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Hurdeal VG, Gentekaki E, Hyde KD, Nguyen TTT, Lee HB. Novel Mucor species (Mucoromycetes, Mucoraceae) from northern Thailand. MycoKeys 2021; 84:57-78. [PMID: 34759734 PMCID: PMC8575866 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.84.71530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucor species are common fast-growing fungi found in soil. Two new species of Mucor and one new geographical record of M.nederlandicus were collected from northern Thailand and are described in this study. Evidence from morphophysiological data and phylogenetic analysis supports the introduction of the new taxa. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (LSU) data showed that the new isolates cluster distinctly from other Mucor species with high or maximum bootstrap support. Mucoraseptatophorus is characterized by aseptate sporangiophores, globose columella, resistant and deliquescent sporangia, has sympodial, and monopodial branches and shows growth at 37 °C. It also differs from M.irregularis in having smaller sporangiospores, and larger sporangia. Mucorchiangraiensis has subglobose or slightly elongated globose columella, produces hyaline sporangiospores, and resistant and deliquescent sporangia. Furthermore, this species has wider sporangiophore, smaller sporangia and lower growth than M.nederlandicus. A detailed description of the species and illustrations are provided for the novel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedprakash G Hurdeal
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand.,Environmental Microbiology Lab, Dept. of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Thuong T T Nguyen
- Environmental Microbiology Lab, Dept. of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- Environmental Microbiology Lab, Dept. of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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Khuna S, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Frisvad JC, Matsui K, Nuangmek W, Lumyong S. Growth Enhancement of Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana) and Onion ( Allium cepa) With Inoculation of Three Newly Identified Mineral-Solubilizing Fungi in the Genus Aspergillus Section Nigri. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705896. [PMID: 34456888 PMCID: PMC8397495 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some soil fungi play an important role in supplying elements to plants by the solubilizing of insoluble minerals in the soil. The present study was conducted to isolate the mineral-solubilizing fungi from rhizosphere soil in some agricultural areas in northern Thailand. Seven fungal strains were obtained and identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach with multilocus phylogenetic and phenotypic (morphology and extrolite profile) analyses. All obtained fungal strains were newly identified in the genus Aspergillus section Nigri, Aspergillus chiangmaiensis (SDBR-CMUI4 and SDBR-CMU15), Aspergillus pseudopiperis (SDBR-CMUI1 and SDBR-CMUI7), and Aspergillus pseudotubingensis (SDBR-CMUO2, SDBR-CMUO8, and SDBR-CMU20). All fungal strains were able to solubilize the insoluble mineral form of calcium, copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, feldspar, and kaolin in the agar plate assay. Consequently, the highest phosphate solubilization strains (SDBR-CMUI1, SDBR-CMUI4, and SDBR-CMUO2) of each fungal species were selected for evaluation of their plant growth enhancement ability on Arabidopsis and onion in laboratory and greenhouse experiments, respectively. Plant disease symptoms were not found in any treatment of fungal inoculation and control. All selected fungal strains significantly increased the leaf number, leaf length, dried biomass of shoot and root, chlorophyll content, and cellular inorganic phosphate content in both Arabidopsis and onion plants under supplementation with insoluble mineral phosphate. Additionally, the inoculation of selected fungal strains also improved the yield and quercetin content of onion bulb. Thus, the selected strains reveal the potential in plant growth promotion agents that can be applied as a biofertilizer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapong Khuna
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jens Christian Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU-Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Wipornpan Nuangmek
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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Apophysomyces variabilis, an emerging and worrisome cause of primary cutaneous necrotizing infections in India. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101197. [PMID: 34454304 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In India, Apophysomyces species complex is the second common agent of mucormycosis mainly affecting immunocompetent hosts unlike other Mucorales. It is frequently involved in causing necrotizing cutaneous infections. The present two-year study was planned to investigate the causative role of Apophysomyces spp. in cutaneous necrotizing infections. The tissue samples were processed using standard techniques and in five out of 65 patients, Apophysomyces variabilis was the etiological agent. Diabetes mellitus and trauma were common risk factors and despite appropriate treatment only one patient could be survived. Apophysomyces variabilis is emerging as agent of necrotizing infections which invariably result in poor patient outcomes.
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Li S, Han R, Zhang H, Song Y, Zhao F, Qin P. Apophysomyces jiangsuensis sp. nov., a Salt Tolerant and Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungus from the Tidelands of Jiangsu Province of China. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121868. [PMID: 33256164 PMCID: PMC7760925 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A newly isolated phosphate-solubilizing fungus from the topsoil of Spartina alterniflora habitats in Yancheng coastal salt marsh was cultivated. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed that the sporangia are nearly spherical, peach-shaped, and the spores formed on the top of sporangia. The spores are ellipsoidal with raised white nubbins on the surface. Based on a polyphasic study and the genetic distance analysis referring to the sequence analysis of ITS (ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2) and 28S rDNA (D1/D2 domains) genes, the novel species belongs to the genus Apophysomyces and is named as A. jiangsuensis. The optimum growth temperature and salinity of the new species were 28 °C and 1.15% NaCl, respectively. A study of its phosphate-solubilizing ability revealed that the fungus had an obvious decomposition effect on lecithin, Ca3(PO4)2, and AlPO3, respectively. The pH of the fermented liquid progressively decreased from 6.85 to 2.27 after 7 days of incubation, indicating that the low molecular weight organic acids excreted into the culture liquor were oxalic, succinic, and malic acids and a trace amount of citric acid. Among these, oxalic acid was the major organic acid, and its amount reached 652.5 mg/L. These results indicated that the main mechanism underlying the dissolved phosphorus was related to the secretion of large amounts of organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Halophyte Research Lab, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (S.L.); (R.H.); (F.Z.)
