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Defourneaux É, Herranz M, Armenteros M, Sørensen MV, Norenburg JL, Park T, Worsaae K. Circumtropical distribution and cryptic species of the meiofaunal enteropneust Meioglossus (Harrimaniidae, Hemichordata). Sci Rep 2024; 14:9296. [PMID: 38654022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemichordata has always played a central role in evolutionary studies of Chordata due to their close phylogenetic affinity and shared morphological characteristics. Hemichordates had no meiofaunal representatives until the surprising discovery of a microscopic, paedomorphic enteropneust Meioglossus psammophilus (Harrimaniidae, Hemichordata) from the Caribbean in 2012. No additional species have been described since, questioning the broader distribution and significance of this genus. However, being less than a millimeter long and superficially resembling an early juvenile acorn worm, Meioglossus may easily be overlooked in both macrofauna and meiofauna surveys. We here present the discovery of 11 additional populations of Meioglossus from shallow subtropical and tropical coralline sands of the Caribbean Sea, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and East China Sea. These geographically separated populations show identical morphology but differ genetically. Our phylogenetic reconstructions include four gene markers and support the monophyly of Meioglossus. Species delineation analyses revealed eight new cryptic species, which we herein describe using DNA taxonomy. This study reveals a broad circumtropical distribution, supporting the validity and ecological importance of this enigmatic meiobenthic genus. The high cryptic diversity and apparent morphological stasis of Meioglossus may exemplify a potentially common evolutionary 'dead-end' scenario, where groups with highly miniaturized and simplified body plan lose their ability to diversify morphologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éloïse Defourneaux
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Herranz
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Superior School of Experimental Science and Technology (ESCET), Rey Juan Carlos University, C/ Tulipán S/N, 28933, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maickel Armenteros
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Joel Montes Camarena S/N, 82040, Mazatlán, México
| | - Martin V Sørensen
- Natural History Museum Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon L Norenburg
- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Taeseo Park
- Species Diversity Research Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Hwangyeong-Ro 42, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Katrine Worsaae
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Cheng R, Luo A, Orr M, Ge D, Hou Z, Qu Y, Guo B, Zhang F, Sha Z, Zhao Z, Wang M, Shi X, Han H, Zhou Q, Li Y, Liu X, Shao C, Zhang A, Zhou X, Zhu C. Cryptic diversity begets challenges and opportunities in biodiversity research. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 38263700 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
How many species of life are there on Earth? This is a question that we want to know but cannot yet answer. Some scholars speculate that the number of species may reach 2.2 billion when considering cryptic diversity and that each morphology-based insect species may contain an average of 3.1 cryptic species. With nearly two million described species, such high estimates of cryptic diversity would suggest that cryptic species are widespread. The development of molecular species delimitation has led to the discovery of a large number of cryptic species, and cryptic biodiversity has gradually entered our field of vision and attracted more attention. This paper introduces the concept of cryptic species, how they evolve, and methods by which they may be discovered and confirmed, and provides theoretical and methodological guidance for the study of hidden species. A workflow of how to confirm cryptic species is provided. In addition, the importance and reliability of multi-evidence-based integrated taxonomy are reaffirmed as a way to better standardize decision-making processes. Special focus on cryptic diversity and increased funding for taxonomy is needed to ensure that cryptic species in hyperdiverse groups are discoverable and described. An increased focus on cryptic species in the future will naturally arise as more difficult groups are studied, and thereby, we may finally better understand the rules governing the evolution and maintenance of cryptic biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Arong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Orr
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Entomologie, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Deyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong'e Hou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baocheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongli Sha
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanning Li
