1
|
Ryazanov V, Duskaev G, Sheida E, Nurzhanov B, Kurilkina M. Rumen fermentation, methane concentration, and blood metabolites of cattle receiving dietetical phytobiotic and cobalt (II) chloride. Vet World 2022; 15:2551-2557. [PMID: 36590132 PMCID: PMC9798063 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2551-2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Ensuring the genetic potential of ruminants through nutrition studies using medicinal plants and trace element metals is an urgent task. This study aimed to study the effect of Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae) herb plant separately and in combination with cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) chelate compounds on the course of metabolic processes in the rumen, methane concentration, and biochemical blood parameters in bulls. Materials and Methods Control group (BD: Basal diet); experimental Group I - BD + A. absinthium herb at a dose of 2.0 g/kg dry matter (DM), experimental Group II - BD + A. absinthium herb at a dose of 2.0 g/kg DM + CoCl2 (1.5 mg/kg), and experimental Group III - BD + CoCl2 were set (1.5 mg/kg). The study was conducted on 16 beef bulls (Kazakh white-headed breed) aged 13-14 months, with an average live weight of 330-335 kg. Enzymatic processes in the rumen were studied, including the level of volatile fatty acids (using the gas chromatography method), nitrogen and its fractions (using the Kjeldahl method), methane concentration, and morphological and biochemical blood composition. Results There was a decrease in the concentration of acetic acid in experimental group I (15.9%) (p < 0.05) and in the III group (60.3%) and propionic acid in all experimental groups by 5.6%-47.3% (p < 0.05). Feeding A. absinthium herb as part of the diet of experimental Group I contributed to a decrease in methane concentration by 17.8% (p = 0.05) and the lowest methane concentration was noted for experimental Group III. It was less than in control by 59.1% (p < 0.05). An increase in the concentration of glucose, total protein, and creatinine was found in the experimental groups (p < 0.05). The digestibility of organic matter (3.5%), crude fiber (3.6%), and hemicellulose (11.0%) increased with the feeding of A. absinthium herb. Conclusion Thus, using biocomplexes based on A. absinthium herb and CoCl2 do not harm the rumen fermentation of cattle. Still, further microbiome studies are required to evaluate the effects of A. absinthium on cattle properly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Ryazanov
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies, RAS, 460000, Orenburg, Russia,Corresponding author: Vitaliy Ryazanov, e-mail: Co-authors: GD: , ES: , BN: , MK:
| | - Galimzhan Duskaev
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies, RAS, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Elena Sheida
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies, RAS, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Baer Nurzhanov
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies, RAS, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Marina Kurilkina
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies, RAS, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Effects of Non-Fiber Carbohydrate Content and Forage Type on Rumen Microbiome of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123519. [PMID: 34944297 PMCID: PMC8698165 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For sustainable development in the dairy industry, crop by-products play an important role, especially in areas that lack pasture and are not suitable for intensive cereal-adapted production (i.e., diets containing high amounts of cereal grains). However, feeding crop by-products usually lowers milk production in dairy cows due to their poor nutrient quality. In a previous study, we have demonstrated that non-fiber carbohydrate content (NFC) is a major limiting factor for the utilization of diets based on corn stover (CS). Although the higher abundance of easily fermentable energy in NFC and forage type can influence the synthesis of VFAs and MCP in the rumen and higher NFC content or high quality forages normally have a positive influence on the lactation performance of dairy cows, the underlying microbial mechanisms and potential effects on milk production are under-investigated to date. Here, we examined microbial composition and predicted the metabolism from cows fed CS-based diets with either high levels of NFC (H-NFC), or low levels of NFC (L-NFC). Control cows were fed an alfalfa-based diet (AH). Our results show that, supplementation of the CS-based diet with additional NFC increased amino acid biosynthesis in rumen microbiota in dairy cattle, and thus resulted in better nitrogen conversion. However, lower levels of fibrolytic capacity may limit dry matter intake of cows fed H-NFC and may prevent increased milk yield. Abstract The main objective of our current study was evaluating the effects of NFC supplementation and forage type on rumen microbiota and metabolism, by comparing microbial structures and composition among samples collected from cows fed AH (alfalfa-based diet), H-NFC (CS-based diet with high NFC) and L-NFC (CS-based diet with low NFC) diets. Our results show that microbial communities were structurally different but functionally similar among groups. When compared with L-HFC, NFC increased the population of Treponema, Ruminobacter, Selenomonas and Succinimonas that were negatively correlated with ruminal NH3-N, and urea nitrogen in blood, milk and urine, as well as significantly increasing the number of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis. However, when compared to the AH group, H-NFC showed a higher abundance of bacteria relating to starch degradation and lactate production, but a lower abundance of bacteria utilizing pectin and other soluble fibers. This may lead to a slower proliferation of lignocellulose bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Marvinbryantia and Syntrophococcus. Lower fibrolytic capacity in the rumen may reduce rumen rotation rate and may limit dry matter intake and milk yield in cows fed H-NFC. The enzyme activity assays further confirmed that cellulase and xylanase activity in AH were significantly higher than H-NFC. In addition, the lower cobalt content in Gramineae plants compared to legumes, might have led to the significantly down-regulated microbial genes involved in vitamin B12 biosynthesis in H-NFC compared to AH. A lower dietary supply with vitamin B12 may restrict the synthesis of milk lactose, one of the key factors influencing milk yield. In conclusion, supplementation of a CS-based diet with additional NFC was beneficial for nitrogen conversion by increasing the activity of amino acid biosynthesis in rumen microbiota in dairy cattle. However, lower levels of fibrolytic capacity may limit dry matter intake of cows fed H-NFC and may prevent increased milk yield.
