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Khatoon A, Khan MZ, Abidin ZU, Saleemi MK, Oguz H, Gul ST, Abbas RZ, Ali A, Bhatti SA. Aflatoxin B1-associated oxidative stress along with toxicopathological and immunological alterations is efficiently counteracted by dietary supplementation of distillery yeast sludge in broilers. Mycotoxin Res 2024:10.1007/s12550-024-00549-y. [PMID: 39073509 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is among the most potent genotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins and is a major source of distress for the growing poultry sector. On the other hand, distillery yeast sludge or distillery sludge (DS) is a byproduct of molasses-based industries. It is often treated as a waste despite containing abundant nutrients particularly protein, basic amino acids, and vitamins along with other macro and micronutrients. This study was designed to investigate the oxidative stress and immunological alterations induced by AFB1 and their amelioration by dietary supplementation with DS. For this purpose, 360 newly hatched broiler chicks were randomly divided into twelve groups (30 birds each) and fed different combinations of AFB1 (100, 200, or 600 µg/kg) and DS (5 or 10 g/kg) for 42 days. The parameters under consideration were body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), relative organ weights, histopathological examination of different visceral organs, total antioxidant capacity, antibody response to intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells, in situ lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin-P, and phagocytic potential through a carbon clearance assay system. The results of this study established that DS supplementation ameliorated AFB1-associated oxidative stress and ameliorated toxicopathological and immunological anomalies in groups given AFB1 at 100 µg/kg and 200 µg/kg; however, little to no relief was observed in birds fed AFB1 at 600 µg/kg. The determination of the actual ratio of the AFB1 to the DS for substantiating the ameliorating effects requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zargham Khan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ul Abidin
- Veterinary Research Institute, Zarrar Shaheed Road, Lahore Cantt-13, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Halis Oguz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, 42075, Turkey
| | - Shafia Tehseen Gul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ashiq Ali
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou Medical University, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Sheraz Ahmad Bhatti
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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2
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Khatoon A, Yasir Nawaz M, Mehboob G, Saleemi MK, Gul ST, Abbas RZ, Umar Ijaz M, Murtaza B, Ahmed Bhatti S, Ul Abidin Z, Riaz Khan A. Unraveling the combined deleterious effects of ochratoxin A and atrazine upon broiler's health: Toxicopathological, serum biochemical and immunological perspectives. Toxicon 2023; 236:107327. [PMID: 37863437 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine, a herbicide, is used for eradication of broad-leaved herbs in corn crop; and ochratoxins, particularly ochratoxin A (OTA), are major pollutants of poultry diet. Existence of both of these hazardous chemicals as residues is obvious as elucidated by various epidemiological findings. The present study was designed to investigate toxicopathological, serum biochemical and immunological alterations incurred by atrazine alone and/or, in combination with OTA in broilers. For this purpose, one-day old broiler chicks (n = 180) were purchased from a local hatching unit and were fed two levels of atrazine (50 and 150 mg/kg) and one level of OTA (100 μg/kg) in different combinations. Results of this experiment showed a significant reduction in feed intake, body weight gain, relative organ weights, serum total protein, albumin and globulin while there was a significant increase in urea and creatinine levels, decreased antibody response to sheep red blood cells, reduced lymphoproliferative response and phagocytic capacity in groups given OTA and atrazine individually in feed and these effects became more pronounced when atrazine was given in combination with OTA suggesting synergistic effects of both toxicants for each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yasir Nawaz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shafia Tehseen Gul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38040 Pakistan
| | - Bilal Murtaza
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Sheraz Ahmed Bhatti
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ul Abidin
- Veterinary Research Institute, Zarrar Shaheed Road Lahore Cantt-13, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Riaz Khan
- Veterinary Research Institute, Zarrar Shaheed Road Lahore Cantt-13, Pakistan
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Tahir MA, Abbas A, Muneeb M, Bilal RM, Hussain K, Abdel-Moneim AME, Farag MR, Dhama K, Elnesr SS, Alagawany M. Ochratoxicosis in poultry: occurrence, environmental factors, pathological alterations and amelioration strategies. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2090887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Tahir
- Department of Pathobiology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Abbas
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muneeb
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana M. Bilal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Hussain
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Aflatoxins associated oxidative stress and immunological alterations are mitigated by dietary supplementation of Pichia kudriavzevii in broiler chicks. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105279. [PMID: 34742894 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are the secondary metabolites of certain toxigenic fungi which pose severe health stress in humans, animals and poultry. Certain biological agents and components are used to adsorb mycotoxins in poultry industry which provide promising results in this regard. Pichia kudriazevii (PK), a novel yeast, has the ability to enhance the immune status of poultry chicks. The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative potential of PK against aflatoxins associated immunosuppression and oxidative stress in broiler chicks. 180-one day old broiler chicks were equally divided into six groups and given different combinations of aflatoxins (300 and 600 μg/kg) and PK (1 g/kg). Parameters studied were antibody response to sheep red blood cells, lymphoproliferative response to PHA-P; phagocytic response by carbon clearance assay system, total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status of chicks. Results of this experiment confirmed the immunomodulation and antioxidant capacity of PK against 300 μg/kg aflatoxin level. However such amelioration was partial when PK was used with 600 μg/kg aflatoxins. Moreover, the exact ratio of aflatoxin: PK to cause such amelioration still needs to be investigated.