- Institute of Oceanography, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aibing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaodong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences/International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Höcherl A, Shaw MR, Boudreault C, Rabl D, Haszprunar G, Raupach MJ, Schmidt S, Baranov V, Fernández-Triana J. Scratching the tip of the iceberg: integrative taxonomy reveals 30 new species records of Microgastrinae (Braconidae) parasitoid wasps for Germany, including new Holarctic distributions. Zookeys 2024; 1188:305-386. [PMID: 38250474 PMCID: PMC10797786 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1188.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Substantial parts of the European and German insect fauna still remain largely unexplored, the so-called "dark taxa". In particular, midges (Diptera) and parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) are abundant and species-rich throughout Europe, yet are often neglected in biodiversity research. One such dark taxon is Microgastrinae wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a group of parasitoids of lepidopteran caterpillars with 252 species reported in Germany so far. As part of the German Barcode of Life Project GBOL III: Dark Taxa, reverse DNA barcoding and integrative taxonomic approaches were used to shed some light on the German Fauna of Microgastrinae wasps. In our workflow, DNA barcoding was used for molecular clustering of our specimens in a first step, morphological examination of the voucher specimens in a second step, and host data compared in a third step. Here, 30 species are reported for the first time in Germany, adding more than 10% to the known German fauna. Information for four species is provided in a new Holarctic context, reporting them for the Nearctic or, respectively, Palaearctic region, and 26 additional country records are added from sequenced material available in the collections accessible to us. Molecular clusters that show signs of discrepancies are discussed. Results show that we are just scratching the tip of the iceberg of the unexplored Microgastrinae diversity in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Höcherl
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, GermanySNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung MünchenMünchenGermany
| | - Mark R. Shaw
- National Museums of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UKNational Museums of ScotlandEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Caroline Boudreault
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, K1A0C6, CanadaCanadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and NematodesOttawaCanada
| | - Dominik Rabl
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, Würzburg, 96181 Rauhenebrach, GermanyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Gerhard Haszprunar
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Großhaderner Str. 2, Martinsried, 82152 Planegg, GermanyLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlaneggGermany
| | - Michael J. Raupach
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, GermanySNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung MünchenMünchenGermany
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, GermanySNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung MünchenMünchenGermany
| | - Viktor Baranov
- Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC/Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Seville, SpainEstación Biológica de Doñana-CSICSevilleSpain
| | - José Fernández-Triana
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, K1A0C6, CanadaCanadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and NematodesOttawaCanada
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4
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Hübner JJ, Chemyreva V. Review of German Spilomicrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae, Spilomicrini). Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e114515. [PMID: 38230309 PMCID: PMC10790369 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e114515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study provides an integrative taxonomy-based review for the genus Spilomicrus Westwood in Germany using DNA barcoding and classic morphology. New information Spilomicrussimplex Tomsik, 1947 is placed in synonymy with S.antennatus Jurine, 1807; Spilomicrusthomsoni Kieffer, 1911 is removed from synonymy with S.hemipterus Marshall, 1868. A lectotype is designated for Spilomicrusnigripes Thomson, 1858. Newly recorded for Germany are the following species: S.thomsoni Kieffer, 1911, S.crassiclavis Marshall, 1868, S.lusitanicus Kieffer, 1910 and S.diversus Chemyreva, 2021. Three species, Spilomicrusbrevimalaris sp. nov., S.flavecorpus sp. nov. and S.politus sp. nov. are described as new to science. The 23 DNA-barcodes with species identification present a substantial addition over the previous German checklist. This study aims to update the number of nationwide known Spilomicrus species from fifteen to twenty. Furthermore, a new key to identify all European Spilomicrus species is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Joshua Hübner
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Munich, GermanyZoologische Staatssammlung MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Vasilisa Chemyreva
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, RussiaZoological Institute, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. PetersburgRussia
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5
