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Bernegossi AM, Galindo DJ, Peres PHF, Vozdova M, Cernohorska H, Kubickova S, Kadlcikova D, Rubes J, Duarte JMB. Comparative karyotype analysis of the red brocket deer (M. americana sensu lato and M. rufa) complex: evidence of drastic chromosomal evolution and implications on speciation process. J Appl Genet 2024; 65:601-614. [PMID: 38662189 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements are often associated with playing a role in the speciation process. However, the underlying mechanism that favors the genetic isolation associated with chromosomal changes remains elusive. In this sense, the genus Mazama is recognized by its high level of karyotype diversity among species with similar morphology. A cryptic species complex has been identified within the genus, with the red brocket deer (Mazama americana and Mazama rufa) being the most impressive example. The chromosome variation was clustered in cytotypes with diploid numbers ranging from 42 to 53 and was correlated with geographical location. We conducted an analysis of chromosome evolution of the red brocket deer complex using comparative chromosome painting and Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones among different cytotypes. The aim was to deepen our understanding of the karyotypic relationships within the red brocket, thereby elucidating the significant chromosome variation among closely related species. This underscores the significance of chromosome changes as a key evolutionary process shaping their genomes. The results revealed the presence of three distinct cytogenetic lineages characterized by significant karyotypic divergence, suggesting the existence of efficient post-zygotic barriers. Tandem fusions constitute the main mechanism driving karyotype evolution, following a few centric fusions, inversion X-autosomal fusions. The BAC mapping has improved our comprehension of the karyotypic relationships within the red brocket deer complex, prompting questions regarding the role of these changes in the speciation process. We propose the red brocket as a model group to investigate how chromosomal changes contribute to isolation and explore the implications of these changes in taxonomy and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agda Maria Bernegossi
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - David Javier Galindo
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, San Borja, 15021, Lima, Peru.
| | - Pedro Henrique Faria Peres
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Halina Cernohorska
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Kadlcikova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - José Maurício Barbanti Duarte
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Sandoval EDP, Vacari GQ, Juliá JP, González S, Vozdova M, Cernohorska H, Kubickova S, Kalthoff DC, Duarte JMB. Assessing the Taxonomic Status of the Gray Brocket Mazama simplicicornis argentina Lönnberg, 1919 (Artiodactyla: Cervidae). Zool Stud 2023; 62:e30. [PMID: 37671175 PMCID: PMC10475465 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2023.62-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Mazama simplicicornis argentina is the name that was given to describe a gray brocket collected by Lönberg in 1919 in the central Chaco region of Argentina. Subsequent authors, based on morphological similarities, considered this name to be a synonym for the species Subulo gouazoubira Fischer, 1814 from Paraguay. In the absence of genetic analyses to compare the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets, we aimed to clarify the taxonomy of M. simplicicornis argentina through an integrative assessment using morphological, cytogenetical, and molecular data from its holotype and a current topotype. Qualitative skull features and cranio-morphometric results of M. simplicicornis argentina showed a great similarity with the S. gouazoubira neotype characters. The diploid chromosome number of M. simplicicornis argentina topotype corresponded with the karyotypical pattern of S. gouazoubira with 2n = 70 and FN = 70, showing a great similarity in all classic and molecular cytogenetic results and revealing the homologies between karyotypes. The phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genes used in this study (concatenated partial ND5 and Cytb gene) allocated the M. simplicicornis argentina specimens in the monophyletic clade of S. gouazoubira with a branch value of 100%. These results show that there is no discontinuity between the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets. Therefore, the individuals originally described as M. simplicicornis argentina should be recognized as S. gouazoubira.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eluzai Dinai Pinto Sandoval
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. E-mail: (Duarte); (Sandoval); (Vacari)
| | - Gabrielle Queiroz Vacari
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. E-mail: (Duarte); (Sandoval); (Vacari)
| | - Juan Pablo Juliá
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina. E-mail: (Juliá)
| | - Susana González
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay. E-mail: (González)
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: (Vozdova); (Cernohorska); (Kubickova)
| | - Halina Cernohorska
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: (Vozdova); (Cernohorska); (Kubickova)
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: (Vozdova); (Cernohorska); (Kubickova)
| | - Daniela C Kalthoff
