1
|
Sennikov AN, Lazkov GA. Alien Plants of Kyrgyzstan: The First Complete Inventory, Distributions and Main Patterns. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:286. [PMID: 38256839 PMCID: PMC10821502 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The first inventory of casual and naturalised alien plants of Kyrgyzstan is based on an overview of published data, which were re-assessed and re-evaluated using modern standards. Altogether, 151 alien species were registered in the country, of which nearly 40% became naturalised. The total number of alien plant species and the proportion of casual aliens are relatively low due to the harsh climatic conditions (high aridity and continentality) and predominantly high elevations. The highest number of alien plant species in Kyrgyzstan originated from the Mediterranean, which can be explained by some common climatic features between this area and Central Asia, but half of the ten most harmful aliens originated from the Americas. The intensity of plant invasions was the greatest during the period of the Russian Empire and the USSR, and this rapid accumulation of alien plants continues in independent Kyrgyzstan. The uneven distribution of alien plants in Kyrgyzstan is explained by different elevations and climatic conditions across its regions, as well as by the concentration of agricultural activities and human population along warm lowland depressions. More research is required to uncover pathways and particular times of introduction and to produce detailed distribution maps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Sennikov
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Georgy A. Lazkov
- Institute of Biology, Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek 720010, Kyrgyzstan;
- Research Centre for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sennikov AN, Kozhin MN. Taxonomic revision of the Erigeronacris group (Asteraceae) in Murmansk Region, Russia, reveals a complex pattern of native and alien taxa. PHYTOKEYS 2023; 235:83-128. [PMID: 38020474 PMCID: PMC10665865 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on the evidence of morphology and a comprehensive revision of herbarium collections and field records, the taxonomy of the Erigeronacris group in Murmansk Region, European Russia, is completely revised. Its accepted diversity is increased from 2 to 8 taxa, including putative hybrids. The only native species, E.politus, is distributed in mountainous regions, along sea coasts and in the Kutsa River basin. Five species are alien: E.rigidus (previously confused with E.acris s.str.), E.acris s.str. (first recorded in the narrow taxonomic definition), E.brachycephalus (previously unrecorded), E.droebachiensis and E.uralensis (previously reported in error). Two major waves of the introduction of alien taxa are discovered, with different occurrences and species compositions. Regional and local dispersal by pomors (historical Russian settlers) occurred during their colonisation and traditional activities since the 12th century (archaeophytes or early neophytes); such alien taxa (E.rigidus, E.brachycephalus, and partly E.acris) are particularly common within the territory traditionally settled by Russian colonists but also found elsewhere along historical trade routes. Other alien species of the E.acris group (E.droebachiensis, E.uralensis, and partly E.acris and E.brachycephalus) colonised industrial areas in the 1960s-1990s as seed contaminants introduced during revegetation of slag dumps, stockyards, dams and channels. Putative hybrids between E.politus (native), E.rigidus and E.acris (aliens) are found in the places of co-occurrence. Updated nomenclature, synonymy and descriptions are provided for all accepted taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Sennikov
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, FinlandUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mikhail N. Kozhin
- Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute of Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity 184209, RussiaAvrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute of Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesApatityRussia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sennikov A, Lazkov G. The first checklist of alien vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan, with new records and critical evaluation of earlier data. Contribution 2. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e80804. [PMID: 35437395 PMCID: PMC8971126 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e80804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We continue the inventory of alien vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan, with emphasis on the time and pathways of introduction of the species and their current status in the territory. Each taxon is discussed in the context of plant invasions in Central Asia. This work is a further development of the preliminary checklist of alien plants of Kyrgyzstan, which was compiled for the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species in 2018. New information This contribution includes all alien species of Kyrgyzstan belonging to Solanaceae and Asphodelaceae and one species of Asteraceae. Physalisphiladelphicus (syn. P.ixocarpa) is reported for the first time from Central Asia, as new to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, thus marking a recent invasion with a variety of imported grain and seed material. The old records of P.ixocarpa from Uzbekistan are based on misidentified specimens of P.angulata. Physalisangulata is an old cotton immigrant in Central Asia, whose invasion started in the 1920s; it is excluded from the alien flora of Kyrgyzstan as registered in error on the basis of cultivated plants. Alkekengiofficinarum is an archaeophyte of the Neolithic period in Central Asia, formerly used for food, now strongly declining and largely casual in Kyrgyzstan. The only historical record of Physalisviscosa from Uzbekistan was based on a technical error and belongs to A.officinarum. Daturastramonium and Hyoscyamusniger were introduced as medicinal plants during the period of the Arabic invasion of Central Asia, by the 11th century. Daturainnoxia is a newly recorded casual alien, recently escaped from ornamental cultivation. Nicandraphysalodes is a casual alien, which was cultivated by Russian colonists in the early 20th century for culinary use and is currently used in ornamental cultivation. Hemerocallisfulva was a remnant of historical cultivation in the former Khanate of Buxoro, and its formerly established colonies are presumably extinct in the wild. Bidensfrondosa was seemingly introduced with contaminated forage and seed of American origin during the late Soviet period and started to spread in the period of independence; its invasion in the former USSR is analysed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sennikov
