1
|
Rodrigues PP, Machado MDA, Pety AM, Oliveira da Silva W, Pieczarka JC, Nagamachi CY. Mapping of Repetitive Sequences in Brachyhypopomus brevirostris (Hypopomidae, Gymnotiformes) from the Brazilian Amazon. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1726. [PMID: 38929345 PMCID: PMC11200435 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Brachyhypopomus (Hypopomidae, Gymnotiformes) is a monophyletic genus consisting of 28 formally described species. Karyotypic data are available for 12 species. The same karyotype is described for two species (B. brevirostris and B. hamiltoni), as well as different karyotypes for the same species from distinct locations (B. brevirostris). In this context, B. brevirostris may constitute a cryptic species complex. Thus, in the present study, we analyzed the karyotype of B. brevirostris, from Santarém, Pará, and Tefé, Amazonas, using classical cytogenetics (conventional staining and C-banding) and molecular techniques (fluorescence in situ hybridization using 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, U2 snRNA, and telomeric probes). The results show that samples from both locations present 2n = 38, with all chromosomes being acrocentric (FC = 38a). In both populations, 18S rDNA sequences are present on only one pair of homologous chromosomes and telomeric sequences occur only at the ends of the chromosomes. In the Tefé sample, the 5S rDNA occurs in two pairs, and the U2 snRNA in three pairs. These results are the first descriptions of these sequences for B. brevirostris samples from the Tefé locality, as well as the first karyotypic description for the Santarém locality. Future cytotaxonomic studies of this genus can benefit from these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-750, Brazil; (P.P.R.); (M.d.A.M.); (A.M.P.); (W.O.d.S.); (J.C.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fernandes CA, Aguiar AKMD, Paiz LM, Baumgärtner L, Piscor D, Margarido VP. First chromosomal analysis of Gymnorhamphichthys britskii: the remarkable lowest diploid value within the family Rhamphichthyidae (Gymnotiformes). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20190069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gymnorhamphichthys britskii is a Neotropical electric fish of family Rhamphichthyidae described from the Paraná-Paraguay system. This study reports the first karyotypic description of G. britskii collected from the upper Paraná river basin, which presented 2n=38 chromosomes, karyotype composed of 14 metacentric, 8 submetacentric, 2 subtelocentric and 14 acrocentric chromosomes, and fundamental number as 62 for both sexes. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes were absent. A single pair of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) was detected in the submetacentric chromosome pair number 9 by silver staining and confirmed by the 18S rDNA probe. The 5S rDNA was located in a single chromosome pair. Heterochromatic regions were clearly observed in the short arms of the NOR-bearing chromosome pair and in the telomeric positions of most acrocentric chromosomes. Besides the present data are valuable to help in understanding karyotypic evolution in Rhamphichthyidae, data from NORs confirmed the tendency of this family in presenting simple NORs sites, similar to the other Gymnotiformes clades. Yet, the presence of a large heterochromatic block in the NOR-bearing chromosome can be used as cytogenetic markers for G. britskii, and that centric fusions appear to be an important mechanism in the karyotype evolution and differentiation among Gymnotiformes species.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cardoso AL, Pieczarka JC, Crampton WGR, Ready JS, de Figueiredo Ready WMB, Waddell JC, de Oliveira JA, Nagamachi CY. Karyotypic Diversity and Evolution in a Sympatric Assemblage of Neotropical Electric Knifefish. Front Genet 2018; 9:81. [PMID: 29616077 PMCID: PMC5867350 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome changes can perform an important role in speciation by acting as post-zygotic reproductive barriers. The Neotropical electric fish genus Brachyhypopomus (Gymnotiformes, Hypopomidae) has 28 described species, but cytogenetic data are hitherto available only for four of them. To understand karyotype evolution and investigate the possible role of chromosome changes in the diversification of this genus, we describe here the karyotype of eight species of Brachyhypopomus from a sympatric assemblage in the central Amazon basin. We analyzed cytogenetic data in the context of a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus and known patterns of geographical distribution. We found a strong phylogenetic signal for chromosome number and noted that sympatric species have exclusive karyotypes. Additional insights into the role of chromosome changes in the diversification of Brachyhypopomus are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adauto L Cardoso
