyacassandra, Monophadnoidesconspiculatus, Monophadnusbakeri, Nematusabbotii, Neopareophoralitura, Pachynematuscorniger, Paracharactusrudis, Periclistamarginicollis, Pristiphorabanski, P.chlorea, Strongylogasterimpressata, S.remota, Taxonusepicera, Thrinaxalbidopictus, T.multicinctus, Zaschizonyxmontana; (Xiphydriidae) Xiphydriatibialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Joseph Skvarla
- University of Maryland, University Park, Maryland, United States of America; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - David R Smith
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Danielle M Fisher
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Ashley P G Dowling
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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