From seaweed to healing: the potential of fucoidan in wound therapy

This bibliometric review examines the current state of research on fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide found in brown seaweed species, and its potential for wound healing. The review included 58 studies that investigated fucoidan's effects on wound healing, revealing that it possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that could aid in the healing process. Fucoidan was also found to promote cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, essential for wound healing. However, the optimal dosage, treatment duration, safety, and efficacy of fucoidan in various wound types and patient populations still require further investigation. Additionally, advanced wound dressings like hydrogels have garnered significant attention for their potential in wound healing. While this review indicates promise for fucoidan as a natural wound healing compound, it underscores the need for additional clinical trials to determine its optimal use as a commercial therapeutic agent in wound healing.

Efficiency of the fatty acids extracted from the microalga Parachlorella kessleri in wound-healing

Wound healing is a physiological process that results in the reconstruction and restoration of granulation tissue, followed by scar formation. We explored the impact of fatty acids in the form of oils on wound healing since they are part of membrane phospholipids and participate in the inflammatory response. This work investigated the efficiency of fatty acids extracted from microalga Parachlorella kessleri in treating excisional wounds and burns and evaluated their antioxidant activity. The rationale behind this investigation lies in the integral role fatty acids play in membrane phospholipids and their involvement in the inflammatory response. Among different nitrogen sources, glycine showed the highest biomass and lipid productivity (0.08 g L-1 d-1 and 58.37 μgml-1 day-1, respectively). Based on the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids that increased by 50.38 % in the Glycine culture of P. kessleri, both total antioxidant capacity and DPPH radical scavenging activity were higher in the Glycine culture than control culture. In 30 anaesthetized male mice divided into 6 groups, using either a burn or an excision, two identical paravertebral full-thickness skin lesions were created. Either oils of P. kessleri (extracted from control and glycine culture) ointments or the vehicle (placebo cream) were applied twice daily to the excisional wounds of mice, while mebo cream was used for burn wounds as well as P. kessleri oil. P. kessleri oils (control or glycine culture) showed a significant effect on the reduction of excisional wounds and burns. Histopathological analysis showed that angiogenesis, collagen fiber formation, and epidermis creation were some of the healing indicators that improved. The key elements for this healing property are omega -3 fatty acids, and both P. kessleri oils extracted from control and glycine culture have significant wound-healing effects. Oil of glycine culture of P. kessleri, however, displayed superior results in this regard.

Fucoidan-based nanomaterial and its multifunctional role for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications

Fucoidans are promising sulfated polysaccharides isolated from marine sources that have piqued the interest of scientists in recent years due to their widespread use as a bioactive substance. Bioactive coatings and films, unsurprisingly, have seized these substances to create novel, culinary, therapeutic, and diagnostic bioactive nanomaterials. The applications of fucoidan and its composite nanomaterials have a wide variety of food as well as pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-thrombic, anti-coagulant, immunoregulatory, and anti-viral properties. Blends of fucoidan with other biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, curdlan, starch, etc., have shown promising coating and film-forming capabilities. A blending of biopolymers is a recommended approach to improve their anticipated properties. This review focuses on the fundamental knowledge and current development of fucoidan, fucoidan-based composite material for bioactive coatings and films, and their biological properties. In this article, fucoidan-based edible bioactive coatings and films expressed excellent mechanical strength that can prolong the shelf-life of food products and maintain their biodegradability. Additionally, these coatings and films showed numerous applications in the biomedical field and contribute to the economy. We hope this review can deliver the theoretical basis for the development of fucoidan-based bioactive material and films.

Marine Polysaccharides for Wound Dressings Application: An Overview

Wound dressings have become a crucial treatment for wound healing due to their convenience, low cost, and prolonged wound management. As cutting-edge biomaterials, marine polysaccharides are divided from most marine organisms. It possesses various bioactivities, which allowing them to be processed into various forms of wound dressings. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the application of marine polysaccharides in wound dressings is particularly important for the studies of wound therapy. In this review, we first introduce the wound healing process and describe the characteristics of modern commonly used dressings. Then, the properties of various marine polysaccharides and their application in wound dressing development are outlined. Finally, strategies for developing and enhancing marine polysaccharide wound dressings are described, and an outlook of these dressings is given. The diverse bioactivities of marine polysaccharides including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, haemostatic properties, etc., providing excellent wound management and accelerate wound healing. Meanwhile, these biomaterials have higher biocompatibility and biodegradability compared to synthetic ones. On the other hand, marine polysaccharides can be combined with copolymers and active substances to prepare various forms of dressings. Among them, emerging types of dressings such as nanofibers, smart hydrogels and injectable hydrogels are at the research frontier of their development. Therefore, marine polysaccharides are essential materials in wound dressings fabrication and have a promising future.

Fucoidan ameliorates acute and sub-chronic in vivo toxicity of the fungicide cholorothalonil in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)

Fucoidans are sulfated glycans from marine algae that have both anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties. Chlorothalonil is a fungicide and insecticide commonly used in agriculture. Chlorothalonil is relatively toxic to fish and can potentially affect the aquaculture practices. In this study, we determined whether fucoidan administration would offer any protection from acute and subchronic toxicity of chlorothalonil on Nile tilapia. First, we tested the effect of chlorothalonil (20 to 140 μg/L, water-applied) on Nile tilapia in an acute exposure (six days). Survival analysis was performed, together with assessment of histopathology, oxidative stress (i.e., antioxidant status, hydrogen peroxide levels, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels) and immunohistochemistry to measure indicators of hepatic damage (i.e., caspase 3, p53, mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM), and glutathione peroxidase). Chlorothalonil induced mild to severe histopathological alterations that were dose-dependent in various tissues of Nile tilapia. Chlorothalonil also induced oxidative stress as indicated by elevated biochemical markers. The highest recorded mortalities were associated with p53 expression. Additional feeding experiments were conducted with fucoidan (8 g/kg diet), following acute (40 μg/L for seven days) and sub-chronic (20 μg/L for six weeks) chlorothalonil application in Nile tilapia. Many of these same biochemical biomarkers of stress, oxidative damage response, and tissue pathology (evidence for hepatic neoplasm) were ameliorated by fucoidan, suggesting a protective effect of the compound. Agrochemicals are ubiquitous on a global scale, and the use of fucoidan as a feed additive may be beneficial for protecting aquatic animal health and aquaculture species from the impacts of chemical run-off.

Recent Advances in Biopolymeric Composite Materials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicines: A Review

The polymeric composite material with desirable features can be gained by selecting suitable biopolymers with selected additives to get polymer-filler interaction. Several parameters can be modified according to the design requirements, such as chemical structure, degradation kinetics, and biopolymer composites' mechanical properties. The interfacial interactions between the biopolymer and the nanofiller have substantial control over biopolymer composites' mechanical characteristics. This review focuses on different applications of biopolymeric composites in controlled drug release, tissue engineering, and wound healing with considerable properties. The biopolymeric composite materials are required with advanced and multifunctional properties in the biomedical field and regenerative medicines with a complete analysis of routine biomaterials with enhanced biomedical engineering characteristics. Several studies in the literature on tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound dressing have been mentioned. These results need to be reviewed for possible development and analysis, which makes an essential study.