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: (Kalthoff)
| | - José Mauricio Barbanti Duarte
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. E-mail: (Duarte); (Sandoval); (Vacari)
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Morales-Donoso JA, Vacari GQ, Bernegossi AM, Sandoval EDP, Peres PHF, Galindo DJ, de Thoisy B, Vozdova M, Kubickova S, Barbanti Duarte JM. Revalidation of Passalites Gloger, 1841 for the Amazon brown brocket deer P.nemorivagus (Cuvier, 1817) (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Cervidae). Zookeys 2023; 1167:241-264. [PMID: 37388777 PMCID: PMC10300653 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1167.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mazamanemorivaga (Cuvier, 1817) is a gray brocket deer that inhabits the Amazon region. An assessment of previous studies revealed inconsistencies in its current taxonomic classification, suggesting the need for an update in its genus classification. A taxonomic repositioning of this species is proposed through the collection of a specimen from its type locality (French Guiana) with subsequent morphological (coloring pattern, body measurements, and craniometry), cytogenetics (G Band, C Band, conventional Giemsa, Ag-NOR staining, and BAC probe mapping), and molecular phylogenetic analysis (mitochondrial genes Cyt B of 920 bp, COI I of 658 bp, D-loop 610 bp), and comparisons with other specimens of the same taxon, as well as other Neotropical deer species. The morphological and cytogenetic differences between this and other Neotropical Cervidae confirm the taxon as a unique and valid species. The phylogenetic analysis evidenced the basal position of the M.nemorivaga specimens within the Blastocerina clade. This shows early diversification and wide divergence from the other species, suggesting that the taxon should be transferred to a different genus. A taxonomic update of the genus name is proposed through the validation of Passalites Gloger, 1841, with Passalitesnemorivagus (Cuvier, 1817) as the type species. Future research should focus on evaluating the potential existence of other species within the genus Passalites, as suggested in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alfonso Morales-Donoso
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil
| | - Gabrielle Queiroz Vacari
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil
| | - Agda Maria Bernegossi
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil
| | - Eluzai Dinai Pinto Sandoval
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Faria Peres
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil
| | - David Javier Galindo
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marco, San Borja, Lima, PeruUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcoLimaPeru
| | | | - Miluse Vozdova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech RepublicCentral European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech RepublicCentral European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - José Mauricio Barbanti Duarte
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil
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Escobedo-Morales LA, León-Paniagua L, Martínez-Meyer E, Mandujano S. Reevaluation of the status of the Central American brocket deer Mazama temama (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) subspecies based on morphological and environmental evidence. J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The Central American brocket deer (Mazama temama) is widespread across the Mesoamerican forests, yet it remains largely unknown. Three subspecies are recognized currently within M. temama using pelage coloration as the primary diagnostic character. However, it remains unclear if there is any pattern of morphological variation throughout its distribution. We compared two models of morphological subdivision, namely the traditional subspecies and another based on biogeographic provinces via 2D geometric morphometrics and ecological niche modeling. The second model presented a better fit to the observed variation in cranial shape and size. We found divergence in skull size between individuals from Mexico and Guatemala (northern group) relative to specimens from Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama (southern group), the latter being 8% larger than the northern group. Centroid size showed a significant correlation with geographic distance suggesting an isolation-by-distance pattern. Low geographical overlap between the two clusters suggests niche conservatism. Late Pleistocene dispersal from South to Central America and differences in available resources with subsequent isolation due to climatic barriers therefore may have promoted differentiation in size albeit without extensive changes in shape. In this context, the Motagua-Polochic-Jolotán fault system probably plays a key role in promoting morphological differentiation by climatic isolation. Finally, we suggest that M. t. temama (Kerr, 1792) and M. t. reperticia Goldman, 1913 should remain as valid names for the two morphological and ecologically differentiated groups detected here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Escobedo-Morales
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Edificio D, Primer piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Apartado Postal 70-153, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510 , Mexico
| | - Livia León-Paniagua
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera,” Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510 , Mexico