- Qu Jiang Experimental Middle School, Quzhou 324022, China
| | - Ruiming Han
- Halophyte Research Lab, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (S.L.); (R.H.); (F.Z.)
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huanshi Zhang
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing 210042, China;
| | - Yongchun Song
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- Halophyte Research Lab, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (S.L.); (R.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Pei Qin
- Halophyte Research Lab, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (S.L.); (R.H.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-13951966461
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Where are the basal fungi? Current status on diversity, ecology, evolution, and taxonomy. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Elhussiny NI, Khattab AENA, El-Refai HA, Mohamed SS, Shetaia YM, Amin HA. Biotransesterification capabilities of Mucorales whole-cell lipase isolates and mutants. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Martins MR, Santos C, Soares C, Santos C, Lima N. Gongronella eborensis sp. nov., from vineyard soil of Alentejo (Portugal). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:3475-3482. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes a novel fungal species belonging to the genus Gongronella. During a previous work focusing on metalaxyl degradation by Mucorales strains, two isolates from vineyard soil samples collected in the Alentejo region, south Portugal, were identified as a putative novel species based on combined molecular and MALDI-TOF MS data. This new species is described here using a polyphasic approach that combines morphology, internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (ITS) and 28S ribosomal DNA (LSU) sequence data analysis and proteomic profiling by MALDI-TOF MS. Phenotypic and molecular data enabled this novel species to be clearly distinguished from other Gongronella species with results of combined ITS+LSU analysis showing that the Gongronella species is related to Gongronella butleri and Gongronella brasiliensis. Therefore, from the results of morphological and molecular analyses, isolates MUM 10.262 and MUM 10.263 seem to represent a new Gongronella species and the name Gongronella eborensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the ex-type strain MUM 10.262 (=CCMI 1100=CBS 128763).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosário Martins
- HERCULES Lab., Departamento de Química, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal
| | - Carla Santos
- CEB-Biological Engineering Centre, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Célia Soares
- CEB-Biological Engineering Centre, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cledir Santos
- Department of Chemical Science and Natural Resources, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile
| | - Nelson Lima
- CEB-Biological Engineering Centre, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Outbreaks of Mucorales and the Species Involved. Mycopathologia 2019; 185:765-781. [PMID: 31734800 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The order Mucorales is an ancient group of fungi classified in the subphylum Mucoromycotina. Mucorales are mainly fast-growing saprotrophs that belong to the first colonizers of diverse organic materials and represent a permanent part of the human environment. Several species are able to cause human infections (mucormycoses) predominantly in patients with impaired immune system, diabetes, or deep trauma. In this review, we compiled 32 reports on community- and hospital-acquired outbreaks caused by Mucorales. The most common source of mucoralean outbreaks was contaminated medical devices that are responsible for 40.7% of the outbreaks followed by contaminated air (31.3%), traumatic inoculation of soil or foreign bodies (9.4%), and the contact (6.2%) or the ingestion (6.2%) of contaminated plant material. The most prevalent species were Rhizopus arrhizus and R. microsporus causing 57% of the outbreaks. The genus Rhizomucor was dominating in outbreaks related to contaminated air while outbreaks of Lichtheimia species and Mucor circinelloides were transmitted by direct contact. Outbreaks with the involvement of several species are reported. Subtyping of strains revealed clonality in two outbreaks and no close relation in two other outbreaks. Based on the existing data, outbreaks of Mucorales can be caused by heterogeneous sources consisting of different strains or different species. Person-to-person transmission cannot be excluded because Mucorales can sporulate on wounds. For a better understanding and prevention of outbreaks, we need to increase our knowledge on the physiology, ecology, and population structure of outbreak causing species and more subtyping data.
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Walther G, Wagner L, Kurzai O. Updates on the Taxonomy of Mucorales with an Emphasis on Clinically Important Taxa. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:E106. [PMID: 31739583 PMCID: PMC6958464 DOI: 10.3390/jof5040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the order Mucorales colonize all kinds of wet, organic materials and represent a permanent part of the human environment. They are economically important as fermenting agents of soybean products and producers of enzymes, but also as plant parasites and spoilage organisms. Several taxa cause life-threatening infections, predominantly in patients with impaired immunity. The order Mucorales has now been assigned to the phylum Mucoromycota and is comprised of 261 species in 55 genera. Of these accepted species, 38 have been reported to cause infections in humans, as a clinical entity known as mucormycosis. Due to molecular phylogenetic studies, the taxonomy of the order has changed widely during the last years. Characteristics such as homothallism, the shape of the suspensors, or the formation of sporangiola are shown to be not taxonomically relevant. Several genera including Absidia, Backusella, Circinella, Mucor, and Rhizomucor have been amended and their revisions are summarized in this review. Medically important species that have been affected by recent changes include Lichtheimia corymbifera, Mucor circinelloides, and Rhizopus microsporus. The species concept of Rhizopus arrhizus (syn. R. oryzae) is still a matter of debate. Currently, species identification of the Mucorales is best performed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Ecologically, the Mucorales represent a diverse group but for the majority of taxa, the ecological role and the geographic distribution remain unknown. Understanding the biology of these opportunistic fungal pathogens is a prerequisite for the prevention of infections, and, consequently, studies on the ecology of the Mucorales are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Walther
- German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany; (L.W.); (O.K.)
| | - Lysett Wagner
- German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany; (L.W.); (O.K.)
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany; (L.W.); (O.K.)
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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