Pharmacological correction of endothelial dysfunction using ademethionin and taurine

Endothelial dysfunction: developmental mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

Introduction: Every year the importance of the normal functioning of the endothelial layer of the vascular wall in maintaining the health of the body becomes more and more obvious.

The physiological role of the endothelium: The endothelium is a metabolically active organ actively involved in the regulation of hemostasis, modulation of inflammation, maintenance of hemovascular homeostasis, regulation of angiogenesis, vascular tone, and permeability.

Risk factors for the development of endothelial dysfunction: Currently, insufficient bioavailability of nitric oxide is considered the most significant risk factor for endothelial dysfunction.

Mechanisms of development of endothelial dysfunction: The genesis of endothelial dysfunction is a multifactorial process. Among various complex mechanisms, this review examines oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, vitamin D deficiency, dyslipidemia, excess visceral fat, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, as well as primary genetic defect of endotheliocytes, as the most common causes in the population underlying the development of endothelial dysfunction.

Markers of endothelial dysfunction in various diseases: This article discusses the main biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction currently used, as well as promising biomarkers in the future for laboratory diagnosis of this pathology.

Therapeutic strategies: Therapeutic approaches to the endothelium in order to prevent or reduce a degree of damage to the vascular wall are briefly described.

Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction is a typical pathological process involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Thus, pharmacological agents with endothelioprotective properties can provide more therapeutic benefits than a drug without such an effect.

Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Ademetionine, Cytoflavin, and Dihydroquercetetine on Blood Enzymes Activity in Rats Treated with High Doses of Sodium Valproate

We evaluated the protective effect of ademetionine, cytoflavin, and dihydroquercetin on activity of serum enzymes in rats treated with high doses of sodium valproate for 28 days. Ademetionine and cytoflavin produced the greatest protective effect, the effect of dihydroquercetin was less pronounced. In rats treated with ademetionine, AST activity decreased as soon as on day 7 and remained at this level until the end of the experiment; ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transferase activities decreased on days 21 and 28 of the study. Cytoflavin produced similar effects, the effect of dihydroquercetin was observed on days 21 and 28 for AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and on day 28 for γ-glutamyl transferase. These results substantiate the use of hepatoprotective drugs in case of long-term treatment with anticonvulsants in patients with epilepsy.