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Ratnasingham S, Wei C, Chan D, Agda J, Agda J, Ballesteros-Mejia L, Boutou HA, El Bastami ZM, Ma E, Manjunath R, Rea D, Ho C, Telfer A, McKeowan J, Rahulan M, Steinke C, Dorsheimer J, Milton M, Hebert PDN. BOLD v4: A Centralized Bioinformatics Platform for DNA-Based Biodiversity Data. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2744:403-441. [PMID: 38683334 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3581-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BOLD, the Barcode of Life Data System, supports the acquisition, storage, validation, analysis, and publication of DNA barcodes, activities requiring the integration of molecular, morphological, and distributional data. Its pivotal role in curating the reference library of DNA barcodes, coupled with its data management and analysis capabilities, makes it a central resource for biodiversity science. It enables rapid, accurate identification of specimens and also reveals patterns of genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships among taxa.Launched in 2005, BOLD has become an increasingly powerful tool for advancing the understanding of planetary biodiversity. It currently hosts 17 million specimen records and 14 million barcodes that provide coverage for more than a million species from every continent and ocean. The platform has the long-term goal of providing a consistent, accurate system for identifying all species of eukaryotes.BOLD's integrated analytical tools, full data lifecycle support, and secure collaboration framework distinguish it from other biodiversity platforms. BOLD v4 brought enhanced data management and analysis capabilities as well as novel functionality for data dissemination and publication. Its next version will include features to strengthen its utility to the research community, governments, industry, and society-at-large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Wei
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Dean Chan
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jireh Agda
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Josh Agda
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Hamza Ait Boutou
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Eddie Ma
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ramya Manjunath
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Dana Rea
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Chris Ho
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Telfer
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jaclyn McKeowan
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Miduna Rahulan
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia Steinke
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Dorsheimer
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Milton
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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6
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Fernandez-Triana JL, Shimbori EM, Whitfield JB, Penteado-Dias AM, Shaw SR, Boudreault C, Sones J, Perez K, Brown A, Manjunath R, Burns JM, Hebert PDN, Smith MA, Hallwachs W, Janzen DH. A revision of the parasitoid wasp genus Alphomelon Mason with the description of 30 new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Zookeys 2023; 1175:5-162. [PMID: 37636532 PMCID: PMC10448698 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1175.105068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The parasitoid wasp genus Alphomelon Mason, 1981 is revised, based on a combination of basic morphology (dichotomous key and brief diagnostic descriptions), DNA barcoding, biology (host data and wasp cocoons), and distribution data. A total of 49 species is considered; the genus is almost entirely Neotropical (48 species recorded from that region), but three species reach the Nearctic, with one of them extending as far north as 45° N in Canada. Alphomelon parasitizes exclusively Hesperiinae caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), mostly feeding on monocots in the families Arecaceae, Bromeliaceae, Cannaceae, Commelinaceae, Heliconiaceae, and Poaceae. Most wasp species parasitize either on one or very few (2-4) host species, usually within one or two hesperiine genera; but some species can parasitize several hosts from up to nine different hesperiine genera. Among species with available data for their cocoons, roughly half weave solitary cocoons (16) and half are gregarious (17); cocoons tend to be surrounded by a rather distinctive, coarse silk (especially in solitary species, but also distinguishable in some gregarious species). Neither morphology nor DNA barcoding alone was sufficient on its own to delimit all species properly; by integrating all available evidence (even if incomplete, as available data for every species is different) a foundation is provided for future studies incorporating more specimens, especially from South America. The following 30 new species are described: cruzi, itatiaiensis, and palomae, authored by Shimbori & Fernandez-Triana; and adrianguadamuzi, amazonas, andydeansi, calixtomoragai, carolinacanoae, christerhanssoni, diniamartinezae, duvalierbricenoi, eldaarayae, eliethcantillanoae, gloriasihezarae, guillermopereirai, hazelcambroneroae, josecortesi, keineraragoni, luciarosae, manuelriosi, mikesharkeyi, osvaldoespinozai, paramelanoscelis, paranigriceps, petronariosae, ricardocaleroi, rigoi, rostermoragai, sergioriosi, and yanayacu, authored by Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Fernandez-Triana
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, K1A0C6, Canada
| | - Eduardo M. Shimbori
- Colección Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito, S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | - Scott R. Shaw
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA
| | - Caroline Boudreault
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, K1A0C6, Canada
| | - Jayme Sones
- Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Kate Perez
- Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Allison Brown
- Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Ramya Manjunath
- Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - John M. Burns
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA
| | - P. D. N. Hebert
- Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - M. Alex Smith
- Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Rheindt FE, Bouchard P, Pyle RL, Welter-Schultes F, Aescht E, Ahyong ST, Ballerio A, Bourgoin T, Ceríaco LMP, Dmitriev D, Evenhuis N, Grygier MJ, Harvey MS, Kottelat M, Kluge N, Krell FT, Kojima JI, Kullander SO, Lucinda P, Lyal CHC, Scioscia CL, Whitmore D, Yanega D, Zhang ZQ, Zhou HZ, Pape T. Tightening the requirements for species diagnoses would help integrate DNA-based descriptions in taxonomic practice. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002251. [PMID: 37607211 PMCID: PMC10443861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern advances in DNA sequencing hold the promise of facilitating descriptions of new organisms at ever finer precision but have come with challenges as the major Codes of bionomenclature contain poorly defined requirements for species and subspecies diagnoses (henceforth, species diagnoses), which is particularly problematic for DNA-based taxonomy. We, the commissioners of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, advocate a tightening of the definition of "species diagnosis" in future editions of Codes of bionomenclature, for example, through the introduction of requirements for specific information on the character states of differentiating traits in comparison with similar species. Such new provisions would enhance taxonomic standards and ensure that all diagnoses, including DNA-based ones, contain adequate taxonomic context. Our recommendations are intended to spur discussion among biologists, as broad community consensus is critical ahead of the implementation of new editions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and other Codes of bionomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E. Rheindt
- National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, Singapore
| | - Patrice Bouchard
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard L. Pyle
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Francisco Welter-Schultes
- Abteilung Evolution und Biodiversität der Tiere und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Erna Aescht
- Biology Centre of the Upper Austrian Museum, Linz, Austria
| | - Shane T. Ahyong
- Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | | | - Thierry Bourgoin
- Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université-EPHE- Université des Antilles, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Luis M. P. Ceríaco
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dmitry Dmitriev
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Neal Evenhuis
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Grygier
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Taiwan
| | - Mark S. Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool DC, Australia
| | | | - Nikita Kluge
- Department of Entomology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Frank-T. Krell
- Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jun-ichi Kojima
- Natural History Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Japan
| | - Sven O. Kullander
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo Lucinda
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Sistemática, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Luisa Scioscia
- Arachnology Division, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Whitmore
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Douglas Yanega
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hong-Zhang Zhou
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Thomas Pape
- Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Huber JT, Bolte K, Read JD. The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head. Zootaxa 2023; 5273:1-100. [PMID: 37518102 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This is the first in a series of studies that aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera), a monophyletic family of small parasitic wasps that are postulated as the sister group of other Chalcidoidea. The external cranial morphology of 65-75 genera and subgenera of Mymaridae (fairyflies) is described and illustrated with almost 430 scanning electron micrographs, including 73 micrographs of the anterior, 68 of the posterior, 75 of the dorsal, 75 of the lateral, and 67 of the ventral views of the head, plus 71 micrographs of the ventral view of the mouthparts. Twenty-one annotated figures illustrate the terms used for morphological structures. Two appendices list the 64 morphological terms and 5 measurements that are defined and illustrated, and the 116 currently recognized valid genera and subgenera of Mymaridae, including collection localities for those that are illustrated. Discussion of head morphology characteristic of Mymaridae is preceded by an overview that includes discussion of best practices for taxonomic descriptions and why these and accurate identifications require well preserved and imaged specimens. Aspects of intraspecific variation, colour, secondary sexual dimorphism, setation (chaetotaxy), surface sculpture and morphometrics are also treated as all of these are often important for describing and distinguishing species. Many of the features illustrated have not previously been used in Mymaridae systematics but may prove to be useful for helping to identify and describe genera and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Huber
- Natural Resources Canada c/o Canadian National Collection of Insects; Arachnids and Nematodes; K.W. Neatby Building; 960 Carling Ave.; Ottawa; ON; K1A 0C6; Canada.
| | - Klaus Bolte
- Natural Resources Canada c/o Canadian National Collection of Insects; Arachnids and Nematodes; K.W. Neatby Building; 960 Carling Ave.; Ottawa; ON; K1A 0C6; Canada.
| | - Jennifer D Read
- Natural Resources Canada c/o Canadian National Collection of Insects; Arachnids and Nematodes; K.W. Neatby Building; 960 Carling Ave.; Ottawa; ON; K1A 0C6; Canada.
