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Zheng H, Mao X, Lin Y, Fu K, Qi Z, Wu Y. Reconstructing the biological invasion of noxious invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus and invasion risk assessment in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1430576. [PMID: 39363921 PMCID: PMC11446801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1430576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Invasive alien plants (IAPs) present a severe threat to native ecosystems and biodiversity. Comprehending the potential distribution patterns of these plant invaders and their responses to climate change is essential. Parthenium hysterophorus, native to the Americas, has become an aggressively invasive species since its introduction to China in the 1930s. This study aims to collect and reconstruct the historical occurrence and invasion of P. hysterophorus. Using the optimal MaxEnt model, the potential geographical distributions of P. hysterophorus were predicted based on screened species occurrences and environmental variables under the current and three future scenarios in the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s (i.e., SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5), and the invasion risk of P. hysterophorus in Chinese cities, croplands, forests, and grasslands was assessed. The results show that: (1) The species initially invaded highly suitable areas and further spread to regions with non-analogous climate conditions. (2) Under the current climatic conditions, the overall potential distribution of P. hysterophorus is characterized by more in the southeast and less in the northwest. Climate variables, including mean annual temperature (bio1), precipitation in the wettest month (bio13), isothermality (bio3), and temperature seasonality (bio4), are the primary factors influencing its distribution. (3) The potential distribution of P. hysterophorus will expand further under future climate scenarios, particularly toward higher latitudes. (4) Forests and crop lands are the areas with the most serious potential invasion risk of P. hysterophorus. Therefore, we suggest that the government should strengthen the monitoring and management of P. hysterophorus to prevent its spread and protect agro-ecosystems and human habitats. Depending on the potential risk areas, measures such as quarantine, removal, and publicity should be taken to mitigate the threat of P. hysterophorus invasion and to raise awareness of P. hysterophorus invasion prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisen Zheng
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjie Mao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lin
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keyi Fu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zanyi Qi
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongbin Wu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Čuda J, Pyšková K, Hejda M, Foxcroft LC, MacFadyen S, Storch D, Tropek R, Zambatis G, Pyšek P. Habitat modifies the relationship between grass and herbivore species richness in a South African savanna. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11167. [PMID: 38623521 PMCID: PMC11016939 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The savanna ecosystem is dominated by grasses, which are a key food source for many species of grazing animals. This relationship creates a diverse mosaic of habitats and contributes to the high grass species richness of savannas. However, how grazing interacts with environmental conditions in determining grass species richness and abundance in savannas is still insufficiently understood. In the Kruger National Park, South Africa, we recorded grass species and estimated their covers in 60 plots 50 × 50 m in size, accounting for varying proximity to water and different bedrocks. To achieve this, we located plots (i) near perennial rivers, near seasonal rivers, and on crests that are distant from all water sources and (ii) on nutrient-rich basaltic and nutrient-poor granitic bedrock. The presence and abundance of large herbivores were recorded by 60 camera traps located in the same plots. Grass cover was higher at crests and seasonal rivers than at perennial rivers and on basalts than on granites. The relationship between grass species richness and herbivore abundance or species richness was positive at crests, while that between grass species richness and herbivore species richness was negative at seasonal rivers. We found no support for controlling the dominance of grasses by herbivores in crests, but herbivore-induced microsite heterogeneity may account for high grass species richness there. In contrast, the decrease in grass species richness with herbivore species richness at seasonal rivers indicates that the strong grazing pressure over-rides the resistance of some species to grazing and trampling. We suggest that the relationships between grasses and herbivores may work in both directions, but the relationship is habitat-dependent, so that in less productive environments, the effect of herbivores on vegetation prevails, while in more productive environments along rivers the effect of vegetation and water supply on herbivores is more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Čuda
- Department of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanyPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Klára Pyšková
- Department of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanyPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Martin Hejda
- Department of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanyPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | | | - Sandra MacFadyen
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
- Department of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - David Storch
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Centre for Theoretical StudiesCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Robert Tropek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Czech Academy of SciencesBiology Centre, Institute of EntomologyČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Guin Zambatis
- Scientific Services, South African National ParksSkukuzaSouth Africa
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanyPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
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Delabye S, Gaona FP, Potocký P, Foxcroft LC, Halamová P, Hejda M, MacFadyen S, Pyšková K, Sedláček O, Staňková M, Storch D, Pyšek P, Tropek R. Thirteen moth species (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Noctuidae) newly recorded in South Africa, with comments on their distribution. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e89729. [PMID: 36761554 PMCID: PMC9848558 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e89729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thanks to the high diversity of ecosystems and habitats, South Africa harbours tremendous diversity of insects. The Kruger National Park, due to its position close to the border between two biogeographic regions and high heterogeneity of environmental conditions, represents an insufficiently studied hotspot of lepidopteran diversity. During our ecological research in the Kruger National Park, we collected abundant moth material, including several interesting faunistic records reported in this study. New information We reported 13 species of moths which had not yet been recorded in South Africa. In many cases, our records represented an important extension of the species' known distribution, including two species (Ozarbagaedei and O.persinua) whose distribution ranges extended into the Zambezian biogeographic region. Such findings confirmed the poor regional knowledge of lepidopteran diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Delabye