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Julio C Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | - William G R Crampton
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jonathan S Ready
- Laboratório de Lepidopterologia e Ictiologia Integrada, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Wilsea M B de Figueiredo Ready
- Laboratório de Lepidopterologia e Ictiologia Integrada, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Joseph C Waddell
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | | | - Cleusa Y Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Machado MDA, Pieczarka JC, Silva FHR, O'Brien PCM, Ferguson-Smith MA, Nagamachi CY. Extensive Karyotype Reorganization in the Fish Gymnotus arapaima (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae) Highlighted by Zoo-FISH Analysis. Front Genet 2018; 9:8. [PMID: 29434621 PMCID: PMC5790778 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes) contains over 40 species of freshwater electric fishes exhibiting a wide distribution throughout Central and South America, and being particularly prevalent in the Amazon basin. Cytogenetics has been an important tool in the cytotaxonomy and elucidation of evolutionary processes in this genus, including the unraveling the variety of diploid chromosome number (2n = from 34 to 54), the high karyotype diversity among species with a shared diploid number, different sex chromosome systems, and variation in the distribution of several Repetitive DNAs and colocation and association between those sequences. Recently whole chromosome painting (WCP) has been used for tracking the chromosomal evolution of the genus, showing highly reorganized karyotypes and the conserved synteny of the NOR bearing par within the clade G. carapo. In this study, painting probes derived from the chromosomes of G. carapo (GCA, 2n = 42, 30 m/sm + 12 st/a) were hybridized to the mitotic metaphases of G. arapaima (GAR, 2n = 44, 24 m/sm + 20 st/a). Our results uncovered chromosomal rearrangements and a high number of repetitive DNA regions. From the 12 chromosome pairs of G. carapo that can be individually differentiated (GCA1-3, 6, 7, 9, 14, 16, and 18-21), six pairs (GCA 1, 9, 14, 18, 20, 21) show conserved homology with GAR, five pairs (GCA 1, 9, 14, 20, 21) are also shared with cryptic species G. carapo 2n = 40 (34 m/sm + 6 st/a) and only the NOR bearing pair (GCA 20) is shared with G. capanema (GCP 2n = 34, 20 m/sm + 14 st/a). The remaining chromosomes are reorganized in the karyotype of GAR. Despite the close phylogenetic relationships of these species, our chromosome painting studies demonstrate an extensive reorganization of their karyotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milla de Andrade Machado
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Julio C Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Fernando H R Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Patricia C M O'Brien
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm A Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cleusa Y Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Batista JA, Cardoso AL, Milhomem-Paixão SSR, Ready JS, Pieczarka JC, Nagamachi CY. The Karyotype of Microsternarchus aff. bilineatus: A First Case of Y Chromosome Degeneration in Gymnotiformes. Zebrafish 2017; 14:244-250. [PMID: 28437173 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various species and lineages that until recently were identified as Microsternarchus bilineatus (Hypopomidae, Gymnotiformes) have a widespread distribution in the Amazon and Orinoco River basins and across the Guiana shield. Recent molecular studies show five distinct lineages for Microsternarchus from different localities. These results suggest that this previously monotypic genus actually consists of more than one species. Here, we describe the karyotype of M. aff. bilineatus from the Cururutuia River (Bragança, Pará, Brazil). The diploid number of 48 chromosomes (14 meta-submetacentric/34 subtelo-acrocentric) is found for males and females, with an XX/XY sex chromosome system. The nucleolar organizer region is found in the short arm of pair 9. Constitutive heterochromatin occurs in the pericentromeric region of all chromosomes, in the distal region of 3p, 5p, 7p, 8q, 9q, 16q, and Xq, in the interstitial region in 2p, 10q, 11q, and 12q and all along 4p, and in a large block of the Y chromosome. These results indicate extensive karyotype divergence between this population and samples from Igarapé Tarumã Grande (Negro River, Amazonas, Brazil) studied by other researchers. Moreover, despite the diversity of sex chromosome systems found in Gymnotiformes, the XX/XY sex chromosome system of M. aff. bilineatus is the first case of Y chromosome degeneration in this order. The present data are valuable to help understand karyotype evolution in Hypopomidae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Almeida Batista
