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Cocchi M, Barboza CM, Garcia JG, Zamudio RM, Champi A, Novaes RLM, Costa-Neto SF, Moratelli R, Batista HBCR. Investigation of Rabies virus in wild mammals of the atlantic forest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01443-6. [PMID: 38980651 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
With the successful control of rabies transmitted by dogs in Brazil, wild animals have played a relevant epidemiological role in the transmission of rabies virus (RABV). Bats, non-human primates and wild canines are the main wild animals that transmit RABV in the country. It is worth highlighting the possibility of synanthropic action of these species, when they become adapted to urban areas, causing infections in domestic animals and eventually in humans. This work aimed to evaluate the circulation of RABV in the Pedra Branca Forest, an Atlantic Forest area, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil. Saliva and blood samples were obtained from 60 individuals of eight species of bats, captured with mist nets, and 13 individuals of callitrichid primates, captured with tomahawk traps. Saliva samples were subjected to Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), targeting the RABV N gene, with all samples being negative. Blood samples of all animals were submitted to the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) to detect neutralizing antibodies (Ab) for RABV. Six bat samples (8%) were seropositive for RABV with antibody titers greater than or equal to 0.1 IU/mL. The detection of Ab but not viral RNA indicates exposure rather than current RABV transmission in the analyzed populations. The results presented here reinforce the importance of serological studies in wildlife to access RABV circulation in a region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cocchi
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Paulista, Brasil.
| | - C M Barboza
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Paulista, Brasil
| | - J G Garcia
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Paulista, Brasil
| | - R M Zamudio
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Paulista, Brasil
| | - A Champi
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Paulista, Brasil
| | - R L M Novaes
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - S F Costa-Neto
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - R Moratelli
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - H B C R Batista
- Instituto Pasteur, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Santo André, Brasil
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Rangel FCS, Gomes SR, Silva GM, Sousa AKP, de-Souza JR, Thiengo SC. Population dynamics of Achatina fulica in a peri-urban area adjacent to the Fiocruz Atlantic Forest Biological Station (EFMA), in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with report on Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 83:e274620. [PMID: 38422260 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.274620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Achatina fulica is a species native to East Africa, considered one of the 100 worst invasive alien species in the world. The present study investigated the population of the snail, A. fulica, in a peri-urban area adjacent to the Fiocruz Atlantic Forest Biological Station (EFMA), in Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, focusing on population dynamics and the nematodes associated with this species. To this end, specimens were collected during four climatic seasons of the years 2021 and 2022 in three fixed 20 m × 10 m plots. The abundance of A. fulica in these areas was evaluated in relation to a set of environmental variables (temperature, relative humidity air, and soil pH and calcium). The abundance of snails infected by nematodes was also evaluated in relation to the season and body size of the specimens. The molluscs were found by active search, and standardized (15 minutes/three collections). Nematode larvae were extracted from the specimens by artificial digestion and identified by their external morphology and the sequencing of molecular markers. A total of 280 specimens of A. fulica were collected, with the highest abundances being recorded in the autumn and summer, although no significant relationship was found between the number of specimens collected and the environmental variables. Overall, 192 snails were infected by nematodes: Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Cruzia tentaculata and free-living nematodes, including Caenorhabditis briggsae. These findings demonstrate the epidemiological importance of the study area and the need to implement educational measures in the community, with the aim of controlling the local A. fulica population, thereby minimizing the risk of parasitic infection in the local human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C S Rangel
- ªFundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Malacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - S R Gomes
- ªFundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Malacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - G M Silva
- ªFundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Malacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery, Departamento de Metodologia da Enfermagem - DME, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A K P Sousa
- ªFundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Malacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J Ramos de-Souza
- ªFundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Malacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - S C Thiengo
- ªFundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Malacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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3