Collapse
|
3
|
González-Montaña JR, Escalera-Valente F, Alonso AJ, Lomillos JM, Robles R, Alonso ME. Relationship between Vitamin B12 and Cobalt Metabolism in Domestic Ruminant: An Update. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1855. [PMID: 33053716 PMCID: PMC7601760 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalt, as a trace element, is essential for rumen microorganisms for the formation of vitamin B12. In the metabolism of mammals, vitamin B12 is an essential part of two enzymatic systems involved in multiple metabolic reactions, such as in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, some amino acids and DNA. Adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin are coenzymes of methylmalonyl coenzyme A (CoA) mutase and methionine synthetase and are essential for obtaining energy through ruminal metabolism. Signs of cobalt deficiency range from hyporexia, reduced growth and weight loss to liver steatosis, anemia, impaired immune function, impaired reproductive function and even death. Cobalt status in ruminant animals can be assessed by direct measurement of blood or tissue concentrations of cobalt or vitamin B12, as well as the level of methylmalonic acid, homocysteine or transcobalamin in blood; methylmalonic acid in urine; some variables hematological; food consumption or growth of animals. In general, it is assumed that the requirement for cobalt (Co) is expressed around 0.11 ppm (mg/kg) in the dry matter (DM) diet; current recommendations seem to advise increasing Co supplementation and placing it around 0.20 mg Co/kg DM. Although there is no unanimous criterion about milk production, fattening or reproductive rates in response to increased supplementation with Co, in some investigations, when the total Co of the diet was approximately 1 to 1.3 ppm (mg/kg), maximum responses were observed in the milk production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Ramiro González-Montaña
- Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy Veterinary Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.J.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Francisco Escalera-Valente
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic 69130, Nayarit, Mexico;
| | - Angel J. Alonso
- Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy Veterinary Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.J.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Juan M. Lomillos
- Production and Health Animal, Public Health Veterinary and Science and Technology of Food Department, Veterinary Faculty, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Roberto Robles
- Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy Veterinary Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.J.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Marta E. Alonso
- Animal Production Department, Veterinary Faculty, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McKeever K, Malinowski K, Fenger C, Duer W, Maylin G. Evaluation of cobalt as a performance enhancing drug (PED) in racehorses. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt is a required trace element in animals, but administration in excess is considered dangerous and potentially performance enhancing in equine athletes. This study seeks to determine if cobalt may actually act as a performance enhancing drug (PED) by altering biochemical parameters related to red blood cell production as well as markers of aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance. In addition, for adequate regulation of naturally occurring substances, such as cobalt, its distribution among the population must be defined. In order to identify this distribution, plasma Cobalt was determined from 245 Standardbred horses with no cobalt supplementation from farms in New York and New Jersey, including horses at the Rutgers University Equine Science Center. Samples were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Seven healthy, race fit Standardbreds (4 geldings, 3 mares, age: 5±3 years, ~500 kg) were used for the PED experiment. An incremental graded exercise test (GXT) to measure maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O2max) and markers of performance, measurement of plasma volume and blood volume as well as the measurement of lactate, erythropoietin (EPO), and various blood haematological factors were determined 7 days prior to cobalt administration. Each horse was administered a sterile solution of cobalt salts (50 mg of elemental Co as CoCl2 in 10 ml of saline, IV) at 9 AM on three consecutive days via the jugular vein. Blood samples were obtained from the contralateral jugular vein before and at 1, 2, 4 and 24 h after administration. Plasma and blood volume were measured one day after the last dose of cobalt, and a post administration GXT was performed the next day. Horses were observed for signs of adverse effects of the cobalt administration (agitation, sweating, increased respiration, etc.). Plasma cobalt concentration increased from a pre-administration mean of 1.6±0.6 to 369±28 μg/l following 3 doses of the cobalt solution (P<0.05). This Co concentration was unaccompanied by changes in aerobic or anaerobic performance, plasma EPO concentration, plasma volume, resting blood volume, total blood volume, or estimated red blood cell volume (P>0.05). There were no observed adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K.H. McKeever
- Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Science, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - K. Malinowski
- Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Science, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - C.K. Fenger
- Equine Integrated Medicine, PLC, 4904 Ironworks Rd., Georgetown, KY 40324, USA
| | - W.C. Duer
- Duer Forensic Toxicology, Inc., Isle Of Sand Key, 1621 Gulf Boulevard, Suite 102, Clearwater, FL 33767, USA
| | - G.A. Maylin
- New York Drug Testing and Research Program, Morrisville State College, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Skalny AV, Zaitseva IP, Gluhcheva YG, Skalny AA, Achkasov EE, Skalnaya MG, Tinkov AA. Cobalt in athletes: hypoxia and doping - new crossroads. J Appl Biomed 2019; 17:28. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2018.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
6
|
Popot MA, Ho EN, Stojiljkovic N, Bagilet F, Remy P, Maciejewski P, Loup B, Chan GH, Hargrave S, Arthur RM, Russo C, White J, Hincks P, Pearce C, Ganio G, Zahra P, Batty D, Jarrett M, Brooks L, Prescott LA, Bailly-Chouriberry L, Bonnaire Y, Wan TS. Interlaboratory trial for the measurement of total cobalt in equine urine and plasma by ICP-MS. Drug Test Anal 2017; 9:1400-1406. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Agnes Popot
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (LCH); 15 rue de Paradis 91370 Verrières-le-Buisson France
| | - Emmie N.M. Ho
- Racing Laboratory; The Hong Kong Jockey Club; Sha Tin Racecourse; Sha Tin NT Hong Kong, China
| | - Natali Stojiljkovic
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (LCH); 15 rue de Paradis 91370 Verrières-le-Buisson France
| | - Florian Bagilet
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (LCH); 15 rue de Paradis 91370 Verrières-le-Buisson France
| | - Pierre Remy
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (LCH); 15 rue de Paradis 91370 Verrières-le-Buisson France
| | - Pascal Maciejewski
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (LCH); 15 rue de Paradis 91370 Verrières-le-Buisson France
| | - Benoit Loup
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (LCH); 15 rue de Paradis 91370 Verrières-le-Buisson France
| | - George H.M. Chan
- Racing Laboratory; The Hong Kong Jockey Club; Sha Tin Racecourse; Sha Tin NT Hong Kong, China
| | - Sabine Hargrave
- School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Rick M. Arthur
- School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Charlie Russo
- Racing Chemistry Laboratory; ChemCentre, PO Box 1250 Bentley Delivery Centre Western Australia 6983 Australia
| | - James White
- Racing Chemistry Laboratory; ChemCentre, PO Box 1250 Bentley Delivery Centre Western Australia 6983 Australia
| | - Pamela Hincks
- Sport and Specialised Analytical Services; LGC Ltd; Newmarket Road, Fordham Cambridgeshire CB7 5WW UK
| | - Clive Pearce
- Sport and Specialised Analytical Services; LGC Ltd; Newmarket Road, Fordham Cambridgeshire CB7 5WW UK
| | - George Ganio
- Racing Analytical Services Ltd; 400 Epsom Road Flemington Victoria 3031 Australia
| | - Paul Zahra
- Racing Analytical Services Ltd; 400 Epsom Road Flemington Victoria 3031 Australia
| | - David Batty
- Racing Analytical Services Ltd; 400 Epsom Road Flemington Victoria 3031 Australia
| | - Mark Jarrett
- Racing Science Centre; Cooksley St Hamilton QLD 4007 Australia
| | - Lydia Brooks
- Canadian Pari-Mutuel Agency; 1130 Morrison Dr. Ottawa Ontario K2H 9N Canada
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency; 960 Carling Av. Bldg#22 C.E.F. Ottawa Ontario K1A 0Y9
| | - Lise-Anne Prescott
- Canadian Pari-Mutuel Agency; 1130 Morrison Dr. Ottawa Ontario K2H 9N Canada
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency; 960 Carling Av. Bldg#22 C.E.F. Ottawa Ontario K1A 0Y9
| | | | - Yves Bonnaire
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (LCH); 15 rue de Paradis 91370 Verrières-le-Buisson France
| | - Terence S.M. Wan
- Racing Laboratory; The Hong Kong Jockey Club; Sha Tin Racecourse; Sha Tin NT Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|