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Hunter RMS, Manchester AD, Gremillion SK, Cantonwine EG. Use of image analysis to assess radial growth of Passalora arachidicola and Nothopassalora personata on solid media. Mycologia 2024; 116:213-225. [PMID: 38085557 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2280434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant research on early and late leaf spot diseases of peanut, in vitro study of the respective causal agents, Passalora arachidicola and Nothopassalora personata, has been limited due to cultural challenges that make growth of these fungi difficult to quantify with traditional methods. Studies were conducted to evaluate the practicality of image analysis to assess radial growth and tissue volume by correlating these assessments to dry mass. Image analysis was also used to estimate radial growth rates for these fungi over time. Tissue area and volume were significantly correlated to dry mass for P. arachidicola in two separate experiments, and for N. personata when medium had been removed from tissues prior to dry mass assessments. Tissue area densities were the same for P. arachidicola and Pseudocercospora smilacicola, evaluated as a nonstromatal cercosporoid comparison, whereas tissue volume densities were greater for P. archidicola and N. personata than P. smilacicola. A quadratic relationship was observed between radial growth and incubation time for all isolates evaluated. Growth rates of P. arachidicola isolates were 2 to 4 times faster than N. personata during the first week of incubation and slowed over time. Growth rates of NP18R, a phenotype variant of N. personata, increased after neighboring colonies met and was nearly 2.5 times faster than the fastest rates observed for P. arachidicola. These experiments demonstrate that when fungal tissues are observable, image analysis is a useful assessment tool for P. arachidicola and N. personata. Care should be taken to monitor fungal phenotypic changes in these species because phenotype degeneration can affect growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emily Gayle Cantonwine
- Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, 1500 N. Patterson Street, Valdosta, Georgia 31698
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Si H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li S, Bose T, Chang R. Fungal Diversity Associated with Thirty-Eight Lichen Species Revealed a New Genus of Endolichenic Fungi, Intumescentia gen. nov. (Teratosphaeriaceae). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040423. [PMID: 37108878 PMCID: PMC10143819 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi from the Teratosphaeriaceae (Mycosphaerellales; Dothideomycetes; Ascomycota) have a wide range of lifestyles. Among these are a few species that are endolichenic fungi. However, the known diversity of endolichenic fungi from Teratosphaeriaceae is far less understood compared to other lineages of Ascomycota. We conducted five surveys from 2020 to 2021 in Yunnan Province of China, to explore the biodiversity of endolichenic fungi. During these surveys, we collected multiple samples of 38 lichen species. We recovered a total of 205 fungal isolates representing 127 species from the medullary tissues of these lichens. Most of these isolates were from Ascomycota (118 species), and the remaining were from Basidiomycota (8 species) and Mucoromycota (1 species). These endolichenic fungi represented a wide variety of guilds, including saprophytes, plant pathogens, human pathogens, as well as entomopathogenic, endolichenic, and symbiotic fungi. Morphological and molecular data indicated that 16 of the 206 fungal isolates belonged to the family Teratosphaeriaceae. Among these were six isolates that had a low sequence similarity with any of the previously described species of Teratosphaeriaceae. For these six isolates, we amplified additional gene regions and conducted phylogenetic analyses. In both single gene and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses using ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB2, TEF1, ACT, and CAL data, these six isolates emerged as a monophyletic lineage within the family Teratosphaeriaceae and sister to a clade that included fungi from the genera Acidiella and Xenopenidiella. The analyses also indicated that these six isolates represented four species. Therefore, we established a new genus, Intumescentia gen. nov., to describe these species as Intumescentia ceratinae, I. tinctorum, I. pseudolivetorum, and I. vitii. These four species are the first endolichenic fungi representing Teratosphaeriaceae from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Si
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yanyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shiguo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Tanay Bose
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics & Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Runlei Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (R.C.)
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Cazabonne J, Bartrop L, Dierickx G, Gafforov Y, Hofmann TA, Martin TE, Piepenbring M, Rivas-Ferreiro M, Haelewaters D. Molecular-Based Diversity Studies and Field Surveys Are Not Mutually Exclusive: On the Importance of Integrated Methodologies in Mycological Research. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:860777. [PMID: 37746218 PMCID: PMC10512293 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.860777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and describing the diversity of living organisms is a great challenge. Fungi have for a long time been, and unfortunately still are, underestimated when it comes to taxonomic research. The foundations were laid by the first mycologists through field observations. These important fundamental works have been and remain vital reference works. Nevertheless, a non-negligible part of the studied funga escaped their attention. Thanks to modern developments in molecular techniques, the study of fungal diversity has been revolutionized in terms of tools and knowledge. Despite a number of disadvantages inherent to these techniques, traditional field-based inventory work has been increasingly superseded and neglected. This perspective aims to demonstrate the central importance of field-based research in fungal diversity studies, and encourages researchers not to be blinded by the sole use of molecular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cazabonne
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie de la MRC Abitibi (GREMA), Institut de Recherche sur les Forêts (IRF), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Amos, QC, Canada
| | | | - Glen Dierickx
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yusufjon Gafforov
- Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Institute (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tina A. Hofmann
- Centro de Investigaciones Micológicas (CIMi), Herbario UCH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David, Panama
| | - Thomas E. Martin
- Operation Wallacea Ltd, Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, United Kingdom
| | - Meike Piepenbring
- Mycology Working Group, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mauro Rivas-Ferreiro
- Population Genetics and Cytogenetics Group, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Danny Haelewaters
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Centro de Investigaciones Micológicas (CIMi), Herbario UCH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David, Panama
- Operation Wallacea Ltd, Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceské Budějovice, Czechia
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