| | - Enrique Martínez-Meyer
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510 , Mexico
| | - Salvador Mandujano
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología , A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa 91070 , Mexico
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Bernegossi AM, Borges CHDS, Sandoval EDP, Cartes JL, Cernohorska H, Kubickova S, Vozdova M, Caparroz R, González S, Duarte JMB. Resurrection of the genus Subulo Smith, 1827 for the gray brocket deer, with designation of a neotype. J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The gray brocket deer, Mazama gouazoubiraG. Fischer, 1814, occurs in South America and presents an extensive degree of morphological and genetic variability. Previous phylogenetic research showed that the genus Mazama is polyphyletic and imposed the designation of a different genus-group name for M. gouazoubira. We aimed to review and clarify the taxonomy of M. gouazoubira through the proposal of updating the nomenclature for this taxon and by the characterization of specimens collected close to the original type locality (topotypes). The topotypes were characterized by morphological (general characterization and morphometry), cytogenetic (conventional staining, Ag-NOR, G- and C-banding, and fluorescence in situ hybridization), and phylogenetic (mitogenomes) approaches. We revealed chromosome homologies between cattle and M. gouazoubira using an entire set of cattle whole chromosome painting probes and propose an updated G-band idiogram for the species. The morphometric analysis did not discriminate the individuals of M. gouazoubira, including the topotypes, from other small brocket deer species. However, the phylogenetic analysis, based on a Bayesian inference tree of the mitogenomes, confirmed the polyphyly of the genus Mazama and supported the need to change the gray brocket deer genus-group name. Based on our revision, we validated the genus SubuloSmith, 1827, and fixed a type species for the genus. In the absence of the holotype, we denominated a neotype described by the collection of a male topotype in Paraguay. The nomenclature rearrangement presented here is a starting point that will assist in the taxonomic resolution of Neotropical deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agda Maria Bernegossi
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) , Jaboticabal , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carolina Heloisa de Souza Borges
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) , Jaboticabal , São Paulo , Brazil
- Centro de Aquicultura da Unesp (CAUNESP) , Jaboticabal , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Eluzai Dinai Pinto Sandoval
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) , Jaboticabal , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - José Luis Cartes
- Guyra Paraguay, Avda Cnel Bóveda , Parque del Río, Viñas Cue, Asunción , Paraguay
| | - Halina Cernohorska
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Renato Caparroz
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Susana González
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable , Montevidéo , Uruguay
| | - José Maurício Barbanti Duarte
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) , Jaboticabal, São Paulo , Brazil
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Bernegossi AM, Vozdova M, Cernohorska H, Kubickova S, Galindo DJ, Kadlcikova D, Rubes J, Duarte JMB. Cytogenetic Mapping of Cattle BAC Probes for the Hypothetical Ancestral Karyotype of the Family Cervidae. Cytogenet Genome Res 2022; 162:140-147. [PMID: 35981520 DOI: 10.1159/000525592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervids are characterized by their greatest karyotypic diversity among mammals. A great diversity of chromosome numbers in notably similar morphological groups leads to the existence of several complexes of cryptic species and taxonomic uncertainties. Some deer lineages, such as those of Neotropical deer, stand out for a rapid chromosomal reorganization and intraspecific chromosome polymorphisms, which have not been properly explored yet. For that reason, we contribute to the study of deer karyotype diversity and taxonomy by producing and characterizing new molecular cytogenetic markers for the gray brocket deer (Subulo gouazoubira), a deer species that retained the hypothetical ancestral karyotype of Cervidae. We used bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones derived from the cattle genome (Bos taurus) as markers, which were hybridized on S. gouazoubira metaphase chromosomes. In total, we mapped 108 markers, encompassing all gray brocket deer chromosomes, except the Y chromosome. The detailed analysis of fluorescent in situ hybridization results showed 6 fissions and 1 fusion as interchromosomal rearrangements that have separated cattle and gray brocket deer karyotypes. Each group of BAC probes derived from bovine chromosome pairs 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9 showed hybridization signals on 2 different chromosomes, while pairs 28 and 26 are fused in tandem in a single acrocentric chromosome in S. gouazoubira. Furthermore, the BAC markers detected the occurrence of intrachromosomal rearrangements in the S. gouazoubira chromosomes homologous to pair 1 and the X chromosome of cattle. We present a karyotypic map of the 108 new markers, which will be of great importance for future karyotypic evolution studies in cervids and, consequently, help in their conservation and taxonomy resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agda Maria Bernegossi