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Chua PYS, Bourlat SJ, Ferguson C, Korlevic P, Zhao L, Ekrem T, Meier R, Lawniczak MKN. Future of DNA-based insect monitoring. Trends Genet 2023:S0168-9525(23)00038-0. [PMID: 36907721 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Insects are crucial for ecosystem health but climate change and pesticide use are driving massive insect decline. To mitigate this loss, we need new and effective monitoring techniques. Over the past decade there has been a shift to DNA-based techniques. We describe key emerging techniques for sample collection. We suggest that the selection of tools should be broadened, and that DNA-based insect monitoring data need to be integrated more rapidly into policymaking. We argue that there are four key areas for advancement, including the generation of more complete DNA barcode databases to interpret molecular data, standardisation of molecular methods, scaling up of monitoring efforts, and integrating molecular tools with other technologies that allow continuous, passive monitoring based on images and/or laser imaging, detection, and ranging (LIDAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Physilia Y S Chua
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sarah J Bourlat
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cameron Ferguson
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Petra Korlevic
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leia Zhao
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Torbjørn Ekrem
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Museum für Naturkunde, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mara K N Lawniczak
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Mammola S, Viel N, Amiar D, Mani A, Hervé C, Heard SB, Fontaneto D, Pétillon J. Taxonomic practice, creativity and fashion: what’s in a spider name? Zool J Linn Soc 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
There is a secret pleasure in naming new species. Besides traditional etymologies recalling the sampling locality, habitat or morphology of the species, names may be tributes to some meaningful person, pop culture references and even exercises of enigmatography. Using a dataset of 48 464 spider etymologies, we tested the hypothesis that species names given by taxonomists are deeply influenced by their cultural background. Specifically, we asked whether naming practices change through space or have changed through time. In absolute terms, etymologies referring to morphology were the most frequently used. In relative terms, references to morphology peaked in 1850–1900 and then began to decline, with a parallel increase in etymologies dedicated to people and geography. We also observed a dramatic increase in etymologies referring to pop culture and other cultural aspects in 2000–2020, especially in Europe and the Americas. While such fashionable names often carry no biological information regarding the species itself, they help give visibility to taxonomy, a discipline currently facing a profound crisis in academia. Taxonomy is among the most unchanged disciplines across the last centuries in terms of tools, rules and writing style. Yet, our analysis suggests that taxonomists remain deeply influenced by their living time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki , Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki 00100 , Finland
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR) , Corso Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania Pallanza , Italy
| | - Nathan Viel
- UMR 65532 CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), Université de Rennes , F-35000, Rennes , France
| | - Dylan Amiar
- UMR 65532 CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), Université de Rennes , F-35000, Rennes , France
| | - Atishya Mani
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick , Fredericton , NB Canada E3B 5A3
| | - Christophe Hervé
- Muséum d‘Histoire Naturelle de Paris , 45 Rue de Buffon, 75005 Paris , France
| | - Stephen B Heard
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick , Fredericton , NB Canada E3B 5A3
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR) , Corso Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania Pallanza , Italy
| | - Julien Pétillon
- UMR 65532 CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), Université de Rennes , F-35000, Rennes , France
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University , Port Elizabeth 6001 , South Africa
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11
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Schütte A, Stüben PE, Astrin JJ. Molecular Weevil Identification Project: A thoroughly curated barcode release of 1300 Western Palearctic weevil species (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e96438. [PMID: 38357418 PMCID: PMC10865102 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e96438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Molecular Weevil Identification project (MWI) studies the systematics of Western Palearctic weevils (superfamily Curculionoidea) in an integrative taxonomic approach of DNA barcoding, morphology and ecology. This barcode release provides almost 3600 curated CO1 sequences linked to morphological vouchers in about 1300 weevil species. The dataset is presented in statistical distance tables and as a Neighbour-Joining tree. Bayesian Inference trees are computed for the subfamilies Cryptorhynchinae, Apioninae and Ceutorhynchinae. Altogether, 18 unresolved taxonomic issues are discussed. A new barcode primer set is presented. Finally, we establish group-specific genetic distances for many weevil genera to serve as a tool in species delineation. These values are statistically based on distances between "good species" and their congeners. With this morphologically calibrated approach, we could resolve most alpha-taxonomic questions within the MWI project.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schütte
