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Palandačić A, Diripasko OA, Kirchner S, Stefanov T, Bogutskaya NG. An integrative approach highlights the discrepancy in the genetic, phenotypic, and presumptive taxonomic structure of Phoxinus (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae, Phoxininae) in Bulgaria. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:214-238. [PMID: 38711300 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The present drainage network of Bulgaria is the result of a complex Neogene and Quaternary evolution. Karst, which has developed on 23% of the territory, further complicates the hydrological pattern. Fresh waters of Bulgaria drain into the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea basins and can be roughly divided into the Danube (Middle and Lower Danube), non-Danube Black Sea, East Aegean, and West Aegean hydrological regions. Phoxinus, a small leuciscid fish, has a mosaic distribution in all four of these regions, inhabiting small mountainous and semi-mountainous streams. Based on morphology, it was identified as three species, Phoxinus phoxinus in the Danube, Phoxinus strandjae in the non-Danube, and Phoxinus strymonicus in West Aegean region. Later, molecular data revealed Phoxinus csikii and Phoxinus lumaireul in the Middle Danube and P. csikii in the Lower Danube. Phoxinus has been the focus of many studies, showing a high molecular and morphological diversity, which is not entirely consistent with previous morphology-only-based taxonomic concepts. In this study, molecular (a mitochondrial marker and a nuclear marker) and morphological data from both historical and recently sampled collections were analysed to assess the applicability of the integrative approach in Phoxinus. The results showed a significant influence of the complex paleo- and recent hydrology on the currently observed genetic structure of the considered populations and species. Furthermore, the study also demonstrated a strong influence of phenotypic plasticity on the morphological analysis of Phoxinus and the lack of a clear differentiation between P. csikii and P. strandjae. A barcoded specimen was designated as neotype to fix the species named P. strandjae in the current taxonomic concept. Finally, a significant discordance between genetically delimited clades and phenotypic groups did not allow a proper delineation of the species distributed in Bulgaria, demonstrating that more molecular markers are needed for further taxonomic study of the Phoxinus complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Palandačić
- First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Sandra Kirchner
- First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nina G Bogutskaya
- First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- BIOTA j d.o.o., Ponikva, Slovenia
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Palandačić A, Chai MJ, Shandikov GA, Akkari N, Frade PR, Randolf S, Berg HM, Mikschi E, Bogutskaya NG. An annotated catalogue of selected historical type specimens, including genetic data, housed in the Natural History Museum Vienna. Zookeys 2024; 1203:253-323. [PMID: 38855791 PMCID: PMC11161686 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1203.117699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Museum collections are an important source for resolving taxonomic issues and species delimitation. Type specimens as name-bearing specimens, traditionally used in morphology-based taxonomy, are, due to the progress in historical DNA methodology, increasingly used in molecular taxonomic studies. Museum collections are subject to constant deterioration and major disasters. The digitisation of collections offers a partial solution to these problems and makes museum collections more accessible to the wider scientific community. The Extended Specimen Approach (ESA) is a method of digitisation that goes beyond the physical specimen to include the historical information stored in the collection. The collections of the Natural History Museum Vienna represent one of the largest non-university research centres in Europe and, due to their size and numerous type specimens, are frequently used for taxonomic studies by visiting and resident scientists. Recently, a version of ESA was presented in the common catalogue of the Fish and Evertebrata Varia collections and extended to include genetic information on type specimens in a case study of a torpedo ray. Here the case study was extended to a heterogeneous selection of historical type series from different collections with the type locality of Vienna. The goal was to apply the ESA, including genetic data on a selected set of type material: three parasitic worms, three myriapods, two insects, twelve fishes, and one bird species. Five hundred digital items (photographs, X-rays, scans) were produced, and genetic analysis was successful in eleven of the 21 type series. In one case a complete mitochondrial genome was assembled, and in another case ten short fragments (100-230 bp) of the cytochrome oxidase I gene were amplified and sequenced. For five type series, genetic analysis confirmed their taxonomic status as previously recognised synonyms, and for one the analysis supported its status as a distinct species. For two species, genetic information was provided for the first time. This catalogue thus demonstrates the usefulness of ESA in providing digitised data of types that can be easily made available to scientists worldwide for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Palandačić
- Fish collection, First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Min J. Chai
- Fish collection, First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gennadiy A. Shandikov
- Fish collection, First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nesrine Akkari
- Myriapoda collection, Third Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pedro R. Frade
- Fish collection, First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Randolf
- Fish collection, First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Martin Berg
- Fish collection, First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Mikschi
- Fish collection, First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina G. Bogutskaya
- Fish collection, First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Evertebrata Varia collection, Third Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
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Kusznierz J, Tagayev D, Sienkiewicz T, Paśko Ł. Molecular and osteological verification of the taxonomic status of Phoxinus sedelnikowi (Berg, 1908) (Teleostei: Leuciscidae). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2022.2163712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Kusznierz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, University of Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - D. Tagayev
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - T. Sienkiewicz
- Secondary School No. III Named after Adam Mickiewicz, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ł. Paśko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, University of Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland
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Bogutskaya NG, Jelić D, Vucić M, Jelić M, Diripasko OA, Stefanov T, Klobučar G. Description of a new species of Phoxinus from the upper Krka River (Adriatic Basin) in Croatia (Actinopterygii: Leuciscidae), first discovered as a molecular clade. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:378-393. [PMID: 31750931 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using morphometric, meristic and qualitative characters, we confirmed a specific status of a clade discovered based on molecular data only. The newly described species Phoxinus krkae has a very local distribution in the upper Krka River but is easily morphologically distinguished from geographically neighbouring species with much wider ranges: Phoxinus lumaireul, Phoxinus marsilii and Phoxinus csikii. Phoxinus krkae is well differentiated in statistical analyses and differs from other species of Phoxinus in northern Adriatic Sea drainages and right-bank tributaries of the middle and lower River Danube by a combination of characters, none of them unique: caudal peduncle length 1.9-2.2 times minimum depth of caudal peduncle; upper lip not projecting beyond lower lip; rostral fold absent; total number of scales in lateral series 74-84; lateral line incomplete and interrupted, commonly 17-49 (< 60% of total number of scales in lateral series) with no or few canal segments on posterior body and caudal peduncle; scales on belly extending forward to over middle of distance between pelvic-fin base and pectoral-fin origin; patches of breast scales commonly connected by scattered scales or forming 1-3 regular rows of scales; total vertebrae commonly 38-39 (22 + 17, 22 + 16 or 21 + 17). The study reveals unrecognised morphological diversity within the group and provides the groundwork for future taxonomic study in Phoxinus in the Adriatic region and the Danube Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dušan Jelić
- Croatian Institute for Biodiversity, Croatian Biological Research Society, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matej Vucić
- Croatian Institute for Biodiversity, Croatian Biological Research Society, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mišel Jelić
- Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Entomology, Varaždin City Museum, Varaždin, Croatia
| | | | | | - Göran Klobučar
- Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Zagreb, Croatia
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