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Komarov Botanical Institute Saint-Petersburg Russia.,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Georgy Lazkov
- Institute of Biology, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Institute of Biology Bishkek Kyrgyzstan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kozhin M, Sennikov A. New records in non-native vascular plants of Russian Lapland. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e78166. [PMID: 35068982 PMCID: PMC8758643 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e78166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The non-native vascular plants of Murmansk Region (European Russia) are under active investigation towards the compilation of the first complete checklist. This work is part of the project 'Flora of Russian Lapland', which ultimately aims at the complete inventory of the taxonomy, distribution and status of vascular plant species in Murmansk Region, based on the comprehensive database of herbarium specimens, field observations and literature. New information New territory-level records of non-native vascular plants emerged during our inventory of herbarium collections and recent fieldwork. Fourteen species (Anthemisruthenica, Aruncusdioicus, Bromuscommutatus, Chaerophyllumhirsutum, Galegaorientalis, Geumaleppicum, Leonurusquinquelobatus, Lepidiumdensiflorum, Levisticumofficinale, Myrrhisodorata, Phleumphleoides, Prunusarmeniaca, Rorippasylvestris, Seneciovernalis) are reported as new to Murmansk Region. The historical occurrences of alien plants appeared in the territory largely as contaminants (of seed or forage). In particular, Rorippasylvestris and Seneciovernalis arrived with the forage imported during the Second World War. All recent occurrences originated by escape from confinement (ornamental purposes, horticulture, agriculture), reflecting a high diversity of the modern assortment of cultivated plants in commerce and private gardens. Regarding the invasion status, five alien species are considered casual and eight species are treated as locally established or persisting (for uncertain time). Only one species, Galegaorientalis, is considered naturalised and capable of further spreading in the territory, although without invasive potential.
Collapse
|
5
|
Baasanmunkh S, Urgamal M, Oyuntsetseg B, Sukhorukov AP, Tsegmed Z, Son DC, Erst A, Oyundelger K, Kechaykin AA, Norris J, Kosachev P, Ma JS, Chang KS, Choi HJ. Flora of Mongolia: annotated checklist of native vascular plants. PHYTOKEYS 2022; 192:63-169. [PMID: 35437387 PMCID: PMC8938380 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.192.79702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we critically revised and updated the checklist of native vascular plants of Mongolia. The checklist comprises 3,041 native vascular plant taxa (2,835 species and 206 infraspecific species) from 653 genera and 111 families, including 7 lycophytes, 41 ferns, 21 gymnosperms, and 2,972 angiosperms. In the angiosperms, we identified the 14 families with the greatest species richness, ranging from 50 to 456 taxa. Species endemism is also noted here; 102 taxa are endemic to Mongolia, and 275 taxa are sub-endemic that co-occur in adjacent countries. Since 2014, a total of 14 taxa have been described new to science based on morphological evidences. Moreover, five genera and 74 taxa were newly added to the flora of Mongolia. Based on our critical revisions, names of three families, 21 genera, and 230 species have been changed in comparison to the previous checklist, "Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia" (2014).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shukherdorj Baasanmunkh
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of KoreaChangwon National UniversityChangwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Magsar Urgamal
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Phylogeny, Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 13330, MongoliaBotanic Garden and Research Institute, Mongolian Academy of SciencesUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Batlai Oyuntsetseg
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Science, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, MongoliaNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Alexander P. Sukhorukov
- Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1/12, Moscow, 119234, RussiaMoscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
- Tomsk State University, Lenina Pr., 36, Tomsk, 634050, RussiaTomsk State UniversityTomskRussia
| | - Zagarjav Tsegmed
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Phylogeny, Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 13330, MongoliaBotanic Garden and Research Institute, Mongolian Academy of SciencesUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Dong Chan Son
- Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Republic of KoreaDivision of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National ArboretumPocheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Andrey Erst
- Tomsk State University, Lenina Pr., 36, Tomsk, 634050, RussiaTomsk State UniversityTomskRussia
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Zolotodolinskaya St. 101, Novosibirsk, 630090, RussiaCentral Siberian Botanical Garden SB RASNovosibirskRussia
| | - Khurelpurev Oyundelger
- Technical University Dresden, International Institute (IHI) Zittau, Chair of Biodiversity of Higher Plants, 02763, Zittau, GermanyTechnical University DresdenZittauGermany
- Department of Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, 02826, Görlitz, GermanyDepartment of Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History GörlitzGörlitzGermany
| | - Alexey A. Kechaykin
- South Siberian Botanical Garden, Altai State University, Lenina 61, Barnaul, 656049, RussiaAltai State UniversityBarnaulRussia
| | - Joscelyn Norris
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Vermont 05405-0088, USAUniversity of VermontVermontUnited States of America
| | - Petr Kosachev
- South Siberian Botanical Garden, Altai State University, Lenina 61, Barnaul, 656049, RussiaAltai State UniversityBarnaulRussia
| | - Jin-Shuang Ma
- Institute of Botany, Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, ChinaInstitute of Botany, Beijing Botanical GardenBeijingChina
| | - Kae Sun Chang
- DMZ Forest and Biological Resources Conservation Division, Korea National Arboretum, Yanggu 24564, Republic of KoreaDMZ Forest and Biological Resources Conservation Division, Korea National ArboretumYangguRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Jae Choi
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of KoreaChangwon National UniversityChangwonRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|