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Fernando P Gaona
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Potocký
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Llewellyn C Foxcroft
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Skukuza, South AfricaScientific Services, South African National ParksSkukuzaSouth Africa,Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South AfricaCentre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Pavla Halamová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Martin Hejda
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Pruhonice, Czech RepublicCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion EcologyPruhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Sandra MacFadyen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South AfricaDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Klára Pyšková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Pruhonice, Czech RepublicCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion EcologyPruhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Markéta Staňková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - David Storch
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic,Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicCenter for Theoretical Study, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Pruhonice, Czech RepublicCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion EcologyPruhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Robert Tropek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
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Hejda M, Čuda J, Pyšková K, Zambatis G, Foxcroft LC, MacFadyen S, Storch D, Tropek R, Pyšek P. Water availability, bedrock, disturbance by herbivores, and climate determine plant diversity in South-African savanna. Sci Rep 2022; 12:338. [PMID: 35013353 PMCID: PMC8748544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify factors that drive plant species richness in South-African savanna and explore their relative importance, we sampled plant communities across habitats differing in water availability, disturbance, and bedrock, using the Kruger National Park as a model system. We made plant inventories in 60 plots of 50 × 50 m, located in three distinct habitats: (i) at perennial rivers, (ii) at seasonal rivers with water available only during the rainy season, and (iii) on crests, at least ~ 5 km away from any water source. We predicted that large herbivores would utilise seasonal rivers' habitats less intensely than those along perennial rivers where water is available throughout the year, including dry periods. Plots on granite harboured more herbaceous and shrub species than plots on basalt. The dry crests were poorer in herb species than both seasonal and perennial rivers. Seasonal rivers harboured the highest numbers of shrub species, in accordance with the prediction of the highest species richness at relatively low levels of disturbance and low stress from the lack of water. The crests, exposed to relatively low pressure from grazing but stressed by the lack of water, are important from the conservation perspective because they harbour typical, sometimes rare savanna species, and so are seasonal rivers whose shrub richness is stimulated and maintained by the combination of moderate disturbance imposed by herbivores and position in the middle of the water availability gradient. To capture the complexity of determinants of species richness in KNP, we complemented the analysis of the above local factors by exploring large-scale factors related to climate, vegetation productivity, the character of dominant vegetation, and landscape features. The strongest factor was temperature; areas with the highest temperatures reveal lower species richness. Our results also suggest that Colophospermum mopane, a dominant woody species in the north of KNP is not the ultimate cause of the lower plant diversity in this part of the park.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hejda
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Čuda
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Pyšková
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Guin Zambatis
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, 1350, South Africa
| | - Llewellyn C Foxcroft
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, 1350, South Africa.,Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sandra MacFadyen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - David Storch
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic.,Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Tropek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic. .,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Novoa A, Foxcroft LC, Keet JH, Pyšek P, Le Roux JJ. The invasive cactus Opuntia stricta creates fertility islands in African savannas and benefits from those created by native trees. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20748. [PMID: 34675315 PMCID: PMC8531129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The patchy distribution of trees typical of savannas often results in a discontinuous distribution of water, nutrient resources, and microbial communities in soil, commonly referred to as "islands of fertility". We assessed how this phenomenon may affect the establishment and impact of invasive plants, using the invasion of Opuntia stricta in South Africa's Kruger National Park as case study. We established uninvaded and O. stricta-invaded plots under the most common woody tree species in the study area (Vachellia nilotica subsp. kraussiana and Spirostachys africana) and in open patches with no tree cover. We then compared soil characteristics, diversity and composition of the soil bacterial communities, and germination performance of O. stricta and native trees between soils collected in each of the established plots. We found that the presence of native trees and invasive O. stricta increases soil water content and nutrients, and the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities, and alters soil bacterial composition. Moreover, the percentage and speed of germination of O. stricta were higher in soils conditioned by native trees compared to soils collected from open patches. Finally, while S. africana and V. nilotica trees appear to germinate equally well in invaded and uninvaded soils, O. stricta had lower and slower germination in invaded soils, suggesting the potential release of phytochemicals by O. stricta to avoid intraspecific competition. These results suggest that the presence of any tree or shrub in savanna ecosystems, regardless of origin (i.e. native or alien), can create favourable conditions for the establishment and growth of other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Novoa
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic ,grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa ,grid.452736.10000 0001 2166 5237Invasive Species Programme, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa
| | - Llewellyn C. Foxcroft
- grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa ,grid.463628.d0000 0000 9533 5073Scientific Services, South African National Parks, P/Bag X402, Skukuza, 1350 South Africa
| | - Jan-Hendrik Keet
- grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa ,grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Petr Pyšek
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes J. Le Roux
- grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa ,grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa ,grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
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