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética , Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Adauto Lima Cardoso
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética , Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Jonathan Stuart Ready
- 3 Laboratório de Ictiologia Integrada, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética , Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética , Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Jesus IS, Ferreira M, Garcia C, Ribeiro LB, Alves-Gomes JA, Feldberg E. First Cytogenetic Description of Microsternarchus bilineatus (Gymnotiformes: Hypopomidae) from Negro River (Brazilian Amazon). Zebrafish 2016; 13:571-577. [PMID: 27454711 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsternarchus bilineatus is a neotropical electric fish species widely distributed in Amazonian ecosystems. This work reports the first karyotypic description of the species M. bilineatus, which presented 2n = 48 chromosomes, with a distinct karyotypic formula between the sexes: males with 21 metacentric (m)/submetacentric (sm) + 27 subtelocentric (st)/acrocentric (a) and fundamental number (FN) = 69 and females with 20 m/sm + 28 st/a and FN = 68. We found a probable recent sex system of XX/XY type. The nucleoli organizer regions (NORs) were multiple terminally located, and the heterochromatic blocks were mostly pericentromeric. The 18S rDNA markings confirmed NORs and their distinction between sexes, which suggested some differential role of this gene related to gender in this species. The 5S rDNA presented terminal markings on a single chromosome pair, with no distinction between sexes, and the telomeric probes have shown a uniform pattern in males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isac Silva de Jesus
- 1 Laboratório de Fisiologia Comportamental e Evolução, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA , Manaus, Brazil
| | - Milena Ferreira
- 2 Laboratório de Genética Animal, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia , Manaus, Brazil
| | - Caroline Garcia
- 3 Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia , Jequié, Brazil
| | - Leila Braga Ribeiro
- 2 Laboratório de Genética Animal, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia , Manaus, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Alves-Gomes
- 1 Laboratório de Fisiologia Comportamental e Evolução, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA , Manaus, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- 2 Laboratório de Genética Animal, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia , Manaus, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cardoso AL, Pieczarka JC, Nagamachi CY. X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome systems in the Neotropical Gymnotiformes electric fish of the genus Brachyhypopomus. Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:213-9. [PMID: 26273225 PMCID: PMC4530641 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-4757382220140189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of sex chromosome systems have been recorded among Gymnotiformes, including male and female heterogamety, simple and multiple sex chromosomes, and different mechanisms of origin and evolution. The X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y systems identified in three species of this order are considered homoplasic for the group. In the genus Brachyhypopomus, only B. gauderio presented this type of system. Herein we describe the karyotypes of Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus and B. n. sp. FLAV, which have an X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system that evolved via fusion between an autosome and the Y chromosome. The morphology of the chromosomes and the meiotic pairing suggest that the sex chromosomes of B. gauderio and B. pinnicaudatus have a common origin, whereas in B . n. sp. FLAV the sex chromosome system evolved independently. However, we cannot discard the possibility of common origin followed by distinct processes of differentiation. The identification of two new karyotypes with an X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system in Gymnotiformes makes it the most common among the karyotyped species of the group. Comparisons of these karyotypes and the evolutionary history of the taxa indicate independent origins for their sex chromosomes systems. The recurrent emergence of the X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y system may represent sex chromosomes turnover events in Gymnotiformes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adauto Lima Cardoso
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus do Guamá, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus do Guamá, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus do Guamá, Belém, PA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|