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Veríssimo I, Cupolillo G, Jorge BMDS, Novaes RLM, Tavares JA, Gabriel MM, Costa-Neto SF, do Couto ALG, Schmidt E, Miranda A, de Andreazzi CS, Moratelli R. Medium- and large-sized mammals from Estação Biológica Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Rio de Janeiro, south-eastern Brazil. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e86756. [PMID: 36761537 PMCID: PMC9848567 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e86756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pedra Branca Forest is in a highly urbanised region of the central portion of Rio de Janeiro City and comprises the largest urban forest in the world (> 12,000 ha). The local flora and fauna are protected by three conservation units and the Estação Biológica Fiocruz Mata Atlântica (EFMA), which comprises 462 hectares on the east side of the remnant. The local biodiversity is still little known compared to other Atlantic Forest remnants from the Rio de Janeiro State. Here, we provide results of a survey of medium- and large-sized terrestrial mammals from the EFMA. In addition, we analysed the distribution of this fauna along three habitat types defined as Peridomicile, Transitional Forest and Forest Core. Sampling was performed from 2017 to 2020 and comprised a camera-trap survey, interviews with residents and local workers and occasional records. Results include occurrence records for 16 autochthonous and one allochthonous (Callithrix sp.) wild mammals, which are distributed into 14 families and seven orders, in addition to the presence of free-ranging domestic dogs and cats. Four species are in some category of threat of extinction at national or global levels. Amongst them, Leontopithecusrosalia (first record for the Rio de Janeiro City in more than a century) and Leopardusguttulus are classified as Vulnerable by IUCN. Most wild native species were registered in the three habitat types, but with differences in the frequency of records. Our results indicate that the presence of domestic dogs and cats influenced the species composition in each area, with Nasuanasua, Dasyproctaleporina and Didelphisaurita less frequent in places where domestic dogs and cats are more frequent. This is the first systematic effort to understand the occurrence and distribution of mid- and large-sized mammals in the Pedra Branca Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Veríssimo
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Gabriel Cupolillo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Beatriz Maria da Silva Jorge
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Roberto Leonan Morim Novaes
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Jonatas Amorim Tavares
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Monique Medeiros Gabriel
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Sócrates Fraga Costa-Neto
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Ademar Luiz Gomes do Couto
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Ellen Schmidt
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Amarildo Miranda
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Cecilia Siliansky de Andreazzi
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Centro de Ecología Funcional, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCentro de Ecología Funcional, Universidade de CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Ricardo Moratelli
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Estimating the density of small mammals using the selfie trap is an effective camera trapping method. MAMMAL RES 2022; 67:467-482. [PMID: 35891629 PMCID: PMC9304545 DOI: 10.1007/s13364-022-00643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Camera trapping to study wildlife allows for data collection, without the need to capture animals. Traditionally, camera traps have been used to target larger terrestrial mammal species, though recently novel methods and adjustments in procedures have meant camera traps can be used to study small mammals. The selfie trap (a camera trapping method) may present robust sampling and ecological study of small mammals. This study aimed to evaluate the selfie trap method in terms of its ability to detect species and estimate population density. To address this aim, standard small mammal live trapping was undertaken, immediately followed by camera trapping using the selfie trap. Both methods were set to target the arboreal sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) and semi-arboreal brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii). The more ground-dwelling bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) was also live trapped and recorded on camera. Across four survey areas, the probability of detection for each of the three species was higher for selfie traps than for live trapping. Spatially explicit capture-recapture models showed that selfie traps were superior at estimating density for brown antechinus and sugar gliders, when compared to simulated live trapping data. Hit rates (number of videos per various time intervals) were correlated with abundance. When correlating various hit rate intervals with abundance, the use of 10-min hit rate was best for predicting sugar glider abundance (R2 = 0.94). The abundance of brown antechinus was estimated from selfie traps using a 24-h hit rate as a predictor (R2 = 0.85). For sugar gliders, the selfie trap can replace live trapping as individuals can be identified through their unique facial stripes and natural ear scars, and thus used in capture-recapture analysis. This method may be useful for monitoring the abundance of other small mammal species that can also be individually recognized from photographs.
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Azevedo CSD, Paula CDS, Teixeira CP, Lessa LG. Is resource partitioning between two sympatric species of Gracilinanus (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) related to trophic and spatial niches? MAMMALIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2021-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Small mammal species may occur in sympatry, and it is relevant to investigate the mechanisms that lead to coexistence of the closely related species. Despite this, studies evaluating the coexistence of closely related Neotropical marsupials are insipient. The aim of this study was to analyse the mechanisms of resource partitioning between the sympatric species of mouse opossums Gracilinanus agilis and G. microtarsus (Didelphidae), evaluating their trophic and spatial niche. We hypothesized that G. agilis and G. microtarsus differ in at least one niche dimension (space use or food preferences) as a mechanism of coexistence. In the study we analysed trophic niche by evaluating the frequency of occurrence of food items present