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Seesamut T, Oba Y, Jirapatrasilp P, Martinsson S, Lindström M, Erséus C, Panha S. Global species delimitation of the cosmopolitan marine littoral earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855). Sci Rep 2024; 14:1753. [PMID: 38243053 PMCID: PMC10799051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The marine littoral earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) is widely distributed and is reported as a single species. This study utilized an integrative taxonomic approach based upon morphological examination, phylogenetic reconstruction, and molecular species delimitation, to test whether the taxon is a single species or a species complex. For this, a total of 114 P. litoralis specimens collected from North America, Africa, Australia and Oceania, Europe and Asia were used. The phylogenetic analyses revealed deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages and a high level of genetic diversity among P. litoralis populations. Both single and multi-locus species delimitation analyses yielded several molecular operational taxonomic units. Therefore, due to the homogeneity of morphological characteristics, it is likely that the morphospecies P. litoralis is a complex of four or more cryptic species, suggesting that more sampling is required and that the population structure genetic data and gene flow need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapong Seesamut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Yuichi Oba
- Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Parin Jirapatrasilp
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Svante Martinsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christer Erséus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Somsak Panha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand.
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Nardi D, Pantini P, Rizzo P, Trespidi G, Turetta A, Barbieri G, Ballarin F. A comprehensive update on the morphology and distribution of the invasive scaffold-web spider Eidmannella pallida (Araneae, Nesticidae) with a focus on new records from Italy. Zootaxa 2023; 5351:221-264. [PMID: 38221491 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Updated non-native distributional data of the invasive spider Eidmannella pallida (Emerton, 1875), Nesticidae, are herein summarized together with the morphological characters of the species. We report all the known localities from the literature. Furthermore, we present and discuss recent findings for the Italian peninsula. In particular, the species has been consistently found in vineyards and annual crop fields in North Italy and in olive groves in South Italy. We include a redescription of the species, and detailed illustrations of the diagnostic characters of both males and females, based on stereomicroscope and SEM images. The spreading potential of the species and its possible impacts on local communities are discussed. Our data suggest that E. pallida has high invasiveness potential and several new findings in non-native areas were recorded in the last years. We found that E. pallida can establish permanent populations in crop-dominated landscapes and has a tendency to exploit vulnerable ecosystems such as the subterranean environment. We thus recommend new and more comprehensive studies on this species to investigate in deeper detail its phylogeny, ecology, and micro-habitat preferences. A high effort should be placed to assess the potential negative effects of E. pallida on the endemic fauna in invaded areas, especially in caves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Nardi
- DAFNAE; University of Padova; Viale dellUniversit 16; 35020 Legnaro; Padova; Italy.
| | - Paolo Pantini
- Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali E. Caf of Bergamo; Piazza Cittadella 10; I-24129 Bergamo; Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia; Ecologia e Scienze della Terra; Universit della Calabria; Via P. Bucci 4B 87036; Rende (CS); Italy.
| | - Giacomo Trespidi
- DAFNAE; University of Padova; Viale dellUniversit 16; 35020 Legnaro; Padova; Italy.
| | - Alessandra Turetta
- DAFNAE; University of Padova; Viale dellUniversit 16; 35020 Legnaro; Padova; Italy.
| | - Giacomo Barbieri
- World Biodiversity Association Onlus; c/o Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Lungadige; Porta Vittoria 9;37129 Verona; Italy; Department of Chemistry; Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability; University of Parma;Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a; 43124 Parma; Italy.
| | - Francesco Ballarin
- Systematic Zoology Laboratory; Department of Biological Sciences; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa; Hachioji-shi; 192-0397; Tokyo; Japan; Department of Zoology; Museo di Storia Naturale of Verona; Lungadige Porta Vittoria; 9; I-37129 Verona; Italy.
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