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Przybylska A, Chrustek A, Olszewska‐Słonina D, Koba M, Kruszewski S. Determination of patulin in products containing dried fruits by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique Patulin in dried fruits. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4211-4220. [PMID: 34401072 PMCID: PMC8358369 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The era of globalization causes that the export and import of food from different continents of the world are becoming more and more common, which may directly contribute to the increase in pollution in them. The presence of mycotoxin in food is an ubiquitous problem. There is very limited information on the possible influence of the composition of herbal mixtures on the presence of mycotoxins in them, which is an area where research can be expanded. The aim of this study was to determine patulin (PAT) in commercial products containing dried elderberry, rose, blueberry, rowan, hawthorn, and chokeberry fruits by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Research using this technique allowed for considering the possible influence of the composition of herbal mixtures on the concentration of patulin in them. Patulin was detected in all analyzed samples with wide range of
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Przybylska
- Department of Toxicology and BromatologyFaculty of PharmacyL. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
| | - Agnieszka Chrustek
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyL. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
| | - Dorota Olszewska‐Słonina
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyL. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
| | - Marcin Koba
- Department of Toxicology and BromatologyFaculty of PharmacyL. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
| | - Stefan Kruszewski
- Medical Physics DivisionBiophysics DepartmentFaculty of PharmacyL. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
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Li X, Li H, Zhang W, Li X, Zhang Q, Guo Z, Li X, Song S, Zhao G. Development of patulin certified reference material using mass balance and quantitative NMR. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2021.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The certified reference materials (CRMs) are necessary for accurate quantification and insurance of comparability and traceability of results. Patulin is a typical mycotoxin in a variety of food commodities. Here, patulin CRM GBW(E)100673 was characterised and its purity was assessed by two independent orthogonal approaches including mass balance (MB) and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) methods. From MB equation, the calculated purity was 996.9 mg/g with subtraction of water, volatile solvent, inorganic and structurally related impurities. In the other qNMR method, the calculated purity was 996.7 mg/g. This CRM was homogeneous and stable for at least 9 months under -20 °C in dark. Finally, a purity of 997 mg/g with an expanded uncertainty of 3 mg/g (k=2) was finally assigned to patulin CRM in this study. High-purity patulin CRM was fully characterised and assessed for the first time. The new CRM can be applicable to routine monitoring and risk assessment for assurance of accuracy results in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Li
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China P.R
| | - H. Li
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China P.R
| | - W. Zhang
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China P.R
| | - X. Li
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China P.R
| | - Q. Zhang
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China P.R
| | - Z. Guo
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China P.R
| | - X. Li
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China P.R
| | - S. Song
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China P.R
| | - G. Zhao
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China P.R
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Reinholds I, Bogdanova E, Pugajeva I, Bartkevics V. Mycotoxins in herbal teas marketed in Latvia and dietary exposure assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2019; 12:199-208. [PMID: 30961455 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2019.1597927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of 12 mycotoxins has been analysed by liquid chromatography - time of flight mass spectrometry in the batch of 60 herbal teas purchased from drugstores in Latvia. Among the dry tea samples, 90% were positive for one to eight mycotoxins. Enniatin B and deoxynivalenol (DON) were the most frequently detected mycotoxins in 55% and 45% of the samples, respectively. DON reached the highest level, from 129 µg kg-1 in herbal blend to 5,463 µg kg-1 in wormwood tea. Ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were found in 10% and 20% of the samples at the concentrations ranged between 2.99-30.3 µg kg-1 and 3.40-23.7 µg kg-1. Studies of the tea infusion process indicated that 32-100% of DON and zearalenone present in dry teas were extracted into the infusions. Dietary exposure assessment was performed, using the determined mycotoxin levels and the available consumption data.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Reinholds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR" , Riga , Latvia
| | - E Bogdanova
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR" , Riga , Latvia.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
| | - I Pugajeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR" , Riga , Latvia
| | - V Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR" , Riga , Latvia.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
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Przybylska A, Bazylak G, Kosicki R, Altyn I, Twaruzek M, Grajewski J, Soltys-Lelek A. Advantageous Extraction, Cleanup, and UHPLC-MS/MS Detection of Patulin Mycotoxin in Dietary Supplements and Herbal Blends Containing Hawberry from Crataegus spp. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:2159097. [PMID: 30881725 PMCID: PMC6381574 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2159097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a highly genotoxic mycotoxin still found as the common contaminant of various kinds of spoiled fruits and related commodities which are often endorsed as the health-enhancing products. Thus, a fast and convenient liquid-solid extraction followed by a solid-phase cleanup with the MycoSep®228 AflaPat multifunctional column was used for the highly efficient isolation of PAT with an average recovery of 112.7% from commercial dietary supplements and herbal blends formulated with dried hawberry. Analysis of the PAT content was carried out using gradient elution with a Synergi Polar C18 column (150 × 2 mm, 4 μm) and UHPLC system equipped with a mass spectrometer. PAT was detected in all (n=14) commercial single-component dietary supplements formulated with dried hawberry belonging to Crataegus monogyna and/or Crataegus laevigata. Similarly, PAT was detected in 67% of the studied multicomponent commercial herbal blends (n=6) that contained-in addition to hawberry-different amounts of apple, chokeberry, elderberry, hibiscus, or mallow. Moreover, the PAT content was determined in the hawberry collected from the mature wild hawthorn trees belonging to three botanical species, Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Crataegus laevigata (Poiret) DC, and Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand, growing in the recreational forest areas and in the law-protected state national forest park in Poland. In conclusion, to prevent PAT accumulation and reduce the health risk of consumers in globalizing markets, the implementation of improved cultivation/processing practices of hawthorn trees and hawberry as well as increased analytical control related to the presence of PAT in dietary supplements and herbal blends formulated with fresh, dried, or frozen hawberry should be urgently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Przybylska
- Department of Pharmaco-Bromatology and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagiellonska 13, PL-85067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bazylak
- Department of Pharmaco-Bromatology and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagiellonska 13, PL-85067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Kosicki
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, PL-85064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Iwona Altyn
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, PL-85064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Twaruzek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, PL-85064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Grajewski
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, PL-85064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Maragos CM, Busman M, Ma L, Bobell J. Quantification of patulin in fruit leathers by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (UPLC-PDA). Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1164-74. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1036383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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YANG XH, KONG WJ, YANG MH, ZHAO M, OUYANG Z. Application of Aptamer Identification Technology in Rapid Analysis of Mycotoxins. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(13)60630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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