in Gracilinanus faeces. Also, we analysed spatial niche by comparing the vegetal stratum where the individuals were captured and its relationship with the environmental complexity. Both species presented a high trophic niche overlap, with differences in the frequencies of occurrence of the consumed items. Although the most frequent items in the faeces were Hymenoptera, Isoptera and Coleoptera, their proportion differed significantly between the two species. The variety of food items also differed, with flowers being more frequent in G. agilis diet, whereas fruits were more recorded for G. microtarsus. The spatial niche was very similar, with both species being more captured in the forest understory. However, habitat complexity influenced the abundance of both species, especially litter depth and its biomass of leaves. The results indicated that the coexistence of the two species is associated with the trophic and spatial niche, and that this niche segregation could be allowing closely related species of Gracilinanus to coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri , Campus JK, MGT 367, no 5000, Cep: 39100-000 , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil
- Departamento de Evolução, Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente , Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Bauxita, Cep: 35400-000 , Ouro Preto , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Camilla de Souza Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri , Campus JK, MGT 367, no 5000, Cep: 39100-000 , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Camila Palhares Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Campus Ibirité , Avenida São Paulo (Rod. MG 049 URB), no 3996, Vila do Rosário, Cep: 32412-190 , Ibirité , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Leonardo Guimarães Lessa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri , Campus JK, MGT 367, no 5000, Cep: 39100-000 , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri , Campus JK, MGT 367, no 5000. Cep: 39100-000 , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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de Lima MF, Silvestre MDPSA, dos Santos EC, Martins LC, Quaresma JAS, de Barros BDCV, Silva MJA, Lima LNGC. The Presence of Mycobacterium leprae in Wild Rodents. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061114. [PMID: 35744632 PMCID: PMC9228809 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. There is a lack of data regarding environmental reservoirs, which may represent a serious public health problem in Brazil, especially in the state of Pará, which occupies the fourth position in incidence of cases in the country. Previous studies report evidence of infection occurring among armadillos, mangabei monkeys, and chimpanzees. In the present study, wild animals were captured and tested for the presence of anti-PGL-1 antibodies and M. leprae DNA. Fieldwork was carried out from October to November of 2016 in the cities of Curionópolis and Canaã dos Carajás, southeast of Pará state. Small and medium-sized wild animals were captured using appropriate traps. A total of 15 animals were captured. Sera and viscera fragments were collected and tested by ELISA and PCR methods. The presence of M. leprae DNA was confirmed by sequencing of specific gyrase gene in three animals of two different species, including one Necromys lasiurus (liver sample) and two Proechimys roberti (kidney and liver samples). This unprecedented finding suggests that species other than those previously reported are responsible for maintaining M. leprae in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Furtado de Lima
- Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (M.F.d.L.); (M.d.P.S.A.S.); (E.C.d.S.); (M.J.A.S.)
| | | | - Everaldina Cordeiro dos Santos
- Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (M.F.d.L.); (M.d.P.S.A.S.); (E.C.d.S.); (M.J.A.S.)
| | - Lívia Caricio Martins
- Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva
- Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (M.F.d.L.); (M.d.P.S.A.S.); (E.C.d.S.); (M.J.A.S.)
| | - Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima
- Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (M.F.d.L.); (M.d.P.S.A.S.); (E.C.d.S.); (M.J.A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(91)-98379-3537
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Gleasonian structure in the helminth metacommunity of the opossum Didelphis albiventris in two extremes of the Atlantic Forest. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e7. [PMID: 35086598 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x21000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Didelphis albiventris is the opossum with the largest geographic distribution in Brazil and has a wide spectrum of helminth parasites. This study aimed to describe the species composition and analyse the structure of helminth communities of D. albiventris in two extremes of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The influence of host sex, body mass, age, helminth species richness and locality on the abundance and prevalence of the most prevalent helminth species was investigated. Ninety-five per cent of the animals were infected with at least one species. Nine helminth species were found: the nematodes Aspidodera raillieti, Cruzia tentaculata, Trichuris didelphis and Trichuris minuta in the large intestine; Turgida turgida in the stomach; Travassostrongylus orloffi and Viannaia hamata; and the trematodes Brachylaima advena and Rhopalias coronatus in the small intestine. Three helminth morphospecies were also recovered: the nematodes Hoineffia sp. and Viannaia sp. and a cestode in the small intestine. Cruzia tentaculata and V. hamata were the species with the highest mean abundances and intensities, while the most prevalent species were A. raillieti, C. tentaculata, T. turgida and V. hamata, forming the central nucleus of the helminth component community. The analysis of the helminth metacommunity structure indicated a Gleasonian pattern for the total set of infracommunities, corroborating the beta diversity indices, which indicated more species replacement than loss between localities and infracommunities, although at a low level. The results indicated a stronger influence of host attributes than geographical distance on the community structure.