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil,
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Halina Cernohorska
- Veterinary Research Institute, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - David Javier Galindo
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Dita Kadlcikova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Veterinary Research Institute, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - José Maurício Barbanti Duarte
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Ramírez-Chaves H, Morales-Martínez DM, Rodríguez-Posada ME, Suárez-Castro AF. Checklist of the mammals (Mammalia) of Colombia. MAMMALOGY NOTES 2022. [DOI: 10.47603/mano.v7n2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
La actualización de la lista de especies presentes en un país es una tarea continua que llena vacíos de información y apoya la toma de decisiones. En los últimos cinco años, ha habido un aumento del número de especies de mamíferos descritas como nuevas en Colombia, así como primeros registros y cambios taxonómicos. Con el fin de actualizar la información de las especies de mamíferos de Colombia, realizamos una revisión exhaustiva de los cambios taxonómicos de las 528 especies registradas en listas previas. Agregamos nuevas especies descritas, así como nuevos registros de especies ya descritas. Discutimos especies cuya presencia ha sido sugerida recientemente en Colombia, pero que no es respaldada por especímenes de museo. La lista actual de mamíferos en Colombia tiene 543 especies, con cuatro descritas en el último año. Esperamos que la lista sea una herramienta apoyar las necesidades de investigación, en especial las extensiones de distribución, los problemas taxonómicos y la conservación de los mamíferos del país. Finalmente, recomendamos que las actualizaciones de la lista sigan estándares nacionales e internacionales como Darwin Core, utilizado por el Repositorio de Información Global sobre Biodiversidad - GBIF, y el Sistema de Información sobre Biodiversidad de Colombia – SiB.
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Peres PHF, Luduvério DJ, Bernegossi AM, Galindo DJ, Nascimento GB, Oliveira ML, Sandoval EDP, Vozdova M, Kubickova S, Cernohorska H, Duarte JMB. Revalidation of Mazama rufa (Illiger 1815) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) as a Distinct Species out of the Complex Mazama americana (Erxleben 1777). Front Genet 2022; 12:742870. [PMID: 34970296 PMCID: PMC8712859 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.742870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The red brocket deer Mazama americana Erxleben, 1777 is considered a polyphyletic complex of cryptic species with wide chromosomal divergence. Evidence indicates that the observed chromosomal divergences result in reproductive isolation. The description of a neotype for M. americana allowed its genetic characterization and represented a comparative basis to resolve the taxonomic uncertainties of the group. Thus, we designated a neotype for the synonym Mazama rufa Illiger, 1815 and tested its recognition as a distinct species from the M. americana complex with the analysis of morphological, cytogenetic and molecular data. We also evaluated its distribution by sampling fecal DNA in the wild. Morphological data from craniometry and body biometry indicated an overlap of quantitative measurements between M. rufa and the entire M. americana complex. The phylogenetic hypothesis obtained through mtDNA confirmed the reciprocal monophyly relationship between M. americana and M. rufa, and both were identified as distinct molecular operational taxonomic units by the General Mixed Yule Coalescent species delimitation analysis. Finally, classic cytogenetic data and fluorescence in situ hybridization with whole chromosome painting probes showed M. rufa with a karyotype of 2n = 52, FN = 56. Comparative analysis indicate that at least fifteen rearrangements separate M. rufa and M. americana (sensu stricto) karyotypes, which confirmed their substantial chromosomal divergence. This divergence should represent an important reproductive barrier and allow its characterization as a distinct and valid species. Genetic analysis of fecal samples demonstrated a wide distribution of M. rufa in the South American continent through the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and south region of Amazon. Thus, we conclude for the revalidation of M. rufa as a distinct species under the concept of biological isolation, with its karyotype as the main diagnostic character. The present work serves as a basis for the taxonomic review of the M. americana complex, which should be mainly based on cytogenetic characterization and directed towards a better sampling of the Amazon region, the evaluation of available names in the species synonymy and a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H F Peres
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Douglas J Luduvério
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Agda Maria Bernegossi
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - David J Galindo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Peru
| | | | - Márcio L Oliveira