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Shahba S, Mehrzad J, Malvandi AM. Neuroimmune disruptions from naturally occurring levels of mycotoxins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-14146-4. [PMID: 33932215 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Substantial pieces of evidence support the potential of exogenous toxins in disrupting neuroimmune homeostasis. It appears that mycotoxins are one of the noticeable sources of naturally occurring substances dysregulating the immune system, which involves the physiology of many organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS). The induction of inflammatory responses in microglial cells and astrocytes, the CNS resident cells with immunological characteristics, could interrupt the hemostasis upon even with low-level exposure to mycotoxins. The inevitable widespread occurrence of a low level of mycotoxins in foods and feed is likely increasing worldwide, predisposing individuals to potential neuroimmunological dysregulations. This paper reviews the current understanding of mycotoxins' neuro-immunotoxic features under low-dose exposure and the possible ways for detoxification and clearance as a perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shahba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Mohammad Malvandi
- Science and Technology Pole, IRCCS Multimedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy.
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Saleemi MK, Ashraf K, Gul ST, Naseem MN, Sajid MS, Mohsin M, He C, Zubair M, Khan A. Toxicopathological effects of feeding aflatoxins B1 in broilers and its ameliosration with indigenous mycotoxin binder. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109712. [PMID: 31654867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxicosis is the second most important problem faced by the Pakistan poultry industry, after high feed prices. The present experimental study was designed to investigate the toxicopathological effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in commercial broiler chicks and its amelioration with locally produced mycotoxin binder. Total of 125 broiler chicks was divided into five equal groups (A-E). Group A served as negative control, group B (300 μg AFB1/kg feed) as positive control, group C (300 μg AFB1/kg + Local Mycotoxin Binder (LMB), 1 g/kg feed), group D (300 μg AFB1/kg + 2 g LMB/kg feed), and group E (300 μg AFB1/kg + Commercial Mycotoxin Binder (CMB), 2 g/kg of feed). Parameters studied included mortality, feed intake, bodyweights, absolute and relative organ weights, and gross and microscopic lesions in visceral organs. Clinical signs including alertness, fecal consistency, and feather shine were significantly lower in group B compared with control group A. The feed intake of 2 g/kg LMB treated group was significantly higher than that of the positive control group B. Also mean bodyweights of group D birds was higher than that of group B birds indicating an ameliorative effect of LMB. Histopathological results showed that moldy feed produced necrotic changes in the liver and kidneys in group B birds. However, in group D and E birds, the hepatic and renal parenchyma was normal, showing a protective effect of LMB. In the present study, a higher dose of LMB (2 g/kg) in group D showed higher bodyweights and feed intake. In group D, birds hepatic and renal parenchyma was also normal. The results suggested that local mycotoxin binder ameliorated the toxicopathological effects of AFB1 in mortality, feed intake, bodyweights, organ weights and, gross and microscopic lesions in visceral organs. These ameliorative effects of LMB were dose-dependent. The results of the present study concluded that AFB1 intoxication leads to decrease in bodyweights, feed intake in dose-related manner. The mortality was also dose-dependent. Gross and microscopic changes in the aflatoxin groups were more pronounced, however, all these deleterious effects were ameliorated in higher dose of LMB (group D) and CMB (group E). In group C, these deleterious effects were partially ameliorated. Local mycotoxin binder is an economical solution for aflatoxicosis problem, making poultry production more cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kashif Saleemi
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Kamran Ashraf
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - S Tehseen Gul
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - M Noman Naseem
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - M Sohail Sajid
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Cheng He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | | | - Ahrar Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, 261061, China.
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Khatoon A, ul Abidin Z. An extensive review of experimental ochratoxicosis in poultry: II. Hemato-biochemical and immunological alterations along with other health issues. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1614065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Naseem MN, Saleemi MK, Khan A, Khatoon A, Gul ST, Rizvi F, Ahmad I, Fayyaz A. Pathological effects of concurrent administration of aflatoxin B 1 and fowl adenovirus-4 in broiler chicks. Microb Pathog 2018; 121:147-154. [PMID: 29775726 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate pathological effects of fowl adenovirus in broilers exposed to aflatoxin B1. Fowl Adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) infection is remerging in all types of poultry birds in Pakistan. Poultry feed contamination with mycotoxin (aflatoxin) is another important global issue. A total of 125-day old broiler birds were divided into six equal groups. Group A served as control. B and C groups were administered with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) 100 and 200 μg/kg feed. Group D was infected with FAdV-4, while groups E and F administered with both AFB1 (100 & 200 μg/kg) along with FAdV-4. These birds were monitored for clinical signs and mortality. Feed intake, body weight (BW), relative organ weights and gross & histopathological lesions were recorded. The highest mortality was observed in group F (FAdV-4 + AFB1 200 μg/kg feed) and the lowest mortality was observed in group B (AFB1 100 μg/kg feed). Body weights of all the groups were significantly (p < 0.05) lower as compared with control group. Relative weight of liver and kidneys in groups E and F were significantly higher as compared with control. Grossly, liver was swollen, anemic with round margins in groups D, E and F. Kidneys were also swollen with whitish areas indicating dead tissue. Microscopically intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in group D-F. The hepatic parenchyma was also indicating necrotic changes along with vacuolar degeneration. In renal parenchyma, acute tubular necrosis was observed in groups C, E and F. It was concluded that AFB1 intoxication lead to dose dependent changes in liver and kidneys. Severity of the changes was increased in interactive groups of AFB1 with FAdV-4. Therefore, feed should be regularly monitored for AFB1 levels and day old chicks for vertically transmitted FAdV-4 to prevent losses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahrar Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafia Tehseen Gul
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Rizvi
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahad Fayyaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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