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Berbigier AP, Barros JHDS, Pontes ES, Lisboa CV, Gentile R, Xavier SCDC, Jansen AM, Roque ALR. Trypanosomatid Richness in Wild and Synanthropic Small Mammals from a Biological Station in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111442. [PMID: 34832597 PMCID: PMC8620513 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomatids are diverse and can infect several host species, including small mammals (rodents and marsupials). Between 2012 and 2014, 91 small mammals were surveyed for trypanosomatid infection in the Estação Biológica FIOCRUZ Mata Atlântica (EFMA), an Atlantic Forest area in Rio de Janeiro that presents different levels of conserved and degraded areas. Blood, skin, liver, and spleen samples were submitted to parasitological, serological, and molecular assays to detect the infection and determine the taxonomic status of their parasites. Sixty-eight individuals (74.7%; n = 91) were infected by trypanosomatids, including fourteen mixed infected by different trypanosomatid parasites. These hosts were infected by: T. cruzi DTU TcI (n = 12), T. cruzi DTU TcIV (n = 2), T. janseni (n = 15), T. dionisii (n = 1), and T. rangeli A (n = 1) detected in blood or tissue cultures, in addition to T. cruzi DTU TcI (n = 9) and Leishmania sp. (n = 1) only by the molecular diagnosis. Serological diagnosis was positive in 38 (71.6%) individuals for T. cruzi, the same amount for Leishmania spp., and 23 (43.3%) individuals were mixed infected. These data indicate a remarkable richness of trypanosomatid species/genotypes infecting small mammals, even in a disturbed area with low mammal species diversity—as is the case of the EFMA—reinforcing the generalist aspect of these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pereira Berbigier
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Juliana Helena da Silva Barros
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Edilene Sousa Pontes
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Cristiane Varella Lisboa
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Rosana Gentile
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Samanta Cristina das Chagas Xavier
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Ana Maria Jansen
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - André Luiz Rodrigues Roque
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(21)-2562-1416; Fax: +55-(21)-2562-1609
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9
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A longitudinal survey of gastrointestinal parasites of the black-eared opossum Didelphis aurita at an urban-sylvatic interface area in Southeast Brazil: a morphological and ecological characterization based on helminth eggs. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3815-3825. [PMID: 34568959 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parasites are important organisms in ecosystem dynamics and take part in the regulation and structure of host populations. The prevalence, abundance, and distribution of parasites in their host species may be affected by biotic and abiotic factors. Most studies of helminths of Brazilian marsupials are taxonomic descriptions or re-descriptions and records of occurrence. The use of noninvasive techniques for studying parasitic worms of vertebrate hosts is more common in large or threatened species. The aims of this study were to describe and identify the helminth morphotypes and to analyse the parasitological parameters of gastrointestinal helminth eggs obtained in faecal samples of marsupial Didelphis aurita at the Fiocruz Atlantic Forest Biological Station and surroundings, municipality of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. The common opossums were sampled during a capture-mark-recapture study. Faecal samples collected from each animal were analysed for helminth egg diagnosis using the methods of flotation in sugar solution and sedimentation. Eggs were compared with samples obtained from the uterus of adult worms obtained from a previous study carried out in the same area. Eleven helminth egg morphotypes were found. Among them, seven were identified at the species level. The highest values of parasitic load and prevalence were observed for the families Viannaiidae and Trichuridae. A significant relationship was found between the number of morphotypes and host body size in females. The influence of parasite load on host condition factor or body size was not observed.
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Cordeiro DA, Costa GMJ, França LR. Testis structure, duration of spermatogenesis and daily sperm production in four wild cricetid rodent species (A. cursor, A. montensis, N. lasiurus, and O. nigripes). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251256. [PMID: 34014973 PMCID: PMC8136699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rodents represent approximately 40% of all living mammalian species, our knowledge regarding their reproductive biology is still scarce. Due to their high vulnerability to environmental changes, wild rodents have become beneficial models for ecological studies. Thus, we aimed to comparatively investigate key functional testis parameters in four sexually mature wild rodent species (A. cursor, A. montensis, N. lasiurus, and O. nigripes). These species belong to the Cricetidae family, which is the most diverse family of rodents in South America, with a total of ~120 species in Brazil. The results found for the gonadosomatic index and the sickled sperm head shape observed strongly suggest that the species here evaluated are promiscuous, prolific, and short-lived. The duration of spermatogenesis was relatively short and varied from ~35–40 days. Both the percentage of seminiferous tubules (ST) in the testis parenchyma (~95–97%) and the number of Sertoli cells (SC) (~48–70 million) per testis gram were very high, whereas a fairly good SC efficiency (~8–13 round spermatids per SC) was observed. In comparison to other mammalian species studied, particularly the rodents of the suborder Myomorpha (i.e. hamsters, rats and mice), the rodents herein investigated exhibited very high (~62–80 million) daily sperm production per testis gram. This impressive spermatogenic efficiency resulted mainly from the short duration of spermatogenesis and quite high values found for the ST percentage in the testis and the SC number per testis gram. We expect that the knowledge here obtained will help conservation programs and the proper management of wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirceu A. Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais—UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- UNINCOR, Três Corações, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M. J. Costa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais—UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. França
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais—UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Magura T, Kiss E, Lövei GL. No consistent diversity patterns in terrestrial mammal assemblages along rural-urban forest gradients. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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