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Feijó A, Brandão MV. Taxonomy as the first step towards conservation: an appraisal on the taxonomy of medium- and large-sized Neotropical mammals in the 21st century. ZOOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-4689.v39.e22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Mantellatto AMB, González S, Duarte JMB. Cytochrome b sequence of the Mazama americana jucunda Thomas, 1913 holotype reveals Mazama bororo Duarte, 1996 as its junior synonym. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 45:e20210093. [PMID: 34919117 PMCID: PMC8679242 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The small red brocket deer, Mazama bororo Duarte, 1996 was described based on karyotypical and morphological characters. However, the original description of Mazama americana jucunda suggested that this subspecies could represent the same taxon as Mazama bororo. This assumption was based on the type locality of Mazama americana jucunda and on morphological similarities between Mazama americana jucunda and Mazama bororo. To solve this question, we obtained DNA sequences of the holotype of Mazama americana jucunda and compared it with other species of Mazama, including the holotype of M. bororo. A phylogenetic tree was obtained to verify the relationships among these taxa. The results clearly showed that M. americana jucunda and M. bororo represent the same biological entity. Therefore, the oldest name available for the small red brocket occurring in the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil should be Mazama jucunda, remaining M. bororo as a junior synonym. We emphasise the importance of using DNA from museum specimens, especially from holotypes, in order to obtain a more accurate taxonomic identification. We also highlight the importance of application of valid names for labelling all aspects of biodiversity research, as well as for monitoring and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Meira Bonfim Mantellatto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Susana González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Genética, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José Maurício Barbanti Duarte
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Elusive deer occurrences at the Atlantic Forest: 20 years of surveys. MAMMAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-021-00604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Peres PHDF, Grotta-Neto F, Luduvério DJ, Oliveira MLD, Duarte JMB. Implications of unreliable species identification methods for Neotropical deer conservation planning. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Vozdova M, Kubickova S, Martínková N, Galindo DJ, Bernegossi AM, Cernohorska H, Kadlcikova D, Musilová P, Duarte JM, Rubes J. Satellite DNA in Neotropical Deer Species. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010123. [PMID: 33478071 PMCID: PMC7835801 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The taxonomy and phylogenetics of Neotropical deer have been mostly based on morphological criteria and needs a critical revision on the basis of new molecular and cytogenetic markers. In this study, we used the variation in the sequence, copy number, and chromosome localization of satellite I-IV DNA to evaluate evolutionary relationships among eight Neotropical deer species. Using FISH with satI-IV probes derived from Mazama gouazoubira, we proved the presence of satellite DNA blocks in peri/centromeric regions of all analyzed deer. Satellite DNA was also detected in the interstitial chromosome regions of species of the genus Mazama with highly reduced chromosome numbers. In contrast to Blastocerus dichotomus, Ozotoceros bezoarticus, and Odocoileus virginianus, Mazama species showed high abundance of satIV DNA by FISH. The phylogenetic analysis of the satellite DNA showed close relationships between O. bezoarticus and B. dichotomus. Furthermore, the Neotropical and Nearctic populations of O. virginianus formed a single clade. However, the satellite DNA phylogeny did not allow resolving the relationships within the genus Mazama. The high abundance of the satellite DNA in centromeres probably contributes to the formation of chromosomal rearrangements, thus leading to a fast and ongoing speciation in this genus, which has not yet been reflected in the satellite DNA sequence diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miluse Vozdova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.); (H.C.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +4205-3333-1422
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.); (H.C.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Natália Martínková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kvetna 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - David Javier Galindo
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, Brazil; (D.J.G.); (A.M.B.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Agda Maria Bernegossi
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, Brazil; (D.J.G.); (A.M.B.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Halina Cernohorska
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.); (H.C.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Dita Kadlcikova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.); (H.C.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Petra Musilová
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.); (H.C.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Jose Mauricio Duarte
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, Brazil; (D.J.G.); (A.M.B.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.); (H.C.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.R.)
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