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Fernández-Martín S, López-Peña M, Muñoz F, Permuy M, González-Cantalapiedra A. Bisphosphonates as disease-modifying drugs in osteoarthritis preclinical studies: a systematic review from 2000 to 2020. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:60. [PMID: 33618776 PMCID: PMC7898436 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates have been proposed as possible disease-modifying drugs in osteoarthritis. However, the evidence of their efficacy is poor and their outcomes presented a great heterogeneity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to systematically review the main effects of bisphosphonate use on synovial joint tissues and biochemical markers in preclinical studies over the past two decades (2000-2020). Three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched, and after screening, twenty-six studies with five different types of bisphosphonates were included in the review. The animal model selected, the type of bisphosphonate used, the therapy duration, and the main effects of individual drugs on synovial tissues were evaluated. Additionally, the quality and risk of bias assessments were performed using the Animals in Research Reporting In Vivo Experiments guidelines and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation tool. Studies showed high variability in experimental designs. Consequently, the comparison of the findings in order to draw specific conclusions about the effectiveness of the drugs is complicated. However, the results of this systematic review suggested that bisphosphonates seemed to reduce the osteoarthritic changes in a dose-dependent manner showing better chondroprotective effects at high doses. Besides, a time-dependent efficacy was also detected in terms of cartilage status. One can conclude that the disease stage of the time-point of treatment initiation may constitute a key factor in the antiresorptive drug efficacy. Generally, we noted that bisphosphonate administration seemed to show positive subchondral bone conservation and fewer biomarker alterations. However, they did not appear to suppress the osteophyte development and their chondroprotective effect is highly variable among the studies. Bisphosphonates appeared to show a positive anti-inflammatory effect on the synovial membrane. However, only a few included publications were focused on their investigation. Regarding the therapy duration, there is a significant lack of evidence on evaluating their effectiveness in preclinical long-term studies and further experimental studies may be needed to examine the pharmacological response in these circumstances. This systematic review might help to clarify the efficacy of bisphosphonates and their function as disease-modifying treatments in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fernández-Martín
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Mónica López-Peña
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Fernando Muñoz
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - María Permuy
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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Chen CH, Chen WC, Lin CY, Chen CH, Tsuang YH, Kuo YJ. Sintered dicalcium pyrophosphate treatment attenuates estrogen deficiency-associated disc degeneration in ovariectomized rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3033-3041. [PMID: 30271118 PMCID: PMC6151093 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s170816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Estrogen deficiency is associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Sintered dicalcium pyrophosphate (SDCP) is a novel antiosteoporotic agent. In this study, we examined its use for restoration of bone quality and attenuation of disc degeneration in ovariectomy rats. Methods Sixty female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely sham group undergoing sham surgery, ovariectomy (OVX) group receiving an equivalent volume of isotonic sodium chloride solution, and OVX/SDCP group orally administered with 0.25 mg/mL SDCP. Animals were sacrificed at 3 and 6 months post ovariectomy and lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs were harvested. Bone mineral density, micro-computed tomography analysis, and biomechanical testing were performed to assess bone quality. Histological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue, and Masson’s trichrome stain were conducted to determine disc degeneration. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were carried out to measure the expressions of aggrecan, type I collagen, type II collagen, and MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13. Results SDCP improved bone quality as observed by the results of increased bone mineral density and stiffness in OVX rats. The improvement in disc degeneration induced by estrogen withdrawal was associated with reduced gene expressions of MMPs and increased production of collagen type II. Conclusion SDCP prevents osteoporosis and ameliorates disc degeneration in OVX rats. It represents a favorable therapeutic agent for osteoporotic and osteoarthritic conditions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsien Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, .,School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chuan Chen
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hwa Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, .,School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hwei Tsuang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,
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Burr DB, Utreja A. Editorial: Wnt Signaling Related to Subchondral Bone Density and Cartilage Degradation in Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:157-161. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Burr
- Indiana University School of Medicine and Indiana University‐Purdue University–Indianapolis Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Achint Utreja
- Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana
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Rialland P, Otis C, Moreau M, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Beaudry F, del Castillo JR, Bertaim T, Gauvin D, Troncy E. Association between sensitisation and pain-related behaviours in an experimental canine model of osteoarthritis. Pain 2014; 155:2071-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rosa R, Collavino K, Lakhani A, Delve E, Weber J, Rosenthal A, Waldman S. Clodronate exerts an anabolic effect on articular chondrocytes mediated through the purinergic receptor pathway. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1327-36. [PMID: 25042551 PMCID: PMC5452978 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bisphosphonates are commonly used anti-osteoporotic drugs which have controversial effects on joint diseases including osteoarthritis. Certain bisphosphonates have been shown to have anabolic effects on cartilage which could have important ramifications for their proposed effects in vivo; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of clodronate on primary articular chondrocyte metabolism and to determine the underlying signaling pathways responsible. DESIGN The effects of clodronate and pamidronate on extracellular matrix (ECM) biosynthesis, accumulation and MMP-13 activity were observed in high density, 3D cultures of bovine articular chondrocytes for up to 4 weeks were evaluated. Mechanisms were delineated by measuring intracellular Ca(2+) signaling and the effects of pharmacologic inhibition of the purinergic receptor pathway. RESULTS Clodronate (100 μM) induced an anabolic effect (increased biosynthesis by 13-14%) which resulted in an 89-90% increase in ECM accumulation after 4 weeks of culture and without an associated effect on matrix turn-over. Stimulation by clodronate resulted in a 3.3-fold increase in Ca(2+) signaling and pharmacological inhibitor experiments suggested that the anabolic effects exerted by clodronate are transduced through the purinergic receptor pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the previous notion that certain bisphosphonates may be useful as adjunctive therapies to potentially ameliorate progression of cartilage degeneration and improve arthritis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.G. Rosa
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - K. Collavino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. Lakhani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - E. Delve
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J.F. Weber
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - A.K. Rosenthal
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, and the Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - S.D. Waldman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: S.D. Waldman, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kerr Hall South, Room 241N, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3. Tel: 1-416-979-5000x4200; Fax: 1-416-979-5083.