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn Germany
| | - Peter E Stüben
- Curculio Institute, Mönchengladbach, Germany Curculio Institute Mönchengladbach Germany
| | - Jonas J Astrin
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn Germany
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12
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Revealing the diversity of the green Eulalia (Annelida, Phyllodocidae) species complex along the European coast, with description of three new species. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-022-00597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Zamani A, Dal Pos D, Fric ZF, Orfinger AB, Scherz MD, Bartoňová AS, Gante HF. The future of zoological taxonomy is integrative, not minimalist. SYST BIODIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2063964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zamani
- Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Davide Dal Pos
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra dr. Rm 442, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Zdenek Faltýnek Fric
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander B. Orfinger
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Center for Water Resources, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA
| | - Mark D. Scherz
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Alena Sucháčková Bartoňová
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Hugo F. Gante
- cE3c—Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Section Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Charles Deberiotstraat 32 box 2439, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 17, Tervuren, 3080, Belgium
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14
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Ranasinghe UGSL, Eberle J, Thormann J, Bohacz C, Benjamin SP, Ahrens D. Multiple species delimitation approaches with
COI
barcodes poorly fit each other and morphospecies – An integrative taxonomy case of Sri Lankan Sericini chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8942. [PMID: 35600695 PMCID: PMC9120212 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA taxonomy including barcoding and metabarcoding is widely used to explore the diversity in biodiversity hotspots. In most of these hotspot areas, chafers are represented by a multitude of species, which are well defined by the complex shape of male genitalia. Here, we explore how well COI barcode data reflect morphological species entities and thus their usability for accelerated species inventorization. We conducted dedicated field surveys in Sri Lanka to collect the species‐rich and highly endemic Sericini chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Congruence among results of a series of protocols for de novo species delimitation and with morphology‐based species identifications was investigated. Different delimitation methods, such as the Poisson tree processes (PTP) model, Statistical Parsimony Analysis (TCS), Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), and Barcode Index Number (BIN) assignments, resulted in different numbers of molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). All methods showed both over‐splitting and lumping of morphologically identified species. Only 18 of the observed 45 morphospecies perfectly matched MOTUs from all methods. The congruence of delimitation between MOTUs and morphospecies expressed by the match ratio was low, ranging from 0.57 to 0.67. TCS and multirate PTP (mPTP) showed the highest match ratio, while (BIN) assignment resulted in the lowest match ratio and most splitting events. mPTP lumped more species than any other method. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on a match ratio‐based distance matrix revealed incongruent outcomes of multiple DNA delimitation methods, although applied to the same data. Our results confirm that COI barcode data alone are unlikely to correctly delimit all species, in particular, when using only a single delimitation approach. We encourage the integration of various approaches and data, particularly morphology, to validate species boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Eberle
- Zoological Research Museum A. Koenig Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
- University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Jana Thormann
- Zoological Research Museum A. Koenig Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
| | - Claudia Bohacz
- Zoological Research Museum A. Koenig Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
| | - Suresh P. Benjamin
- Zoological Research Museum A. Koenig Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies Kandy Sri Lanka
| | - Dirk Ahrens
- Zoological Research Museum A. Koenig Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
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