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Soto SA, Chiappe Barbará A. Bisphosphonates: Pharmacology and Clinical Approach to Their Use in Equine Osteoarticular Diseases. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Roubille C, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J. New and emerging treatments for osteoarthritis management: will the dream come true with personalized medicine? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 14:2059-77. [PMID: 24044485 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.825606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is a dynamic process involving the main tissues of the joint for which a global approach should be considered. No disease-modifying OA drug (DMOAD) has yet been approved. New therapeutic strategies are needed that would be cost effective by reducing the need for pharmacological interventions and surgical management while targeting specific pathways leading to OA. The treatment landscape of OA is about to change based on new agents having shown some structural effects and emerging therapies with DMOAD effects. AREAS COVERED In this review based on a Medline (via PubMed) search, promising new and emerging therapies with a potential structural effect (DMOAD) will be discussed including growth factors, platelet-rich plasma, autologous stem cells, bone remodeling modulators, cytokine inhibition, gene therapy, and RNA interference. EXPERT OPINION DMOAD development should focus on targeting some phenotypes of OA patients evidenced with sensitive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, as a single treatment will unlikely be appropriate for all OA patients. This will allow the development of DMOADs based on personalized medicine. An exciting new era in DMOAD development is within reach, provided future clinical trials are sufficiently powered, systematically designed, use the appropriate evaluation tools, and target the appropriate categories of OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Roubille
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Osteoarthritis Research Unit , 1560 Sherbrooke Street East, Montreal, Quebec , Canada
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Dearmin MG, Trumble TN, García A, Chambers JN, Budsberg SC. Chondroprotective effects of zoledronic acid on articular cartilage in dogs with experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:329-37. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.4.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Karsdal MA, Bay-Jensen AC, Lories RJ, Abramson S, Spector T, Pastoureau P, Christiansen C, Attur M, Henriksen K, Goldring SR, Kraus V. The coupling of bone and cartilage turnover in osteoarthritis: opportunities for bone antiresorptives and anabolics as potential treatments? Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:336-48. [PMID: 24285494 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritic disease, and a major cause of disability and impaired quality of life in the elderly. OA is a complex disease of the entire joint, affecting bone, cartilage and synovium that thereby presents multiple targets for treatment. This manuscript will summarise emerging observations from cell biology, preclinical and preliminary clinical trials that elucidate interactions between the bone and cartilage components in particular. Bone and cartilage health are tightly associated. Ample evidence has been found for bone changes during progression of OA including, but not limited to, increased turnover in the subchondral bone, undermineralisation of the trabecular structure, osteophyte formation, bone marrow lesions and sclerosis of the subchondral plate. Meanwhile, a range of investigations has shown positive effects on cartilage health when bone resorption is suppressed, or deterioration of the cartilage when resorption is increased. Known bone therapies, namely oestrogens, selective oestrogen receptor modifiers (SERMs), bisphosphonates, strontium ranelate, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone, might prove useful for treating two critical tissue components of the OA joint, the bone and the cartilage. An optimal treatment for OA likely targets at least these two tissue components. The patient subgroups for whom these therapies are most appropriate have yet to be fully defined but would likely include, at a minimum, those with high bone turnover.
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Roman-Blas JA, Castañeda S, Largo R, Lems WF, Herrero-Beaumont G. An OA phenotype may obtain major benefit from bone-acting agents. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43:421-8. [PMID: 24016748 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) joints display relevant microstructure alterations associated to an increase in remodeling at subchondral bone, which supports its crucial role in OA pathogenesis. Despite this, the treatment of knee OA patients with antiresorptive drugs has given discordant results, suggesting the existence of a particular patient subset with good response to halting high subchondral remodeling. OBJECTIVE To identify an OA phenotype that may obtain major benefit from therapy with bone-acting agents. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching the Medline and PubMed databases from 1990 to April 2013 using the following keywords: subchondral bone, articular cartilage, and osteoarthritis in various combinations with bone agents, bone mineral density, and scintigraphy. RESULTS Early animal and human studies provided the rationale for the beneficial use of bone agents on OA cartilage damage. Several bone-acting agents have reduced low back pain and likely spondylosis progression. Recently, strontium ranelate has been reported to exert both structural and clinical benefits in knee OA patients with radiological progression. However, other antiresorptives have shown divergent results. Human studies suggest that these contradictory results may be due to the lack of well-defined OA phenotypes and an accurate methodology to recruit and follow up these patients. CONCLUSIONS A particular subset of postmenopausal patients with high remodeling and/or low subchondral bone density may benefit from the treatment with bone-acting agents hindering OA progression. This OA population could be identified with the simultaneous use of subchondral bone dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and scintigraphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Roman-Blas
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Willem F Lems
- Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Van Ginckel A, Verdonk P, Witvrouw E. Cartilage adaptation after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction: implications for clinical management and research? A systematic review of longitudinal MRI studies. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1009-24. [PMID: 23685095 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the current evidence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured cartilage adaptations following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and of the potential factors that might influence these changes, including the effect of treatment on the course of cartilage change (i.e., surgical vs non-surgical treatment). METHODS A literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases extracting 12 full-text articles. These articles reported on in vivo MRI-related cartilage longitudinal follow-up after ACL injury and reconstruction in "young" adults. Eligibility and methodological quality was rated by two independent reviewers. A best-evidence synthesis was performed for reported factors influencing cartilage changes. RESULTS Methodological quality was heterogenous amongst articles (i.e., score range: 31.6-78.9%). Macroscopic changes were detectable as from 2 years follow-up next to or preceded by ultra-structural and functional (i.e., contact-deformation) changes, both in the lateral and medial compartment. Moderate-to-strong evidence was presented for meniscal lesion or meniscectomy, presence of bone marrow lesions (BMLs), time from injury, and persisting altered biomechanics, possibly affecting cartilage change after ACL reconstruction. First-year morphological change was more aggravated in ACL reconstruction compared to non-surgical treatment. CONCLUSION In view of osteoarthritis (OA) prevention after ACL reconstruction, careful attention should be paid to the rehabilitation process and to the decision on when to allow return to sports. These decisions should also consider cartilage fragility and functional adaptations after surgery. In this respect, the first years following surgery are of paramount importance for prevention or treatment strategies that aim at impediment of further matrix deterioration. Considering the low number of studies and the methodological caveats, more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Van Ginckel
- Fellowship Research Foundation, FWO Aspirant, Flanders, Brussels, Belgium.
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Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF, Driscoll N, Ott JF. Concentration-dependent effects of tiludronate on equine articular cartilage explants incubated with and without interleukin-1β. Am J Vet Res 2013; 73:1530-9. [PMID: 23013178 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.10.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine concentration-dependent effects of tiludronate on cartilage explants incubated with or without recombinant equine interleukin-1β (rEq IL-1). SAMPLE Articular cartilage explants from the femorotibial joints of 3 young adult horses. PROCEDURES Cartilage explants were incubated with 1 of 6 concentrations (0, 0.19, 1.9, 19, 190, or 1,900 mg/L) of tiludronate and with or without rEq IL-1 (0.01 ng/mL) for 96 hours. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) concentrations in culture medium and explant digests were analyzed via PGE(2) enzyme immunoassay. Sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) concentrations in culture medium were quantified via 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue assay. Chondrocyte apoptosis in paraffin embedded explant sections was measured via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay. Relative gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 was determined via the comparative cycle threshold method. RESULTS rEq IL-1 increased PGE(2) concentration, sGAG release from explants, chondrocyte apoptosis, and MMP gene expression. Lower tiludronate concentrations reduced rEq IL-1-induced sGAG release and chondrocyte apoptosis, whereas the higher tiludronate concentrations increased sGAG release and chondrocyte apoptosis. At the highest tiludronate concentration evaluated, IL-8 gene expression was increased independent of whether rEq IL-1 was present. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Tiludronate had biphasic concentration-dependent effects on cartilage explants that were independent of PGE(2) secretion or MMP gene expression. Low tiludronate concentrations had some chondroprotective effects, whereas high tiludronate concentrations were detrimental to equine articular cartilage. Administration of tiludronate intra-articularly to horses may be detrimental, dependent on the dose used. In vivo studies are needed before intra-articular tiludronate administration to horses can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja F Duesterdieck-Zellmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Inflammation and Joint Tissue Interactions in OA: Implications for Potential Therapeutic Approaches. ARTHRITIS 2012; 2012:741582. [PMID: 22745906 PMCID: PMC3382955 DOI: 10.1155/2012/741582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that the pathogenesis of cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis (OA) is multifactorial and involves the interactions between cartilage and its surrounding tissues. These interactions regulate proinflammatory cytokine-mediated cartilage destruction, contributing to OA progression as well as cartilage repair. This review explores the pathogenesis of OA in the context of the multiple tissue types in the joint and discusses the implications of such complex tissue interaction in the development of anti-inflammatory therapeutics for the treatment of OA.
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Castañeda S, Roman-Blas JA, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G. Subchondral bone as a key target for osteoarthritis treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:315-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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